江苏省南京三中高二英语《Unit 2 What is happiness to you》Grammar
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Unit 2 What is happiness to you
Grammar
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较
1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语
1）作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首)
To do first aid correctly, you have to study with a teacher.
In order not to waste electricity, we turned the light off.
Check your composition carefully so as to avoid mistakes. (so as to只能置于主句之后
[当堂练习]
1.为了早上多睡会，Bob把所有的闹钟都关了。
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2.为了提高雇员的工作效率，上司将允许他们有喝咖啡的休息时间。
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3.—Did the book give the information you needed?
—Yes. But ____ it, I had to read the entire book.(2008 北京）
A. to find B. find C. to be finding D. finding
4.______this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. （2006广东卷）
A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
2）原因：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surpried, disappointed. 不定式不放在句首。
如：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.
She wept to hear the news.
1.见到你我很高兴。_____________________________
2. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. （2008北京卷）
A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
3) 结果：常用only to do…来表示末曾预料到或令人不快的情况，其动作发生在谓语动作之后。
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.________________________________
He worked hard only to fail. _______________________________________
他匆匆忙忙的跑到车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。
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2. He hurried to the booking office only _________that all the tickets had been sold out. 06陕西卷） A. to tell
B. to be told C. telling D. told
注意：不定式做结果状语的固定搭配
① so …as to …
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?
② such (…) as to …
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
③ enough to …
The boy is old enough to go to school.
④ too … to …
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
too…to…句型并非都表示否定含义 （1）一般情况下，此结构表示“太…以致不能…”这一否定结构。
You are too young to go to school. _________________________________
The question is too difficult to answer.____________________________________
（2）当too前出现only, but, all等副词时，too…to…句型不再表示否定的意义，only(but, all) too…相当于really，too没有否定的含义，相当于very.
I am only too glad to receive your nice gift. _______________________________
We are but too eager to hear from you. ________________________________________
(3)当句型中的形容词是表示“难”“易”或表示某种心情的形容词，如ready, easy, glad, pleased等时，too作“十分，极其”解，表示肯定的意义。
She is too ready to help others. _________________________________
His mother is too easy to get angry. ________________________________
（4）never(not)+too…to…句型为“不会太…所以能…”之意。否定词never(not)与含否定意义的too…to…句型一起构成双重否定，即为肯定含义。
One is never too old to learn. _________________________
It is never too late to mend. _________________________________
She did not get up too late to catch the early bus. _________________________
(5)too…not to…句型表示肯定含义，意义为“太…不会不…”。
He is too kind not to help you. __________________________________
2、现在分词、过去分词可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就不作目的状语。注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词（if, unless, when, while, once（一旦） though, although）
现在分词作状语：
1.作时间状语：(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
1) 当听到这个消息的时候，他们都高兴的跳了起来。
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2) 看到这些图片，我们都情不自禁的想起在北京的那些日子。
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3) （While）walking on the street, _______________________________
2.作原因状语： Being a League member, he is always helping others.
Being students, we must study hard.
1） 不知道他的地址，我们没法与他取得联系。
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2)在这个学校已经学习一年了，我非常了解这个学校。
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3) _________________________, he can’t go to school.
3.作方式状语，表示伴随： He stayed at home, cleaning and washing.
1) 他在桌子旁坐着读书。_____________________________
2)孩子们笑着聊着天走出教室。____________________________
4.作条件状语： (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
1) 在英语方面努力点，你就会取得更大的进步的。_______________________________________________________
2)向左转，你就会发现我们通向我们学校的那条小路。
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5.作结果状语： He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces
1) 她的丈夫去世了，留下她和两个孩子。
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大伙持续了两个月，结果房子成为灰烬。 ________________________________________________
3. At he end of 2002, there were around 3,000 foreign printing companies in
China , __ up around 2 percent of national total.
A. made B. to make C. making D. having made
4．European football is played in 80 countries, __it the most popular sports in
the world.
