中考必备语法 动词的被动语态

中考必备语法动词的被动语态二、考点跟踪解读1.理解动词的语态在不同语境中的应用和结构变化。

2.掌握相应的谓语动词变化形式和常用结构。

3.掌握主动语态和被动语态之间的相互转化。

4.掌握一般现在时，一般过去时以及一般现在时带有情态动词的被动语态的用法。

三、要点精讲全解语态表明主谓之间的关系。

英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态之分。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。

（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。

（被动语态）（一）被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。

助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化：1.一般现在时：be（am/ is/ are）+ 及物动词的过去分词English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。

2.一般过去时：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。

3.现在完成时：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。

4.一般将来时：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。

5.现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→My bike is being repaired by Tom now.6.过去进行时：was/were+及物动词的过去分词This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建。

7.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Your homework must be handed in tomorrow. 明天必须交上你的作业。

被动语态的一般疑问句，须将第一个助动词移至主语之前构成。

否定句须在助动词之后加not。

如：肯定句：The letter is written in English.否定句：The letter isn’t written in English.一般疑问句：Is the letter written in English?（二）被动语态的用法1. 不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。

如：The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。

2.当更加强调动作的承受者时。

此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。

如：The room hasn’t been cleaned yet.房间还没有打扫。

（三）主动语态变为被动语态1．主动语态变为被动语态的步骤分清主句主谓宾，宾变主来主by宾。

谓变be done 时不变，注意数格抄其余。

即：（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语。

如果主动句的宾语是代词，将其由宾格变为主格。

Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.（2）将动词改为“be+过去分词”。

根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。

They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.You must lock the door when you leave.→The door must be locked when you leave.（3）将主动语态的主语改为被动语态的by的宾语。

如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。

如：He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.2．主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项（1）无to的要加to对于感官动词（see, watch, hear等）和使役动词（make等），它们用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，我们要把不带to的动词不定式前加上to。

即：秃头带帽。

如：I saw him make a face just now. →He was seen to make a face just now.Mother made her stay at home last Sunday.→She was made to stay at home last Sunday.（2）双宾语要变人，变物要加to 或for。

有些动词有双宾语，间接宾语（指人）和直接宾语（指物）。

在变为被动语态时，一般要把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语；但要把直接宾语的变为被动语态的主语时，在间接宾语前要添加介词to或for。

（buy, make, draw, sing等用for, 其它一般用to）如：I gave him a book yesterday.→He was given a book yesterday.→A book was given to him yesterday.She bought me a bike last week.→I was bought a bike last week.→ A bike was bought for me last week.（3）动词词组是整体，不可省去任何词。

不及物动词没有被动语态，但有些不及物动词加上适当的介词或副词构成动词词组后，能有自己的宾语，故有被动语态。

在由主动语态变为被动语态时，要把动词词组看作是一个整体，不可省去其介词或副词。

She often takes good care of the babies.→The babies are often taken good care of by her.He listens to the radio every day.→The radio is listened to by him every day.（四）使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：1.主语是表示地点的名词变为被动语态主语是表示地点的名词变为被动语态，此名词不能变为“by”的宾语，应在前面加介词“in，on”或“at”。

如：Thefactorymakescars.→ Carsaremadeinthefactory.Thefarmgrowsrice.→ Riceisgrownonthefarm.2. 不及物动词无被动语态。

不及物动词没有宾语，若将其用于被动语态则没有主语，故不能用于被动语态。

有些英语中的不及物动词，译成汉语时却可能是“及物”的，很容易出错，如：take place(发生)，happen(发生)，appear(出现)，disappear(消失)，last(持续)，等。

What will happen in 100 years？一百年以后将会发生什么呢？3.主动形式表示被动意义。

英语中有些词语或句型可以用主动形式表示被动意义，而且这种情况还比较常见。

如果我们不注意就有可能会用错，所以有必要把这种情况做个了解。

下面是主动形式表示被动意义的一些典型形式。

（1）want, need, require等词后用主动形式表被动意义。

This shirt needs washing/to be washed.这件衬衣该洗了。

（2连系动词look, feel, smell, taste, sound,等后加形容词也表示被动意义。

It tastes sweet.这有甜味。

（3）be worth doing something句型中用主动形式表示被动意义。

The idea is well worth considering.这个想法很值得考虑。

（4）不定式做后置定语，且与被修饰的名词在逻辑上是动宾关系，与句子主语在逻辑上是主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。

They have a lot of work to do this week.他们这周有很多工作要做。

（5）当不定式前有good, easy, difficult, hard, comfortable, heavy, light, dangerous, safe等形容词修饰且与句子的逻辑主语是动宾关系时用主动表示被动意义。

These shoes are not very comfortable to wear.这双鞋穿起来不太舒服。

（6）有些及物动词和及物动词短语(多表示“静态”)不能用于被动语态，常见的有have, cost, last, own, hold, fit, agree with等。

The party lasted for two hours last night. 晚会昨天晚上持续了两个小时。

（五）初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1. be covered with被……覆盖2.be made of由……制作（发生物理变化）be made from由……制作（发生化学变化）be made in由（某地）制造be made by被（某人）制造3. be used for被用来……be used as被当作（作为）……来使用be used to do sth．被用来做某事4. be filled with 被装满5.It is said that．．．据说……It is well known that．．．众所周知……四、思维误区警示（一）考查主动形式，被动意义【例题解析】1.（孝感市）These apples _________ well because they _________ nice.A. are sold, lookB. sell, lookC. sell, are lookedD. are sold, are looked答案：B。