翻译术语

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翻译基本理论术语
翻译的标准The criteria(standard)of translation
信达雅Fidelity(faithfulness) Fluency(expressiveness) Elegance(flair) 透彻的理解have a thorough understanding
准确的表达precise(accurate) expression
意译free (liberal) translation
直译literal translation
死译word-for-word translation
活译dynamic equivalence translation
重译repetition
增译(contextual) amplification
减译omission
词类转移conversion
词序调整inversion
分译division
正说反译/反说正译negation
语态变换the change of the voice
归化/异化Foreignizing/ Alienation; Domesticating/ Adaptation
对等equivalence
形式对等formal correspondence
动态(灵活)对等dynamic equivalence
意义对等equivalence in terms of meaning
风格对等equivalence in terms of style
意合Parataxis
形合Hypotaxis
欠额翻译(过载翻译)under translation (overloaded translation)
校核rectification
释义paraphrase
翻译学translatology
翻译科学science of translating
神似be alike in spirit (be an excellent likeness)
化镜sublimity (perfection)
已入化境reach(attain) perfection
和谐harmonious
和谐一致in perfect harmony
不仅形似而且神似be alike not only in appearance(form) but also in spirit
宁信而不雅It is better to be faithful than to be elegant
宁顺而不信,宁信而不顺
It is better to have a smooth version than a faithful one
Rather be faithful (in thought) than smooth (in language)
保持原文的丰姿keep the full flavor of the original work
忠实通顺Faithful(ness) and smooth(ness) (clear and coherent)
忠实的译文translation true to the original
忠实于原文true(faithful) to the original
句子不通the sentence doesn’t read smoothly
他的翻译通顺易懂his interpretation is coherent and intelligible
(泰特勒Tytler提出的)翻译三原则:1,译文应完整地再现原文的思想内容
That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work
2,译文的风格,笔调应与原文的性质相同
That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original 3,译文应象原文一样自然流畅
That the translation should have all the ease of the original composition
Generally speaking, a qualified translator should have
1, a good command of the source language
Absolute Translation 绝对翻译
Abstract Translation 摘要翻译
Abusive Translation 滥译
Acceptability 可接受性
Accuracy 准确
Adaptation 改编
Adequacy 充分[性]
Adjustment 调整
Aesthetic-Poetic Translation 美学诗体翻译
Agent 经纪人
A. I. I. C 国际会议口译联合会International Association of Conference Interpreters Analogical Form 类同形式
Analysis 分析
Applied Translation Studies 应用翻译研究
Archaism/Archaicism 古词;废词
Audio-medial Texts 听觉媒介型文本
Automatic Translation 自动翻译
Autotranslation/Self Translation 自译
Babel, Tower of 巴别塔
Back-transformation 逆转换
Back Translation 回译
Bilateral interpreting 双边传译
Bilingual Corporal 双语语料库
Bi-text 双文本
Blank Spaces 空位
Blank Verse Translation 无韵体翻译
Borrowing 借用
Calque/Loan Translation 仿造
CAT (Computer-aided Translation/ Computer-assisted Translation) 计算机辅助翻译
Category Shift 范畴转换
Chuchotage 耳语传译
Class Shift 词类转换
Close Translation 贴近翻译
Coherence 连贯
Commission 委托
Communication Load 传意负荷(又名Information Load 信息负荷)
Communicative Translation 传意翻译;交际翻译(又名Communicative Approach [传意途径;交际途径])
Community interpreting 社群传译(又名Dialogue Interpreting [对话传译] 、Public Service Interpreting [公共服务传译])
Commutation 对换
Compensation 补偿
Competence 能力
Componential Analysis成分分析
Computer-aided Translation 计算机辅助翻译(又名Computer-assisted Translation;简称CAT)Concordance 一致性
Comprehensive Theory 综合理论
Conference Interpreting 会议传译
Consecutive interpreting 接续传译
Constitutive Translational Conventions 建构性翻译常规
Content-derivative Form 派生内容的形式(又名Organic Form [有机形式])
Content-focused Texts 重内容文本
Contextual consistency 语境一致
Controlled Language 受控语言
Conventions 常规
Corpora 语料[库](单数为Corpus)
Correspondence 对应
Correspondences, Hierarchy of 对应层级
Court Interpreting 法庭传译
Covert Translation 隐型翻译
Cross-temporal Theories of Translation 跨时翻译理论Cross-temporal Translation 跨时翻译
Creative Transposition 创造性转换
Creative Treason 创造性叛逆
Cultural Approach 文化途径
Cultural Translation 文化翻译
Cultural Transplantation 文化移植
Cultural Transposition 文化置换。