2013年学位英语考试真题Part I Reading ComprehensionPassage1Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways.The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society.There are more ideas,more disagreements in interest,and more groups and organizations with different beliefs.In addition,there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies.All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways,there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same.And although conditions may not be satisfactory,they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society,social changes is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material,for example,in technology rather than in values;in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early;in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites;in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones;in form rather than in substance;and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.1.The passage is mainly discussing________.A.the necessity of social changeB.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occurC.different types of social change in two different societies and in different aspects.D.certain factors that promote social change2._____is NOT one of the factors that tend to promote social change.A.Greater worldly interestB.Different points of viewC.Greater toleranceD.Advanced technology3.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?A.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.B.Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.C.Social change is less likely to occur in the material aspect of society.D.Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.4.The expression"greater tolerance"(Para.1)refers to_______.A.greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideasB.quicker adaptation to changing circumstancesC.more respect for different beliefs and behaviorD.greater willingness to accept social change5.Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because_______.A.people there have identical needs and they are satisfied with everything.B.people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessaryto changeC.people there are easy to pleaseD.people there are less disappointedPassage2Traditionally,universities have carried out two main activities:research and teaching.Many experts would argue that both these activities play a critical role in serving the community.The fundamental question,however,is:how does the community want or need to be served?In recent years universities have been coming under increasing pressure from both the governments and the public to ensure that they do not remain“ivory towers”(象牙塔)of study separated from the realities of everyday life.University teachers have been encouraged,and in some cases constrained(强逼),to provide more courses which produce graduates with the technical skills required for the commercial use.79)If Aristotle wanted to work in a university in the UK today,he would have a good chance of teaching computer science but would not be so readily employable as a philosopher.A post-industrial society requires large numbers of computer programmers,engineers, managers and technicians to maintain and develop its economic growth but“man”,as the Bible says,“does not live by bread alone.”80)Apart from requiring medical and social services,which do not directly contribute to economic growth,the society should also value and enjoy literature, music and the arts.In these cost-conscious times,it has even been pointed out in justification for the funding of the arts that they can be useful money earners.A successful musical play,for instance,can contribute as much to the Gross National Product through tourist dollars as any other things.6.What is the main ides of the passage?A.Traditional universities only cared about research and teaching.B.Universities must meet the needs of the community.C.Research and teaching are no longer important in universities.D.Universities play an important role in our society.7.According to the second paragraph,which of the following statements is TRUE?A.The society is not satisfied with the current college education.B.The governments ask too much from colleges.C.Teachers are forced to do what they don’t like to do.D.University teachers like to provide practical courses.8.The author quoted Aristotle as an example in order to show that___________.A.he could still be an excellent teacher if he were aliveB.abstract courses like philosophy are no longer popularC.philosophy should be cut off from university curriculumD.philosophers had better know computer science9.According to the passage,literature,music and the arts_____________.A.are totally uselessB.are not good for economic developmentC.can also promote economic developmentD.are of less importance compared to some practical courses10.The author believes that_________.A.man can live by bread aloneB.arts cannot be useful money earnersC.universities should only teach technical skillsD.arts and technical skills are both important for the society’s developmentPassage3Our minds may wander during boring tasks because daydreaming is actually the brain's normal state,rather than a pointless distraction,according to a new U.S.study.The researchers,reporting their findings today in the U.S.journal,Science,found that daydreaming could be the result of the brain thinking over important—but not immediately relevant—issues when the external environment ceases to pose interesting and engaging problems.