下载文档原格式
英语议论文知识点归纳总结在学习英语写作过程中，议论文是一个常见且重要的文体。
能够熟练掌握议论文的写作技巧和相关知识点，对于提高英语写作水平具有重要意义。
本文将对英语议论文的知识点进行归纳和总结，旨在帮助读者更好地理解和掌握议论文的写作技巧。
一、议论文的定义和特点议论文是一种通过论述和分析来支持作者意见或结论的文章。
它具有以下几个特点：1. 条理清晰：议论文通常包含引言、论点、论证和结论等部分，每个部分都需要有明确的逻辑关系和过渡。
2. 观点明确：议论文需要明确表达作者所持的观点，并进行充分的论证和论据支持。
3. 逻辑严密：议论文的逻辑关系需要紧密配合，推理和论证要合乎逻辑，以增强文章的说服力。
4. 文字简练：议论文追求简练的文字表达，避免废话和冗长的词句，使读者更容易理解和接受观点。
二、议论文的写作结构一篇典型的英语议论文通常包含以下几个部分：1. 引言：用于引出讨论的话题，并概述作者的观点。
2. 论点：明确表述作者所持的观点，并提出支持该观点的理由或论据。
3. 论证：根据论点提出的理由或论据，展开详细的论证和分析。
4. 反驳：对可能的反对意见进行回应和反驳，进一步加强观点的说服力。
5. 结论：总结全文的论点和论证，重新强调作者所持的观点。
三、议论文的写作技巧1. 清晰明确的论点：在引言中清晰地表述作者的观点，避免模糊和含糊不清。
2. 充分有力的论证：通过提供详细和具体的事实、数据、例子等来支持观点，增加文章的可信度和说服力。
3. 合理有效的逻辑结构：确保论证的逻辑关系紧密配合，推理过程合乎逻辑，避免论证过程中出现矛盾或跳跃。
4. 恰当处理反驳意见：及时回应潜在的反驳意见，理解并尊重不同观点，同时通过有力的论证来反驳可能存在的错误观点。
5. 使用恰当的连接词：使用适当的连接词和过渡词语，使文章的结构更加紧密和流畅，有助于读者理解论点和论证之间的关系。
四、常见问题及解决方法1. 长篇累牍的文章：避免过多的废话和重复，精简措辞，保持简洁明了。
高中英语写作教案：议论文写作一、引言议论文是高中英语写作中的一种常见文体，它要求写作者从不同角度对一个观点或问题进行论证，表明自己的立场，并提供充分的证据支持。
本篇教案旨在帮助学生掌握议论文写作的基本步骤和技巧，提高他们的写作水平。
二、议论文的结构1. 引入段落引入段落是议论文的开端，它需要引发读者的兴趣，提出要讨论的问题或观点。
可以通过提出引人注目的事实、引用相关的语录、描述一个引人入胜的场景等方式来吸引读者。
同时还需明确表达自己的立场或观点，为后续的论证做好铺垫。
2. 正文段落正文段落是论证自己立场的关键部分，需要提供有力的证据和例子来支持自己的观点。
可以运用以下几种技巧来加强论证的有效性：a) 举例法：通过列举具体的事例来说明自己的观点或论点。
这些例子可以是个人经历、历史事件、科学研究等。
重点是选取合适的例子，并能够清晰地展示与论点之间的联系。
b) 数据和统计法：使用可靠的数据和统计数字来支持自己的观点。
通过引用权威机构或研究机构的调查数据，可以增强自己的说服力。
c) 引用权威观点：引用专家、学者或其他权威人士的观点，以证明自己的立场正确。
这需要有正确的引用方式，如引用者的姓名、相关出版物等。
3. 反驳段落反驳段落是论证中平衡观点的一部分，通过针对可能的反对观点提出自己的反驳。
这可以显示作者思考问题的全面性和深度。
反驳段落需要以客观、合理的方式处理反对观点，并给出具体的反驳理由和证据。
4. 结论段落结论段落是议论文的总结，需要重申自己的立场并得出合理、有力的结论。
结论可以提出建议或展望未来，为读者留下深刻的印象。
三、写作技巧和注意事项1. 使用恰当的词汇和语言：在写议论文时，应注意用词准确、简明扼要，避免夸张和主观色彩过重。
另外，可以适当使用一些连接词和过渡句，使得文章结构清晰，逻辑顺畅。
2. 发挥逻辑思维能力：论证部分要逻辑严谨、有条理。
需要对所提供的证据和例子进行合理解读和分析，并且能够清晰地说明与观点之间的关联性。
议论文作文本节内容一、议论文高考写作要求议论文是高考书面表达常考体裁，文章以议论为主，通过摆事实、讲道理等方法，对客观事物进行评述或议论，以阐明作者的观点与主张，说服别人。
议论文在内容上必须有论点、论据和论证三要素，在结构上要有引言、正文和结论三部分。
二、议论文的写作步骤1. 引言(introduction)．由于英语作文受时间.字数的限制．因此，审清题意之后在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题，并明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支持什么，反对什么．2. 主体段（main body）．主体段是议论的过程，作者必须有足够的证据（adequate proofs）来论证自己的观点．一般可提出一个或两个proofs, 并对此用一两句话分别进行阐述．3. 结论（conclusion）．结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章．同时要注意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话．三、议论文高考常用写作模板1、对比观点型:要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1. 有一些人认为……2. 另一些人认为……3. 我的看法……模版There is a widespread concern over (the issue that)——(作文题目). But it is widely acknowledged that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that——(观点一). In their view, there are two factors contributing to this attitude as follows. In the first place, ——(原因一). In the second place,——(原因二). So it goes without saying that——( 观点一). People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that——(观点二). In their point of view, for one thing, ——(原因一). For another, ——(原因二). Therefore, there is no doubt that——(观点二).As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that——(观点一或二). It is not only because ——(原因一), but also because——(原因二). The more—— , the more——.2、谚语警句型:要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述。
Section ⅦWriting——议论文写作[文体指导]一、体裁介绍1．议论文的结构和上下文的连贯性对于议论性的作文，其结构要自然地形成主题、扩展和结尾这样的三段式结构。
开头句往往是主题句，主题句要做到内容完整，概括性强，表达清楚，突出主题。
一般说来，一篇议论文讨论的是一个主题，其焦点只有一个，要做到主题的统一性。
