UK7-Religion

1．第1题A great moment for the civil rights movement was the March on Washington on August, 1963 when President Kennedy gave the famous " I Have a Dream" speech.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.02．第2题It is not very difficult to generalize about the American way of life.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.03．第3题The most exciting moment in baseball game is a homerun.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.04．第4题According the First Amendament to the Constitution of the United States, there would be a state-supported religion.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.05．第5题In the US, scientific and economic advance and rising material progress have been accompanied by a decline in religious observance.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.06．第6题When people outside the UK talk about England,they mistake it as Britain sometimes.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.07．第7题Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.08．第8题Free press has the function of keeping an eye on the government, and therefore it is called the watchdog of parliamentary democracy.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.09．第9题In Britain, class and educational differences are reflected in the newspaper people read.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.010．第10题The world' s oldest daily newspaper is The Observer.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.011．第11题Easter is the biggest and best loved British holiday.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题Under a Constitutional Amendament passed in 1951, a president can be elected to only one term.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题The 10 very short paragraphs which guarantee freedom and individual rights and forbid interference with lives of individuals by the government are called the Bill of Rights.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题Super Bowl will decide the champion baseball team of the year in the US.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题Ireland is part of Great Britain您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第16题Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern Ireland.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第17题Northern Ireland today is governed by separate juristictions: that of Republic of Ireland and that of Great Britain.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第18题Critics of the affirmative action programs are of the opinion that this results in reverse discrimination.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.019．第19题Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.020．第20题" We Shall Overcome!" is a very famous song during the 1960s.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.021．第21题The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the US now is the blacks, or Afro-Americans.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.022．第22题George Washington, Banjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founing fathers of the USA.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.023．第23题Drug abuse in the US has come to be regarded asone of the most challenging social problems facing the nation.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.024．第24题Yellowstone National Park is the oldest national park in the US.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.025．第25题John F. Kennedy was the first Catholic elected as the US president.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.026．第26题The theory of poltiics of the American Revolution came from John Locke, a French philosopher in the 17th century.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.027．第27题Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.028．第28题It is no doubt that Britain is the oldest representative democracy in the world.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.029．第29题Queen Elizabeth II is both the head of the state and the head of government in the UK.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.030．第30题Secrecy is an important part of the voting process.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：0.031．第31题The Labour Party is the oldest party in the UK.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第32题The Conservative Party is the party that spent most time in power.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第33题The first English permanent settlement was founded in California.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第34题The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.035．第35题Public schools in the UK are part of the national education system and funded by the government.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第36题You must have the A-level qualification to enter British university.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第37题Britain is no longer an imperial country.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第38题Scotland was never conquered by the Romans.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第39题The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the Christian Church.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第40题Segregating blacks into separate schools was unconstitutional after the decision of the Supreme Court in 1954.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.041．第41题The US was founded on the principle of human equality, and in reality the nation has lived up to that ideal.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.042．第42题In the early 20th century, those dominating American life were mostly WASPs.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.043．第43题In 1863, President Lincoln signed The Emancipation Proclamation which together with the 13th Amendament to the Constitution legally abolished the slavery.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.044．第44题There are more Catholics thatn Protestants in the US.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.045．第45题The Commonwealth of Nations includes all European countries.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.046．第46题Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language, called " Gaelic" .您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.047．第47题The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Welsh according to tradition.