“For the most part psychologists have sort of assumed that we spend most of our time engaged in goal-directed thought and that,every so often,we have blips(光点)of irrelevant thoughts that pop up on the radar,”said Malia Mason of Harvard University.“However,it could very well be the case that most of the time we are engaged in less directed,unintended thought and that this state is routinely interrupted by periods of goal-directed thought."Daydreaming or mind-wandering is more precisely defined as a state of mind where thoughts that are experienced by an individual are unrelated to what is going on in the environment around them,according to Mason.When wandering,the brain flits from one thought to the next, generating images,voices,thoughts and feelings.When deciding how best to encourage daydreaming in order to study it,the researchers recognized that our minds often wander while we are engaged in familiar tasks,such as making a sandwich,because we don't need to concentrate on it.They trained study subjects to become proficient on certain tasks so that their minds would be able to wander when they performed them, but would have to concentrate when given something new.11.According to the new US study mentioned in the passage,daydream happens when___________.A.the brain thinks over important but temporarily irrelevant thingsB.the external environment stops posing interesting and engaging problemsC.the brain generates images,voices,thoughts and feelingsD.both A and B.12.According to Mason,we spend most of our time engaged in___________.A.goal-directed thoughtB.less directed and unintended thoughtC.very important thoughtD.none of the above13.In order to study daydream,researchers___________.A.encourage study subjects to daydreamB.ask study subjects to make sandwichesC.train study subjects to become proficient on certain tasksD.help study subjects concentrate on certain tasks14.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to this passage?A.Daydream is a meaningless distraction away from the brain’s normal state.B.Daydream researchers find that one cannot concentrate on familiar tasks.C.During daydreaming,thoughts flash through the brain one after another,producing imagesand voices and feelings.D.Mason shares the same opinion with most psychologists.15.The passage is most probably from_____________.A.a science magazineB.a medical textbookC.a personal letterD.a government documentPassage4Believe it or not(信不信由你)，optical illusion(错觉)can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point(恰当的例子).It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly75percent using a simple optical illusion.Bent stripes，called chevrons(人字形)painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are，and thus drivers slow down(放慢).Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan's success.Starting next year,the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in(起重要作用)as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents,according to the foundation.To help reduce those accidents，the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed--related hazards are the greatest--curves，exit slopes，traffic circles，and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight，horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half.However，traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to(习惯于)seeing the painted bars.Chevrons，scientists say，not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower.The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.16.The passage mainly discusses______.A)a new way of highway speed control B)a new pattern for painting highwaysC)a new approach to training drivers D)a new type of optical illusion17.On roads painted with chevrons,drivers tend to feel that______.A)they should avoid speed-related hazards B)they are driving in the wrong laneC)they should slow down their speed D)they are approaching the speed limit18.The advantage of chevrons over straight，horizontal bars is that the former______.A)can keep drivers awake B)can cut road accidents in halfC)will have a longer effect on drivers D)will look more attractive19.The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to______.A)try out the Japanese method in certain areasB)change the road signs across the countryC)replace straight，horizontal bars with chevronsD)repeat the Japanese road patterns20.What does the author say about straight，horizontal bars painted across roads?A)They are falling out of use in the United States.B)They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.C)They are applicable only on broad roads.D)They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.Part II Vocabulary and Structure21.Universities generally______their students from among the high school graduates.A.provideB.chooseC.selectD.receive22.Do you________to know Mr.Cooper’s telephone number and mail address?A.offerB.happenC.seemD.feel23.We want the committee to_______the details of the plan.A.look forB.give upC.break downD.work out24.I talked about the things and persons________we remembered at college.