其次上下文的连贯性也很重要，做到段落中的句子之间相互联系、相互依存、上下一体，也就是逻辑关系要一致。
另外，适当地利用一些连接词和过渡词会增强段落的连贯性。
议论文上下的连贯性离不开过渡性词语，过渡性词语的使用使文章更加连贯、更具有逻辑性。
2．议论文段落的基本结构议论文段落的基本结构：主题句(topic sentence)、阐述句(supporting sentence)和结尾句(concluding sentence)。
(1)主题句：包括段落的主题和中心思想，一般置于段首，偶尔也置于段中或段末，并不是所有的段落都有主题句，有的段落其中心是暗示的。
(2)阐述句：通过具体而有说服力的事实来展开主题。
(3)结尾句：是对段落的概括总结或是对主题的评论和建议，以增强回味的余地。
二、技巧点拨1．英语议论文写作四步法：议论文就是摆事实、讲道理，并要求通过多方面的分析，把道理说通、说透。
议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。
第一：介绍话题，提出论点。
给出一些历史背景或个人材料。
Everyone knows that...大家都知道……Tobacco was introduced to Europe after the discovery of America.发现美洲后烟草被引入到欧洲。
My parents smoke and they have both tried to give up many times.我父母都吸烟，而且他们试图戒烟很多次了。
第二：从正方辩论。
给出实例，证明论点。
Firstly，it costs a lot of money to treat smokers who get diseases，such as heart disease or lung cancer...首先，你要花一大笔钱来治疗由吸烟引起的疾病，诸如心脏病或肺癌……Secondly，some people are in favor of the idea of doing...其次，有些人赞成这个主意……They point out the fact that...他们指出这一事实……第三：从反方辩论。
高中阶段的英语写作格式英语知识点高中阶段的英语写作格式：英语知识点在高中阶段的英语写作中，正确地运用英语的格式和知识点是十分重要的。
本文将为您介绍高中英语写作的格式和一些需要注意的英语知识点，帮助您提高写作水平。
一、议论文格式议论文是高中英语写作中常见的一种文章类型。
下面是一个议论文的格式示例：标题：XXXX引言：为什么这个话题重要？正文1：观点1及支持理由正文2：观点2及支持理由正文3：观点3及支持理由结论：总结观点，给出个人看法或建议二、说明文格式说明文是对某个事物、现象或规则进行解释和说明的文章类型。
下面是一个说明文的格式示例：标题：XXXX引言：对要说明的事物进行简要介绍和概述正文1：详细解释事物的特点、原理、功能等正文2：列举事物的应用领域或使用方法正文3：阐述事物的优缺点，并给出个人观点或建议结论：总结全文的要点，强调事物的重要性或适用性三、应用文格式应用文包括信件、申请书、建议书等，常见于日常生活和学习中。
下面是一个信件的格式示例：发信人地址和日期：收信人地址：称呼：正文1：引言，交代写信的目的和背景正文2：具体内容和要点阐述正文3：请求、陈述自己的观点或建议结尾：客套话和询问对方是否需要进一步信息或建议等四、说明和运用英语知识点在写作过程中，正确运用英语知识点是必不可少的。
以下是一些需要注意的英语知识点：1. 语法：正确使用时态、语态、虚拟语气等；避免主谓一致、代词一致、形容词副词比较级等错误。
2. 词汇：丰富自己的词汇量，避免使用过于简单和重复的词汇；恰当运用词组、短语和固定搭配等。
3. 语句结构：运用多样化的句子结构，包括并列、复合、主从等；注意句子的连贯性和流畅性。
4. 拼写和标点：避免拼写错误和标点符号的错误使用；注意书写规范和标点的合理运用。
五、总结通过了解高中英语写作的格式和知识点，相信您能够提高自己的写作水平。
在写作过程中，合理安排篇章结构，正确运用语法和词汇，将会使您的文章更加准确、有条理和流畅。
As a high school student, Ive had the opportunity to delve into various aspects of English composition, which has not only sharpened my writing skills but also broadened my understanding of the language. Heres a reflection on the key points of English essay writing that Ive learned throughout my high school years.1. Understanding the Essay Prompt:The first step in writing any essay is to understand the prompt. This involves identifying the main question or statement and determining the specific requirements. For instance, if the prompt asks for an argumentative essay, I need to take a stance and support it with evidence.2. Planning and Outlining:Before I start writing, I make an outline to organize my thoughts. This helps me to structure my essay logically, ensuring that each paragraph flows smoothly into the next. The outline typically includes an introduction, body paragraphs with main points and supporting details, and a conclusion.3. Writing the Introduction:The introduction is crucial as it sets the tone for the entire essay. It should include a thesis statement that clearly presents the main argument or point of the essay. Ive learned to make it concise and compelling to grab the readers attention.4. Developing the Body Paragraphs:Each body paragraph should focus on a single main idea that supports thethesis. I start with a topic sentence, followed by evidence such as facts, examples, or quotes. Then, I