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.048．第48题The British media play an important role in shaping a national culture.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.049．第49题To advertise in a British newspaper, the only thing you have to worry about is the cost.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.050．第50题The game of golf was invented by the Scottish.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.051．第51题Horse racing is the true royal sport.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.052．第52题The president has the authority to appointfederal judges, and all such court appointment are subject to confirmation by the House of Representatives.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.053．第53题There is more violence in the US than in other industrialized countries.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.054．第54题The state of Hawaii is a big island in the central Pacific Ocean.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.055．第55题Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.056．第56题The Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.057．第57题According to the textbook, larger American universities are always better, and more desirable universities are always more expensive.您的答案：错误此题得分：1.058．第58题American university students have always liked to get degrees that are aimed at preparing them specifically for certain professions.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.059．第59题The anti-war teach-in by white students in Berkeley began the civil rights movement in the 1960s.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.060．第60题When the civil rights movement began,non-violent, direct action tactics like "sit-ins" and boycotts were he chief vehicle for social protest.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.061．第61题President Nixon' s administration was toppled because of the Watergate Affair.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.062．第62题In the 1960s, three groups - Afro-Americans, Asia Americans and women - were dissatisfied with their lives.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.063．第63题Hollywood films give the wrong impressions that all Americans are rich.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.064．第64题Thre are more than 100 Protestants sects in the US today.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.065．第65题Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.066．第66题It is commonly believed that Boxing Day involved the sport of boxing.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.067．第67题Britain has a written constitution like most countries.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.068．第68题In Britain, the process of state-building has been one of evolution rather than revoltuion, in contrast to France and the US.您的答案：正确此题得分：1.069．第69题In the UK, a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances.您的答案：正确题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.070．第70题According to the textbook, there are two major political parties in the UK.您的答案：错误题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.071．第71题Aristrocracy as a class no longer exists in the UK.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.072．第72题Northern Ireland is often called " Ulster" after an ancient Irish kingdom once existed in this area.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.073．第73题By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies in North America were ready to separate themselves from Europe.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.074．第74题The British state actively interferes with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.075．第75题All secondary schools in Britain are run and supervised by the government.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.076．第76题The Open Univeristy uses many non-traditional ways to teach students, such as TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, videos, and a network of study centers.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.077．第77题The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.078．第78题Scotland was unified with England through violent means.您的答案：错误题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.079．第79题One of the things that decides whether an applicant can be accepted by a college in the USis his/her scores on the Scholastic Aptitude Tests.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.080．第80题It takes at least four years to get a bachelor' s degree from an institution of higher education in the US.您的答案：正确题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0作业总得分：99.0。

第七单元测评(时间:120分钟满分:150分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What does the man suggest the woman do?A.Buy a new dress.B.Exchange the dress.C.Get the dress tailored.2.What are the speakers talking about?A.A birthday celebration.B.A fancy restaurant.C.A holiday plan.3.What did the woman do for Mary last night?A.She fixed Mary’s car.B.She gave Mary a phone call.C.She let Mary sleep in her house.4.Where do the speakers plan to go?A.The theatre.B.Their mom’s office.C.Their grandma’s house.5.Who will begin the lecture now?A.Prof.Brookings.dens.C.Dr.White.其次节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6.What did the woman do at the Media Camp?A.She learned poster design.B.She studied film-making.C.She wrote for a magazine.7.Why did the woman spend her holiday there?A.To visit her brother.B.To try something different.C.To work in the movie industry.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。