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whom25.We could see the stars________well from the top of the mountain.A.clearlyB.generallyC.fairlyD.closely26.When we have dinner very late we don’t wash up________the next morning.A.beforeB.inC.atD.till27.The computer doesn’t work well,so something__________wrong.A.can have goneB.ought to have goneC.must have goneD.should have gone28.The nation as a whole cannot become rich_______the peasants are relatively well off.A.ifB.beforeC.thoughD.unless29.You’ll have to______your ticket no later than five o’clock tomorrow afternoon.A.pick upB.take upC.put outD.take over30.Pictures of products with their descriptions and prices will appear on the TV_______.A.setB.screenD.machine31.__________he came to have such a valuable painting is a mystery.A.HowB.ThatC.WhatD.Which32.In my opinion,most people in that country________sports,especially football.A.are expert withB.show interest ofC.are fond forD.go in for33.I am sorry that I am not in a__________to help you right now.A.responsibilityB.positionC.powerD.skill34.Our new house is very__________,for I can get to my office in five minutes.fortableB.pleasantC.convenientD.available35.The audience stood and__________at the end of the performance.A.welcomedB.clappedC.wavedD.celebrated36.Hardly_________how I passed the interview.A.I can understandB.understand I canC.can understand ID.can I understand37.When the fog got thicker the search for the missing man was__________.A.called atB.called upC.called onD.called off38.He had two daughters,Alice and Sarah,the__________of whom married an archaeologist.A.youngB.formerC.elderlyD.old39.We had a party last week,and it was a lot of fun,so let’s have_________one.A.moreB.the otherC.otherD.another40.We arranged to meet at the station but she did not_________.A.break upB.turn upC.bring upD.set up41.A good many proposals were raised by the delegates,______was to be expected.A.thatB.whatC.soD.as42.The manager urged his staff not to_______the precious opportunity.A.dropB.missC.escapeD.slide43._________I admire David as a poet,I do not like him as a man.A.Much asB.Only ifC.If onlyD.As muchst year Mike earned_________his brother,though his brother has a better position.A.twice as much asB.twice as many asC.twice thanD.twice as more as45.If you suspect that illness might be serious,you should not________going to the doctor.A.pick outB.make outC.put offD.give off46.I was just coming out of the sea after a swim__________I stepped on a sharp stone and cut my foot.A.whenB.asC.thenD.while47.I want to buy a new tie to__________my brown suit.A.agree withB.wearC.matchD.keep with48.How nice to see you again!You should have told me you_________.A.are comingB.were comingC.will comeD.have come49.Would you be__________to lend me your bike tomorrow morning?A.as kind asB.very kind asC.so kind asD.very kind as50.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_______he or she wants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever51.My parents had__________send their six children to top colleges and graduate schools.A.handled withB.attended toC.coped withD.managed to52.He was never_________of experimenting with different ways of planting his crops.A.wornB.tireC.wearD.tired53.In the experiment we kept a watchful eye__________the developments and recorded every detail.A.inB.atC.forD.on54.The old man eventually had a happy family reunion after forty________years living in Taiwan.A.aloneB.lonelyC.soleD.single55.Ever since the Smiths moved to the suburbs a year ago,they__________better health.A.could have enjoyedB.had enjoyedC.have been enjoyingD.are enjoying56.The volcano that raised the islands are still_______places.A.inactiveB.enormousC.energeticD.lively57.I left for the office earlier than usual this morning______traffic jam．A.in line withB.in case ofC.for the sakeD.at the risk of58.Observations were made________the children at the beginning and at the end of pre-school and first grade.A.towardsB.ofC.onD.with59.Can you do our work better with________money and_______people?A.lesser;fewerB.less;fewerC.little;lessD.few;less60.They are very jealous_______his reputation.A.ofB.atC.forD.againstPart III Cloze(10minutes,10points)Every place is different.That is61makes geography（地理学）so interesting.It62us to new places,to different ways of living,to new ways of thinking about the world.Indeed,it shows us new ways of thinking about ourselves in our environment（环境）.Like travel,it is63.It gives us new experiences（经历）and broaden（扩展）our understanding.In comparing the study of geography to travel,we should also note the importance of maps.Like the vacationing motorist（自驾游者）,geographers feel much more comfortable with a good map. Maps are among the most important tools of the64trade.The ability to read and use maps is a65 skill,one that you will need for driving,reading the newspaper,and doing many jobs.The study of geography will help you to improve your map reading skills.But that is only the beginning.The real value of geography is66it will give you a special way of67at the world.A geographical outlook（观点）can help you understand68,your neighbors,and the world.It can make you sensitive（敏感的）69your environment and excited enough to really care.People with knowledge and concern(关怀)can70our world a better place to live in.61.A)what B)that C)which D)all62.A)sends B)teaches C)introduces D)transfers63.A)disappointing B)tiring C)boring D)exciting64.A)geographer B)geographers C)geography's D)geographer's65.A)simple B)difficult C)basic D)rare66.A)because B)that C)whether D)what67.A)getting B)working C)glancing D)looking68.A)oneself B)you C)one D)yourself69.A)against B)for C)to D)with70.A)turn B)make C)design D)improvePart IV Translation71、当提到我父母时，她的脸上露出了认出我的笑容。