analyze the evidence to explain its relevance to my argument.5. Using Transitions:Transitions are essential for linking sentences and paragraphs. They help to guide the reader through my argument, making the essay easier to follow.I use words and phrases like furthermore, however, and on the other hand to create smooth transitions.6. Writing the Conclusion:The conclusion should summarize the main points and restate the thesis in a new way. Its not just a repetition of the introduction but a final thought that leaves a lasting impression on the reader. I make sure to end on a strong note, reinforcing my argument.7. Revising and Editing:After writing the first draft, I revise and edit my essay. This involves checking for clarity, coherence, and consistency. I also look for grammatical errors, punctuation mistakes, and awkward sentence structures.8. Using a Variety of Sentence Structures:To make my writing more engaging, I use a mix of simple, compound, and complex sentences. This variety helps to maintain the readers interest and adds rhythm to my writing.9. Incorporating Vocabulary:A rich vocabulary is key to expressing ideas precisely and effectively. Ive learned to use a thesaurus to find synonyms and avoid repetition, but I also ensure that the words I choose fit the context and are appropriate for the audience.10. Citing Sources:In academic writing, its important to give credit to the sources of information. Ive learned to use proper citation styles, such as APA or MLA, to acknowledge the work of others and to avoid plagiarism.11. Writing Persuasively:For persuasive essays, Ive learned to appeal to the readers logic, emotions, and credibility. I use rhetorical devices like repetition, rhetorical questions, and anecdotes to make my argument more convincing.12. Reflecting on Personal Experiences:In reflective essays, I share personal experiences and insights. Ive learned to be honest and introspective, exploring how events have shaped my understanding and beliefs.13. Analyzing Texts:When analyzing literature or other texts, I focus on themes, characters, and literary devices. Ive learned to support my interpretations with evidence from the text and to consider different perspectives.14. Writing Descriptive Essays:In descriptive essays, I use vivid language and sensory details to paint a picture for the reader. Ive learned to choose strong adjectives and adverbs to create a rich, immersive experience.15. Practicing Regularly:Finally, Ive come to understand that practice is key to improving my writing skills. I write regularly, experiment with different styles and genres, and seek feedback from teachers and peers.In conclusion, mastering the art of English essay writing is a journey that involves continuous learning and practice. By focusing on these key points, Ive been able to develop my skills and express my thoughts more effectively in English.。