英语国家文化概况试题英语国家文化概况试题I.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)1.Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland,and Wales.(T)2.. Independent schools get money mainly through the privatesector and tuition rates, with some government support.(T)3.Britain is not a member of the NATO due to its disagreement withsome European countries in defense policy. (F)4.Britain has a written constitutions of the sort which most countrieshave.(F)5.Conservative party prefers policies that protect individual’srights.(T)6.New England was established by English puritans.(T)7.The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strong centralgovernment.(T)8.There are more Catholics than Protestants in the US. (F)9.Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials.(F)10.A mericans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be acandidate for public office. (F)II.Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question:1.Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic ofLondon?(d)a.The cultural centre.b.The business centre.c.The financial centre.d.The sports centre.2.Which of the following kings was executed in the civil war?(c)a.James I.b.James II.c.Charles I.d.Charles II.3.By whom is a “vote of no confidence” decided? (a)a.The House of Commons.b.The House of Lords.c.The two major parties.d.The Prime Minister.4.If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take theexamination called ______ (a)a.General Certificate of Education-Advanced.b.General Certificate of Secondary Education.c.the common entrance examination.d.General National Vocational Qualifications.5.How many counties are there in Northern Ireland? (b)a.26b.6c.32d.206.Which of the following statements was correct around the time ofAmerican Revolution?(a)a.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or theirdescendants.b.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with AmericanIndians.c.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with blacks.d.The American had the blood of English and their descendants only.7.Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?(b)a.The freedom of religion.b.The freedom of searching a person’s home by policec.The freedom of speech and of the press.d.The right to own weapons if one wishes8.The following were some of the characteristics of Protestantismexcept_____?(c)a.Challenging the authority of the Pope.b.Salvation through faith.c.Salvation through the church.d.Establishing a direct contact with God.9.The following were the founding fathers of the Americaexcept_____.(c)a.George Washingtonb.Thomas Jefferson.c.William Pann.d.Benjamin Franklin.10.T he expenditure on American public schools is guided or decided by_____.(d)a.Teachersb.Studentsc.Headmastersd.Boards of educationIII.Tell what you know about the following in your own words?1.The House of CommonsAnswer: the House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.2.The importance of general electionsAnswer: General elections are very important in western democracy. They provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders.3.Class system in British societyAnswer: The class system does exist in British society. Most of the British population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class, though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower middle-class .classdivisions are not simply economic, they are cultural aswell. One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited.4.Independent schools of the UKAnswer: Independent schools are commonly called public schools which are actually private schools that receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government assistance. Independent schools are the part of national education system in the UK.5.The CommonwealthAnswer: The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up mostly of former British colonies. Many of them are developing countries like India; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up asa forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support net work.6.The Declaration of IndependenceAnswer: The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 4, 1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.7.The Bill of Rights of the USAnswer: The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791. The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.8.Three Faiths in the USAnswer: Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish. In terms of numbers, the Protestants are the strongest, the Catholics are next the Protestants and Jewish are the smallest among the three groups.9.High education of the USAnswer: In America, high education refers to education on the collegelevel. American higher education includes four categories of institutions,. They are the university, the four-year undergraduate institution (the college), the technical training institution and the two-year or community college. Some are supported by public funds and some by private funds.10.T he Cold WarAnswer: By the end of WWII, the United States, which had not suffered as much as other allied countries, became the strongest country in the world. As the possessor of atomic tombs and much of the world’s gold reserve and industrial production in its hand, the policy-makers of the US wanted a world order dominated by the US, a world market free and open to American goods and services. In pursuing this goal, the US encountered determined resistance from the Soviet Union. Gradually the two wartime allies fell apart and the Cold War began.IV.Questions for consideration (此部分没有标准答案，是发挥题，写出要点即可)1.“British history has been a history of invasion.” Please illustrate thispoint with the examples. How each of the invasions influence English culture?Main points: 4invasions :Roman Empire, Angles and Saxon,Vikings and Normans2.What are the three big parties in the UK? What are some of thesimilarities and dissimilarities between the three parties?Main points: the Conservative party , the Labor party and the Liberal Democrats3.What is the Open University in Britain? What do you think of thissystem?Main points: the open university offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree. People can register without having any formal educational qualifications. They follow university courses through textbooks, TV, radio broadcasts, a network of study centers net and other ways.4.In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?5.What are some of the major powers of each of the three branchesof the US government? How are the three branches supposed to check and balance each other?6.What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss thesimilarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.7.What is the relationship between government and religion inAmerican?8.What is the US containment policy? Is it successful? Illustrate yourpoint with facts.注：这部分论述题答案是open的，有一些是根据课本内容要求学生分析并写出自己的观点，没有标准答案。

