膝关节镜手术的术后护理PPT课件
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Learn General Secretary on "two to learn a" strengthening "four Consciousnesses" important speech caused a strong reaction in the country. ime, watching "red treasure", the origin of building the party back to power, how to strengthen services for the masses, improve party cohesion, fighting to become the grass-roots party members and masses hot topic. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to strengthen the service of party members and cadres, the pioneer spirit. Distribution of grass-roots party organizations in all walks of people, clothing, shelter, which belongs to the nerve endings of the party organization and comments reputation has a direct perception of the masses. Strengthen the party ahead of the "pedal" spirit; strengthen the party members and cadres "success does not have to be me" and "the first to bear hardships, the last to" service spirit to set the party's positive image among the people is important. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to cleanse alpeople not happy not to see "stereotypes", establish the honest faithful, diligent faith for the people. No need to avoid mentioning that, some members of our party can not stand the "money," corrosion of temptation, thin, Xu Zhou, such abuse and corrupt bribery, malfeasance borers, and rats. Two, is to clean up, thin, Xu, Zhou's solution to restore the party's fresh and natural, solid and honest work style. Cleansing "take, eat, card," undesirable and behaviour, "cross, hard and cold, push" attitude. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to strengthen the sense of ordinary party members, participating in consciousness, unity consciousness. For reasons known, members of grass-roots party branches less mobile, less resources, and the construction of party organizations have some lag. Two studies, is to focus on the grass-roots party branches "loose, soft, loose" problem, advance the party members and cadres, "a gang working", "Hong Kong report." Strong cleanup actions, styland rambling, presumptuous "unqualified" party members, pays special attention to party members and cadres "joining party of thought" problem. "Party building" is obtained in the long-term development of our party's historical experience accumulated. Two is our party under the new historical conditions, strengthen the party's construction of a new "rectification movement." Grass-roots party organizations should always catch the hard work, results-oriented. Two educational outcomes are long-term oriented and become an important impetus for the