高一英语3.4单元作文知识点归纳总结Summarizing the Key Points of Unit 3.4 English Composition Knowledge for Grade 11As students in Grade 11, we are expected to demonstrate a more sophisticated understanding of English composition. Unit 3.4 of our curriculum focuses on the key knowledge and skills required to craft effective essays. In this essay, I will provide a comprehensive summary of the core concepts covered in this unit.Firstly, we explored the fundamental structure of an essay. The introduction serves to capture the reader's attention, provide relevant background information, and clearly state the thesis or main argument. The body paragraphs then systematically develop and support the thesis, using a combination of evidence, analysis, and logical reasoning. Finally, the conclusion reinforces the central idea, synthesizes the key points, and leaves the reader with a lasting impression.Within this overarching framework, we delved into the various typesof essays students are expected to master. Persuasive essays require the writer to take a clear stance on a controversial issue and use compelling arguments to convince the reader. Expository essays, on the other hand, aim to inform and educate the reader on a particular topic, often by exploring different perspectives or explaining a complex concept. Narrative essays, in contrast, focus on storytelling, using vivid descriptions and engaging plot elements to convey a meaningful experience or message.Another crucial aspect of Unit 3.4 was the importance of developing a strong thesis statement. The thesis is the backbone of the essay, as it presents the central idea or argument that the rest of the paper will support. An effective thesis is typically a single, concise sentence that is specific, debatable, and directly addresses the prompt or assignment. Crafting a well-formulated thesis statement is essential for guiding the essay's overall structure and ensuring that the writing remains focused and coherent.In addition to the thesis, we also explored the role of topic sentences in structuring the body paragraphs. Each body paragraph should begin with a clear topic sentence that introduces the main idea or argument being discussed in that section. The subsequent sentences then provide supporting evidence, analysis, and explanations to develop and substantiate the topic sentence. By maintaining a clear and logical progression of ideas, the writer can effectivelycommunicate their message to the reader.Furthermore, Unit 3.4 emphasized the importance of using relevant and credible evidence to support the essay's claims. This may include facts, statistics, expert opinions, or real-world examples. Incorporating such evidence not only strengthens the argument but also demonstrates the writer's research skills and depth of understanding. Additionally, we learned the proper techniques for integrating and citing sources, ensuring that the essay adheres to academic integrity standards.Another key focus of this unit was the development of coherence and cohesion within the essay. Coherence refers to the logical flow and organization of ideas, ensuring that the essay reads smoothly and the connections between paragraphs are clear. Cohesion, on the other hand, involves the use of transitional phrases, word choice, and sentence structure to create a sense of unity and flow throughout the essay. By mastering these elements, writers can guide the reader through the essay's progression and enhance the overall clarity and effectiveness of the writing.In terms of language and style, Unit 3.4 highlighted