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandA complicated country with a complicated nameThe full name of the country: The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland（大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国）It includes 4 parts within the one nation state: the island of Great Britain is made up of England, Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland.A complicated name:•Britain•The United Kingdom the shortened names•The UK•British Isles:Great Britain or Britain: EnglandScotlandWalesNorthern IrelandIreland: northern part (1/6) and the Republic of Ireland (the only land border)The map of BritainUnion Jack（英国国旗）The flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is sometimescalled the Union Jack.Population distribution:Britain has a population of about 60 millions (World No. 22) and it is very unevenly distributed. 90% of the population is urban and only 10% is rural. The population of Britain is made up mainly of the English (81.5%), the Scottish (9.6%), the Welsh (1.9%), the Irish (2.4%), the Northern Irish (1.8%) and other peoples (2.8%).Land Area: 244,820 square kilometers (World No. 78)Political system：constitutional monarchy （君主立宪制）Head of State: King: Elizabeth IIHeads of Government: Prime Minister:David CameronWhy do people always think that the Britain is a multiracial（多民族的）society?A multiracial society: different immigrants with different culture, a different class –economic difference between north and south.A significant role of London:London:London is the largest city located in the south of the UK. It is the capital of the country. It is a huge weight in Britain’s economic and cultural life. So it's dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. It's the cultural and business centre and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain's big companies. It is the home to all the major newspapers, TV stations, and with far and away the widest selection of galleries, theatres and museums, it’s not only the financial centre of the nation,but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world.（New York, Hong Kong）Class system in British societyClass system is more important in the UK than in other countries. About half the British population would claim themselves to be middle-class and half working class. However, there are subdivisions: those unskilled office-workers and skilled well-paid manual workers are called lower middle-class and doctors and lawyers and so on who have relatively high incomes and high status profession is called upper middle-class. Class divisions are not simply economic; they are cultural as well. People of different classes may differ in the kind of newspaper they read, in the way they speak and in the kind of education they receive. One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that it retains a hereditary aristocracy(世袭贵族).British society is often seen as a society in which "class" is more important than in other countries. This is true to a certain extent in that there exist broad groups within society which share types of employment, income levels, and certain cultural characteristics But important the idea of "class" is that it makes a difference to an individual's "life-chances" which group or class he or she is born into. So if a middle-class couple (perhaps a doctor and a teacher) have a child it is more likely that that child will also acquire middle-class education, employment and income levels, than will the child of working-class factory workers. This is certainly the case in the UK, though it should be stressed that it is far from impossible for the working-class child to acquire middle-class status: alt is simply statistically much more unlikely than for his middle-class school-friend.If asked, about half the British population would describe themselves as middle-class,and half as working-class. Employment would be the main guide they would use: manual (or blue-collar") workers would usually call themselves working-class and office (or "white collar'') workers would usually call themselves middle-class. However there is a hazy area around unskilled office-work and skilled well-paid manual work which leads to sub-divisions such as "lower middle-class" being used; and the term "upper middle-class" might be used to describe doctors and lawyers and so on who have relatively high incomes and high-status professions especially in families with long traditions of such employment? This would differentiate them from the majority of middle-class people today, most of whom have working class parents or grand-parents. This reflects the huge expansion of the middle-class over the twentieth century, and especially since 1945, when more equal social policies were adopted by the government.How does the British climate influence characters of English people?Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather. This statement, often made by Englishmen to describe the peculiar meteorological( [,mi:tiərə'lɔdʒikəl] 气象的) conditions of their country, is both revealing and true. It is revealing because in it we see the Englishman insisting once again that what happens in England is not the same as what happens elsewhere.In no country other than England, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day!In England one can experience almost every kind of weather except the most extreme. The snag（障碍）is that we never can be sure when the different types of weather will occur. This uncertainty about the weather has had a definite effect upon the Englishman’s character; it tends to make him cautious. The foreigner may laugh when hesees the Englishman setting forth on a brilliantly sunny morning wearing a raincoat and carrying an umbrella, but he may well regret his laughter later in the day! The English weather has also helped to make the Englishman adaptable. It has been said that one of the reasons why the English colonized so much of the world was that, whatever the weather conditions they met abroad, they had already experienced something like them at home!How do you describe the land features of Great Britain?The United Kingdom is bordered on the south by the English Channel, which separates it from the continent of Europe. It is bordered on the east by the North Sea and on the west by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. The United Kingdom’s only land border with another nation is between Northern Ireland and Ireland. It can be divided into two majornatural regions-the highland zone and the lowland zone. The highland zone is an area of high hills and mountains in the north and west. Wales, Scotland, and parts of England are located in the highland zone. The parts of