初中语法-被动语态

（三）被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者Cats eat fish.（主动语态）猫吃鱼。

Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。

一、被动语态的构成由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。

1.一般现在时的被动语态：They speak English. →English is spoken (by people)2.一般过去时的被动语态：He watered the flowers just now. →The flowers were watered (him )just now .3.一般将来时的被动语态：We will clean the classroom. →The classroom will be cleaned (by us ) .4.现在进行时的被动语态：Tom is picking apples. →Apples are being picking by Tom5.现在完成时的被动语态：The workers have built a house. →A house has been built by the workers .6.情态动词的被动语态：You should look after him well. →He should be looked after well .二、含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况：1、通常把间接宾语的变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留在原位置。

Tom gave me a bike last year. →I was given a bike by Tom last year .My father bought me a shirt yesterday. →I was bought a shirt by my father yesterday .2、把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，则要在间接宾语前加上介词to (make 制造，buy 变为被动时常用for )。

Tom gave me a bike last year. →A bike was given to me by Tom last year .My father bought me a shirt yesterday. →A shirt was bought for me yesterday .三、动词短语变为被动语态时不能漏掉其中的介词或副词You must listen to the teacher carefully in class .→The teacher must be listened to carefully in class.四、主动语态中有些动词，如：make, have, let, see, watch, hear等后面常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时要加to 。

We often hear the boy sing in the next room. →The boy is often heard to sing in the next room.五、注意事项：1.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)2.系动词是没有被动语态：Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste ….如：The dish tastes good .3.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well 如：This kind of skirt sells well.4.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done .All the computers need repairing. =All the computers need to be repaired.专项练习：一、选择题1. One or two man-made satellites ______ in our country every year.A. have been sent upB. will be sent upC. is sent upD. are sent up2. Our TV set _____ yesterday.A. is repairedB. was repairedC. had been repairedD. would be repaired3. A new building _____ in our school next year.A. will be builtB. is builtC. is being builtD. has been built4. Many books on science _____ since I went to college.A. were boughtB. have been boughtC. will be boughtD. are bought5. A wonderful English talk _____ by Mr Liu tomorrow.A. has been givenB. is givenC. is being givenD. will be given6. How _____ the Great Pyramid (金字塔)____ many years ago without modern machines.A. is…builtB. would…be builtC. have…been builtD. was…built Food and clothes ____ by women.A is often talk about B. are often talkedC. are often talked aboutD. often talked about8. _____ the work _____ yet ?A. is…finishedB. Will…be finishedC. Has …been finishedD. Would…be finished9. Such films _____ by children like you.A. must be not seenB. must not be seeC. must not seenD. must not be seen10.Trees _____ in winter but in spring.A. not can be plantedB. can be not plantedC. can’t be plantedD. can not be plant11.This kind of cars ____ in Japan ten years ago.A. can only be madeB. could only madeC. be could only madeD. could only be made12. Jack often does things foolishly, so he ____ sometimes _____ by others.A. is…laughedB. is …laughed atC. was…laughedD. has…been laughed at13.The bear ______ to the zoo tomorrow morning.A. may be sendB. may is sentC. may be sentD. is may sent14. In the past ten year, a lot of new buildings _____ in our city.A. are put upB. have put upC. have been putD. have been put up15. Such films _____ by children like you.A. must be not seenB. must not be seeC. must not seenD. must not be seen二、用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空1. Some top students _____(send) to study in foreign countries once a year.2.More and more schools ___________(build) here later.3. Where are the apples? I think they _______(eat) by those boys.4.Many new things __________(invent) in the last ten years.5.All the shoes __________(sell) out last week.6.How long _______ the book _________(can keep)?7. Tom _______ (hide) his shoes behind the tree. So they _________(not find) easily.8.The babies here _________(take) good care of every day.。