the importance of using precise and engaging vocabulary, as well as maintaining a formal, academic tone. This includes avoiding colloquialisms, contractions, and overly casual language, and instead adopting amore sophisticated and objective style of expression. Additionally, we learned strategies for crafting varied and well-structured sentences, which can contribute to the essay's readability and rhetorical impact.Finally, the unit emphasized the crucial role of revision and editing in the writing process. Effective writers understand that the first draft is rarely the final product and that multiple rounds of revision are necessary to refine and improve the essay. This may involve reorganizing ideas, clarifying arguments, strengthening evidence, and polishing the language and style. By dedicating time to the revision process, writers can ensure that their essays are well-crafted, coherent, and compelling.In conclusion, Unit 3.4 of our Grade 11 English curriculum provided a comprehensive overview of the key knowledge and skills required to write effective essays. From understanding the fundamental essay structure to mastering the nuances of thesis statements, topic sentences, evidence, coherence, and language, this unit has equipped us with the necessary tools to become more proficient and confident writers. As we continue to hone our skills and apply these principles in our future academic and professional endeavors, the knowledge gained from this unit will undoubtedly serve as a valuable foundation for our growth as effective communicators.。
高一英语议论文写作【本讲主要内容】议论文写作【知识总结归纳】一. 议论文（argumentative passage ）概念是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析，评论，表明自己的观点，立场，态度，看法，主张的一种文体。
写议论文要把握三性和三要素。
三性指准确性、鲜明性、和生动性。
三要素指论点，论据和论证。
论点的基本要求：1. 观点正确，2.认真概括，3.见解新鲜，4.有实际意义5.恰当地综合运用各种表达方式。
论据的基本要求：1.真实可靠 2. 充分典型论证的基本要求：1.推理必须合乎逻辑， 2. 论证要讲究顺序 3. 论证要符合正确的推理性式。
写议论文多用被动语态和虚拟语气。
二. 议论文写作方式分别有以下几种形式1. 比较性议论文：比较性议论文用于在两种或两种以上的事物或观点之间作出比较时，一定要找出它们的异同点，在对两事物进行比较和对照之后，要明确提出自己的见解或认识。
例1：Chinese traditional music versus Chinese Modern musicBoth traditional music and modern music are popular now, but there are still some differences between them. Traditional music stands for a country’s culture, which represents national features, while modern music stands for a period.Traditional music’s melody is different from modern music’s melody. Traditional music’s melody is always gentle, graceful and lyric. But the modern music’s melody is cheerful and fast because of the quick pace in modern life.The contents between the traditional music and the modern music are different. The traditional music often describes a fairy tale, love. For example, everybody knows the classical music “Er Quan Yin Yue”. But the modern music always talks about love, money and all kinds of people’s feelings.The musical instruments to play the music are also different. The musical instruments of the traditional music are Pipa, dulcimer, bamboo flute and so on, which come from tool in daily life. These instruments make people feel comfortable and quiet. The musical instruments of the modern music are violin, piano and some electrical equipment, which are from western countries. They make people excited, cool and happy.I think people who like modern music are far more than those who like traditional music nowadays. Maybe this is the trend of developing in modern world. They are allimportant in our life. Let’s enjoy both traditional music and modern music.此篇作文比较现代音乐与传统音乐的差异，在文章第一段划线部分作者已明确点明主题。