England in the highland zone include the Pennine Chain（奔宁山脉）of mountains, extending down into northern England and into the southwestern peninsula. The Pennine Chain is sometimes called the backbone of England. The lowland one in the south and east consists mostly of rolling plains （波状平原）. The zones are divided by an imaginary line running through England from the River Exe（埃克斯河）on the southwest coast to the mouth of the River Tees（蒂斯河）on the northeast coast.The lowland zone has a milder climate and better soils for farming. Historically, most people in Britain have lived in the lowland zone rather than in the harsher highland zone. The metropolis of London and most ofBritain's large cities are located in the lowland zone.Since Britain has a moist climate with much rainfall, rivers and lakes are numerous. The Thames（泰晤士河）and the Severn（塞文河）are the longest rivers in Britain and are almost equal in length. The Severn flows south out of the mountains of central Wales to the Bristol Channel（布里斯托儿海峡）at Bristol. The Thames provides water to the city of London and is used to carry commercial freight.Great Britain's coastline is highly irregular, with many bays and inlets（水湾）that provide harbors and shelters for ships and boats. Coastal made involving ships sailing along the coast has been carded（整治）on since ancient times. The Western coast is characterized by cliffs and rocky headlands （岬）What are the main characters of Britishcountryside?Although Britain is quite small and has a large population, there are still a lot of fields and trees between towns, and even from the biggest cities it's not difficult to get to the countryside.Much of the countryside is of course farmland but there are often paths through the fields, called public footpaths. There is also plenty of wilder country you can get to, and much of this is in National Parks and National Forest Parks.Something you may notice about the British countryside is that in many areas it changes a lot in a short distance. In fact, the changing view is one of the nicest things about traveling through Britain.Northern Ireland has first-class golf courses（高尔夫球场）and places for fishing, walking and water sports. Castles, cottages, places where famous people have lived, things built before history was written and houseswhere things are kept as they were in the past. If you’re interested in churches, there are thousands of all kinds, from cathedrals（大教堂）to little country churches.Environmental protectionEnvironmental protection is an important issue in the United Kingdom. As a highly populated and technologically advanced nation grows, the environment suffers. The United Kingdom, along with other prospering nations, has contributed funds and expertise toward global efforts to preserve the environment. In 1997, 20.5% of the United Kingdom was protected by national parks, regional parks, and smaller protected areas.Britain has become an urbanized nation. The cities played very important role in the development of economy.Race1. majority of recent immigrants: South Asia—India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka and Caribbean countries—Jamaica and Trinidad (特立尼达岛)2. Effects--- Positive: has greatly enriched British culture—food, music, writings, religion--- Negative: ethnic relations have tensed: the local people view the newcomers as a threat to their way of living; and despite much official action to minimize racism, both subtle and overt oppression remains. The immigrant population is not well-off economically. They face problems of unemployment, under-representation（代表性不足）in politics and unfair treatment by police and justice system.HousingI. the similarities between the UK and the US, between UK and the rest of Europe1. Like the housing system in the US and thewealthy English-speaking commonwealth, the UK has a very high proportion of owner occupation, which means that the people own the house they live in. (in the UK, 65% of the homes are owner-occupied)2. Like the more socially-oriented societies of the rest of Europe, the UK has a large scale provision of public housing.(与较为重视义务的其他欧洲国家有一个共同之处：大规模提供公共住宅)Owner-occupation（业主自住）It means that people own the homes they live in. The UK has a very high proportion of owner-occupation –about 65% of the homes are owner-occupied. This is a higher proportion than in most of Europe.II. 4 main types of British home---flats（公寓）: usually in modern multi-storey purpose-built buildings(多层住宅楼). They are often publicly owned and not usuallyregarded as the most desirable kind of home. But certain large flats fashionable areas may be high status and very expensive.---terraced houses（一排连起来的房子）: refer to those individual two-storey houses built joining on to each other at each side in a terrace or row. They often have two rooms downstairs and two bedrooms upstairs, plus a small kitchen and bathroom in a projection (突出部分) at the back. These kinds of houses are most common in inner-city areas.---the “semi” (semi-detached houses两户相连的住宅): a semi-detached house is joined to another house only on one side, so that they stand together in pairs. This kind of house usually has two floors, with a small garden at the front, a larger one at the back and a garage at the side. They first became popular in the 1920s and 30s. These kinds of houses are usually found in suburban areas.---detached houses（独立式住宅）: the most desirable houses for the British people to livein. They usually stand alone with garden on all sides separating them a little from their neighbours. It might be one-storey house, called bungalow (带走廊的平房:an Indian word) or two. Theses houses are usually built in the suburban areas.* Many unremarkable, dull-looking, houses from the front might conceal a well-tended, flower-filled back-garden. (许多从前面看上去不显眼，甚至毫无特色的房子，也许屋后就藏着一个料理得很好，种满了花草的后院). The garden is often fenced, or marked off with high hedges, which may reflect a greater desire for privacy.Character and manner1. English reserve(1) English reserve is the best known quality of the British, and in particular of the English, to other Europeans.(2) The English are on the whole reserved: they do not talk very much to strangers, do notshow much emotion, and seldom get excited.(3) This reluctance to communicate with others is an unfortunate quality in some ways, since it tends to give the impression of coldness. People of the North and West, especially the Welsh, are much less reserved than those of the South and East.2. English modesty(1) English modesty is a quality closely related to English reserve.