work. "Two" should have three kinds of consciousness "two" study and education, basic learning lies in the doing. Only the Constitution address the series of party rules, and do solid work, be qualified party members had a solid ideological basis. Only the "learning" and "do" real unity, to form a "learn-learn-do-do" the virtuous cycle, and ultimately achieve the fundamental objective of education. This requires that the Organization
膝关节镜
学习计划:
1 膝关节概述
2膝关节临床解剖
3 膝关节专科检查
4关节镜适应症
5 手术流程及并发症
6术前及术后护理
7健康指导
1.概述:
关节镜是一种观察关节内部的直径5mm左右的棒状光学器械。
该器械从1970年开始推广应用。关节镜是通过很小的切口孔洞,将具有照明的透镜金属管插入关节腔内,在关节的内部将图像在监视器上放大,观察关节内的病变情况,因此比关节切开后肉眼观察的更准确,同时从另外的小切口孔,插入检查或手术的器械,在电视监视下进行全面检查和进行手术,是近年来才发展起来的高新技术。很多人认为关节镜检查照一下就可以完成,实际上是一种微创手术。
关节镜由于可看到关节内几乎所有的部位,因此比切开关节看的更全面;由于图像经过放大,比切开关节看的更准确;由于切口很小,创伤小,疤痕少,康复快,并发症少,有些情况下麻醉过后,即可下地活动,对患者增强战胜疾病的信心大有好处。对关节疑难病症的确诊,对困扰患者多年的伤痛,往往能取得立竿见影的效果。概括的讲,是一边检查,一边手术,检查、治疗同时进行。
关节镜并不能完全替代关节切开手术,因为仍有部分伤病只能通过切开关节才能解决,像非常严重的骨关节病,需要进行全膝关节置换术,严重的膝关节结核需要切开关节融合,滑膜特别肥厚等都需要切开关节。另一方面在适于关节镜手术的伤病有时由于种种原因仍需切开关节手术或关节镜手术与切开手术相结合才能彻底解决问题。
2.解剖:
髌骨
直径: 30-55mm,厚度:19-26mm,关节面覆盖的关节软骨有4-5mm厚。
髌骨成三角形,前面粗糙,供股四头肌和髌韧带附着,后面分关节面和非关节面两部分。非关节面为髌骨下极,占髌骨总高度1/4。关节面被中央嵴分为两部分,外侧约占2/3。根据膝关节屈曲的程度,髌骨与股骨关节面的上面呈不同程度的接触。它是在股四头肌发育中形成的种子骨,从力学上分析它更增强了股四头肌的功能。第二个作用是保护膝关节的前面。骸骨的特殊形状,很可能随着外力对它的作用而改变,在先天性骸骨脱位时,它的形状也可能有改变(Green和wau8h,1968)。如图所示
膝关节镜检术患者健康教育
(一)简介
膝关节镜检术是关节镜微创外科的重要组成部分。 也是最早应用。较为成熟的骨科与运动创伤外科手术技术。
(二)健康指导
1.术前指导
(1)手术前禁食8小时,禁饮水4小时,防止术中因呕吐引起窒息或吸入性肺炎。
(2)请配合护士做好备皮、备血、药物过敏试验,有利于您手术的正常进行。
(3)如服用特殊药物,请提前告知麻醉医师及管床医生。
(4)进行股四头肌功能锻炼以增强肌力。
2.术后指导
(1)为了观察您的病情,请配合护士做好生命体征的测量。
(2)术后去枕平卧6小时。患肢用软枕抬高 15°~30°,外展
10°~20°中立位,关节适当屈曲,可使膝关节处于松弛状态,利于血液回流,以减轻术后切口疼痛及患肢肿胀。
(3)若您觉得患肢血运、皮肤温度、神经感觉、踝及足趾活动情况较差,请及时告知医护人员给予相应处理。
3.功能锻炼指导(根据病情,征求主治医生的意见下,逐步完成以下方案) (1)术后6小时麻醉消退后,在病情允许情况下,遵医嘱开始进行膝关节伸屈活动和股四头肌锻炼,一般采用 CPM做功能锻炼。
(2)待股四头肌肌力恢复达一定程度后,方能负重和行走。
膝关节镜手术护理常规
1.0 g 的
1.1关节镜下膝关节冲洗。关节镜下清除关节腔内治病
因子,关节镜下清理由关节磨损所产生的骨、软骨碎屑。
1.2关节镜下进行滑膜切除。主要适用于反复关节积液、
类风湿关节炎、骨性关节炎、强直性脊柱炎患者。
1.3关节镜下关节软骨损伤的处理。
1.4关节镜下游离体取出。
1.5关节镜下半月板修整。
1.6关节镜下骨赘切除。适应对屈伸有直接影响的骨赘
或活动接近于脱落的骨赘。
1.7关节镜下繰间窝成型。适应增生导致礫间窝狭小的
病例。
2.0适应症
2.1膝关节诊断性检查术:包括对临床诊断不明确的膝
关节紊乱的检查、关节内病变的活检、开放手术前的诊断证
实、全膝关节置换或单腔室骨关节炎胫骨高位截骨手术的术
前评价等,以获取直观的病情资料;
2.2半月板或盘状软骨损伤和退变的全切除、次全切除、
部分切除、缝合和盘状软骨成形;
2.3各种不同类型滑膜炎,包括类风湿性关节炎等滑膜 病变的滑膜活检与滑膜切除;
2.4化脓性关节炎的关节清创与冲洗引流;
2.5膝关节结核的病灶清除;
2.6滑膜皱嬖综合征的皱嬖切除
2.7增生肥厚的脂肪垫切除;
2.8滑膜软骨瘤病及其他原因引起的关节内游离体或关
节内异物摘除;
2.9骨关节炎的关节冲洗和关节清理及软骨搔刮、钻孔
成形术;
2.10剥脱性骨软骨炎或关节内骨折的复位与内固定;
2.11交叉韧带损伤后的修复或重建手术;
2.12因離骨脱位或半脱位引起的離股关节病变行外侧 支持带松解及内侧支持带紧缩
缝合术;
2.13膝关节痛风的结晶体清除。
3.0禁忌症
3.1绝对禁忌症:①败血症;②关节活动明显受限,严
重的关节僵直,关节腔狭窄,不能配合检查;③凝血机制异
常者;④手术野皮肤有感染。
3.2相对禁忌症:①滑膜增生性炎症,关节极度肿胀而 浮離试验阴性,提示增生滑膜已填充关节腔,此时不易注水
膨胀,无法观察关节内结构,强行施关节镜检查可能造成关