第二段，第三段，第四段分别从音乐的旋律，内容，乐器进行不同比较，每段都有明确的主题并能基本围绕主题句进行议论,因此达到说服力较强的效果. 目的明确的比较了它们之间的差异。
文章结构组织安排合理，层次明朗，语言也较流畅。
但局部比较有点牵强附会，如第三段有点狭义。
文章第一段写的比较成功，分别用了“stand for, represent”，不同的词却表示了同一意思并用“while”过渡。
第四段比较合理具有科学性，第五段谈到自己的见解。
2. 驳斥性议论文（pro-and-con essay ）。
驳斥性议论文主要就有争议的观点发表自己的议论。
在写此类作文时，要注意从正反两个方面对这些具有争议的观点进行分析，然后再明确地提出自己的观点。
例2. Is TV a good thing?I don’t think TV is a good thing. It has a lot of disadvantages.（提出中心论点）First of all, watching TV is a waste of time. People often spend much of their spare time on TV. Also, TV makes people lazy and become fat. They don’t have to use their head when watching TV and they seldom go out to have sports. Finally,some programs are harmful to children. They are often full of violence and sex.（通过按顺序把自己观点谈论得十分清楚）Someone thinks that watching TV can get some knowledge. But we will learn more if we use this time to read.（谈论别人的观点及自己的反驳）In conclusion, TV plays a negative part in our life. People should turn their TV off.（通过论证得出了自己对看电视的合理见解）此片文章结构基本符合要求，作者观点十分明确。
但此篇文章文字，句子结构偏于简单反驳内容也偏少，不适合高考学生仿写。
3. 阐述性议论文。
阐述性议论文主要就某一问题正面阐述自己的观点，说明自己的理由例3. The value of time此篇可以从以下几个方面思考时间就是金钱（Time is precious）浪费时间是有害的（Waste of time can mean disasters）应充分利用时间做有益的事（We should devoted most of our time to useful activities）Time is precious. A famous Chinese saying goes like this: “A second of time can not be bought with an ounce of gold.” Time is so valuable that nothing can buy it. The lost time will never come back. Therefore, we should value time.Waste of time can mean disasters. Many people have been wasting their time all the time. Some high school students squander almost all their time watching T V, playing video games, singing pop songs, idolizing pop stars, and so on. As a result, they fail to pass the university entrance examinations or the job interview.We should devote most of our time to useful activities.For example, students can use the early morning for physical exercise or read English in campus instead o flying in bed, looking at the ceiling. In the classroom we should concentration what the teacher presents and take quick notes. Concentration in class can save a lot of time after class. In short, if we spend our time wisely, we shall benefita great deal.有时为了使自己的观点更有说服力，可以运用名人或谚语文章第一段就运用“A second of time can not be bought with an ounce of gold.”，因此同学们在平时的学习积累过程中多背一些有关生活，学习，健康等名人之言。
三. 用于比较性和驳斥性议论文常用句型1. The advantages of A are much greater than A.2. Wonderful as A is, however, it has its own disadvantages too.3. Contrary to widely accepted views, I believe..4. It would be reasonable to take the view that5. The danger/problem/fact/truth/ point is that…6. There is an in fact no reason for us to believe that…7. The change in… largely results from the fact that…8. One may think of the trend as a result of…9. There are several causes for this significant growth in… First, Second, Finally…10. Different people look at … in different ways.通过以上三篇议论文的练习，无论它是什么形式，我们都采用以下格式来组织文章，使文章结构紧凑，从形式上自然而然符合议论文的标准。