(2) Within their heart, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty.(3) Self- praise is felt to be ill-bred, and the English are typical of self-deprecation.3. English sense of humor(1) English sense of humor is a quality that is similar to English modesty. Its starting point is self-deprecation（自嘲，过分谦虚）, and itsgreat enemy is conceit.(2) Its ideal is to laugh at oneself--at one’s own faults, one's own failures and embarrassments, even at one's own ideals.(3) It is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes. This attitude is never cruel or disrespectful or malicious.4. English sportsmanship(1) Sportsmanship is an English ideal that is highly valued in Britain.(2) Sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosity to one's opponent and good temper in defeat.(3) Sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. This is proved by the number of sporting terms used in ordinary speech.Questions for thought and Answers：1.To other Europeans, what is the best known quality of the British, and of theEnglish in particular?To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British and of the English in particular, is "reserve".2. What is a reserved person supposed to be?A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does nor show much emotion, and seldom gets excited.3. Why is it difficult to get to know a reserved person?Because a reserved person never tells you anything about himself and you may work with him for years without even knowing where he lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are.4. What is the general attitude toward loud speech in Britain?Loud speech is considered ill-bred in Britain.5. What impression does the reluctance of the English to communicate with othersgive? What is the reality?The reluctance to communicate with others tends to give the impression of coldness, and it is true that the English (except perhaps in the North) are not noted for their generosity and hospitality. On the other hand, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down.6. Who are less reserved in Britain?People of the North and West, especially the Welsh, are much less reserved than those of the South and East.7. What is the quality closely related to English reserve?Closely related to English reserve is English modesty.8. What is the general attitude towards self-praise in Britain?Self-praise is felt to be ill-bred in Britain.9. What impression does the Englishself-deprecation, mixed with their reserve, produce?The English self-deprecation, mixed with their reserve, often produces a sort of general air of indifference which appears to foreigners as a pose, difficult to understand and irritating.10. What is the starting point of the English sense of humor? What is its great enemy?The starting point of the English sense of humour is self-deprecation, .and its great enemy is conceit.11. What is the ideal of the English sense of humour?The ideal of the English sense of humour is the ability to laugh at oneself at one's own faults, one's own failure and embarrassment, even at one's own ideal.12. What is sportsmanship?Sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat.13. Whom does the middle class consist of?The middle class consists chiefly of well-to do business men and professional people of all kinds.14. Who does the working class consists of?The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers15. What is the most obvious difference between the working class and the middle classThe most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class is their accent.16. What kind of accent do middle-class people use? What is the characteristic of the accents used by typical Working-class people?Middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of "received pronunciation（标准发音）" which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils, while typical working-class people speak inmany different local accents which are generally felt to be uneducated.17. Why is it almost impossible to describe an English family in general?The concept of the English family is an elastic（有弹性的，灵活的）one. Their languages are different, and their wealth and class origins are also different.18. How do you understand "Marriage signifies the beginning of a new and independent family "?-- British society is based on family life and the family y is a self-contained（独立的，设备齐全的）economic and social unit with mother, father and children living together alone in their own house. So marriage signifies the beginning of a new and independent family.19. How do the newly weds solve the problem of housing?1) They look through advertisements to find a house for rent.2) They may mortgage a house through a building society（建房互助协会）.3) If they have enough money they may buy a house, but this seldom happens.20. What is the first course of an English lunch? Do you think it similar or different from the Chinese way of serving food?The first course of an English lunch is a small quantity of soup. It is different from the Chinese way of serving food. In China this is usually the last course.21. What clothes does an English man wear in winter? When does an English woman wear trousers instead of a skirt?-- In winter an English man usually wears a woolen pullover（套衫）, a suit or a jacket with trousers of different color, grey trousers and dark jacket are especially common in Britain. An English woman wears trousers instead of skirt mainly for casual wear（休闲服，便装）.Explain the following terms:1. London Cockney（伦敦腔，方言）: it is a dialect spoken by some Londoners.2. Newlywed（新婚夫妇）：It refers to a man or usually a woman who has recently married.3. "Going steady"（结成关系稳定的情侣）: It means that the relation between a young man and a girt becomes steady. So they are going to marry, and they will meet their parents to tell the news.4. Mortgage a house（按揭）: It means to get a house by mortgage. The person who mortgages a house must pay back a little of the loan on the house each month. If they pay off the debt in certain period, they will become the owner of the house. If not they will lose the house.5. Corporal punishment（体罚）: It is the punishment to the body, such as beating, whipping. In Britain corporal punishment is hardly used at home and sticks, whips are looked upon as a horror by most parents.。