职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0524-53

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职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-24

1、Exercise

Whether or not exercise adds to the length of life, it is common

experience that a certain amount of regular exercise improves

the health and contributes a feeling of well-being. Furthermore,

exercise which involves play and recreation, and relieves

nervous tension and mental fatigue in so doing, is not only

pleasant but beneficial.

How much and what kind of exercise one should take merits

careful consideration. The growing child and the normal young

man and young woman thrill with the exhilaration of strenuous

sports. They fatigue to the point of exhaustion but recover

promptly with a period of rest. But not so with those of middle

age and beyond. For them moderation is of vital importance.

Just how much exercise a person of a given age can safely take

is a question hard to answer. Individual variability is too great to

1 职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0524-41 1、I was amazed at the beauty of the mountain when I reached the top. 【单选题】 A.excited B.astonished C.happy D.shocked 正确答案:B 答案解析:amazed和astonished都可以表示“使人大吃一惊的”；excited：激动的、兴奋的. happy:快乐的、幸福的；shocked:2 震惊的、吓坏的。 1、It?was?a?fascinating?painting,?with?clever?use?of?color?and?light.【单选题】 A.new B.familiar rge D.wonderful 正确答案:D 答案解析:题干大意：这幅画很吸引人，巧妙地运用了色彩和光线。句中fascinating意为“迷人的，吸引人的”。四个选项中，new意为“新的”；familiar意为“熟悉的”；large意为3 “大的”；wonderful意为“极好的，奇妙的”，与fascinating意思最为接近。 1、I want to provide my boys with a decent education.【单选题】 A.good B.special C.private D.general 正确答案:A 答案解析:我想给儿子们提供良好教育。本题难度不大，也是送分题。decent指“体面的，相当好的”，和good“好的”是近义词，其他三项都是常用词，和答案意义差异大，干扰性不强。 4 1、Would you please help me fix their watch?【单选题】 A.prepare B.mend C.clean D.arrange 正确答案:B 答案解析:fix和mend都表示“修理、修补”；prepare：准备、预备；clean:打扫、清洁；arrange:安排、排列。 1、Many young began to taking drugs without realizing what the danger is. 【单选题】 5 A.risk B.harm C.pain D.effect 正确答案:A 答案解析:danger和risk意思相同，表示“危险、风险”；harm:伤害、损害；pain:痛苦；effect:结果、效果。

1 职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0524-62 1、When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread. The process of vaccination allows the patient's body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can ward it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body's immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease's defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient's immune system in a process that occurs 2 naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before. There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patient's death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately l in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3,000 Americans would be left dead. Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970's, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses. Which of the following is true according to the text?【单选题】 3 A.Saving the majority would necessarily justify the death of the minority. B.The immune system can be trained to fight weaker versions of a disease. C.Mandatory vaccinations are indispensable to the survival of the populace. D.The process of vaccination remains a mystery to be further resolved. 正确答案:B 答案解析:细节考查题。本文的中心讲的是免疫系统可以得到特殊的训练以应对较弱的疾病。选项B的内容与此相符合，故正确答案为B。其他三个选项都不能说明原文的含义。 2、Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor 4 The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking, said medical experts after a fiveyear research study. Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer, They said patients are younger, especially women. According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute, more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else. Following breast cancer, it has the second-highest incidence rate. "An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer," said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center. He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years. Among them, 1,433 were male. Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke, according to the report. However, more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term, close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about irritated eyes and throat. 5 About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women's bedrooms were adjacent to the kitchen. However, local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer. Some claimed they may change food preparation methods. "Unless my family and I don't eat at home every day, I must stay in the kitchen to cook," said Xu Li, a 45-year-old local woman. "I know the fumes are bad for the skin, but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer. I have already started frying less. " Doctors said women's lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition, but was closely related to family cancer history, unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems. Other experts agreed with him. "Smoking is by far the biggest cause of lung cancer for men," said Dr. Tan Binyong, honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University's Medical College. "It's true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women. " His research also warned people not to stand near of stalls

1 职称英语考试《卫生类》章节练习题精选及答案0523-54 1、Blasts from the Past 1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease. 2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300. million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. 3 Wignall calculated the "killing efficiency" for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. 4 The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 2 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global warming that followed wiped out 8 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover. 5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years, "The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all," Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. 6 Wignall thinks that older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would have encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere. 3 7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignall's idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. 8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions. Older eruptions were more devastating____. 【单选题】 A.than more recent ones B.the killing efficiency for older eruptions C.has remained controversial D.Wignall's calculations as acceptable 4 E.has been mown to us all F.his ideas 正确答案:A 答案解析:more recent ones较后来的火山爆发。填入后生成的句子不仅在语法上是正确的并且跟文章第一句话的意思差不多。 2、Parkinson's Disease 1 Parkinson's disease affects the way you move. It happens when there is a problem with certain nerve cells in the brain. Normally, these nerve cells make an important chemical called dopamine. Dopamine sends signals to the part of your brain that controls movement. It lets your muscles move smoothly and do what you want them to do. When you have Parkinson's, these nerve cells break down. Then you no longer have enough dopamine, and you have trouble moving the way you want to. 5 2 No one knows for sure what makes these nerve cells break down. But scientists are doing a lot of research to look for the answer. They are studying many possible causes, including aging and poisons in the environment. Abnormal genes seem to lead to Parkinson's disease in some people. But so far, there is not enough proof to show that it is always inherited. 3 Tremor may be the first symptom you notice. It is one of the most common signs of the disease, although not everyone has it. More importantly, not everyone with a tremor has Parkinson's disease. Tremor often starts in just one arm or leg or only on one side of the body. It may be worse when you are awake but not moving the affected arm or leg. It may get better when you move the limb or you are asleep. In time, Parkinson's affects muscles all through your body, so it can lead to problems like trouble swallowing or constipation. In the later stages of the disease, a person with Parkinson's may have a fixed or blank expression, trouble speaking, and other problems. Some people also have a decrease in mental skills (dementia). 4 At this time, there is no cure for Parkinson's disease. But there are several types of medicines that can control the symptoms and make the disease easier to live with. You 'may not even need treatment if your symptoms are mild. Your doctor may wait to prescribe medicines until your symptoms start to get in