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中考连词成句解题技巧

中考连词成句解题技巧
中考连词成句解题技巧

连词成句解题技巧

连词成句考查学生组合句子的能力。下面是2014年河北省中考连词成句真题。

连词成句(共5个小题,每题1分,计5分)

将所给词语连成句子,标点已给出。要求:符合语法,语句通顺,大小写正确,词语不得重复使用,每句只需有一处词形变化。

1. picture, is, the, new, three

.

2.it, I, yesterday, draw

.

3.under the tree, some, there are, child

.

4.that man, among, look at, they

.

5.popular, a, is, sing, he

.

解题技巧

1. 看清标点,确定句式。

连词成句的句子末尾标点都会给出,有三种标点符号:句号(.),问号(?),感叹号(!)。2016年的中考中虽然没有出现以问号和感叹号结尾的句子,但是在往年的中考题中都有出现,因此考生们一定不能忽略这两种句式。根据三种给出的标点可以确定句子是陈述句、疑问句还是感叹句。

1)以句号(.)为结尾的句子是陈述句,同时也有可能是祈使句。

陈述句,陈述一个事实或说话人的看法,分为肯定句和否定句。陈述句包括五种简单句,他们的结构分别为:

主语 + 系动词 + 表语 He is a doctor.

主语 + 谓语(不及物动词)+(状语)He runs fast.

主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 宾语 I ate an apple.

主语 + 谓语(及物动词)+ 直接宾语 + 间接宾语 I bought him a gift.

主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 I find learning English easy.

祈使句表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等。主语通常省略,一般以助动词,be动词或动词原形开头,谓语动词用原形。

2)以问号(?)为结尾的句子是疑问句,可能是一般疑问句,也可能是以what、who、where、when或how引导的特殊疑问句。

3)以感叹号(!)为结尾的句子是感叹句,所给词中肯定有when或者是how。

2.不同类型句子的连词技巧

陈述句

A.先找主语

初中阶段接触到的陈述句中,句子的主语往往是名词或代词,因此当所给单词中出现名词或人称代词时就要考虑它们能不能充当主语。很多情况中,当单词中出现人称代词时,该人称代词就是句子的主语,比如上面给出的16年中考题的第二题和第五题。当名词作主语时,如果是单数名词,名词的前面应该有冠词(a,an,the)。而当所给词语中出现“there be”时,该句子应该以“there be”打头。

B. 再找谓语

句子的谓语可以是一个行为动词(具体动作),也可以是表示主语属性或状态的be动词(相当于汉语中的“是”)。当所给词语中只出现一个动词或be动词时,就可以把它放在主语的后面。

C. 再找宾语和状语

行为动词如果是及物动词,如第二题中的draw,应该在后面加上宾语(可以是名词或代词)。动词后面可以接上状语(可以是副词,如happily,也可以是介词短语)。“be动词”后面可以接名词,代词,形容词等,表示主语的身份、属性或状态。“There be”后面要加上名词,常常该名词前会加上形容词或a,many,a lot of等限定词,如上面的第三题。

D. 词语变形

连词成句中可能会有词形的变化,但最多只有一处。当无法用多给的单词连成结构完整的句子,或者遗留下某个单词无法填入句中时,要考虑某个单词是不是要进行词性的变化(如动词wonder需要变成wonderful)。了解题中可能会出现的词汇类型以及它们的变化有助于考生顺利解题。

句子中的词汇类型有:名词,形容词,动词,副词,代词,数词,限定词(冠词)。

名词有单复数变化:child——children;

形容词可以变为副词或比较级、最高级: happy——happily;

动词有人称,时态和语态的变化:draw——drew(过去时);

副词会直接给出或者有形容词变化而来;

代词常常会考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词变化:I——my(形容词性物主代词)——mine(名词性物主代词),(名词性物主代词相当于名词,后面不能接名词,形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,后面应该加上名词。)

基数词可变为序数词:three——third(序数词可以放在名词前作定语);

限定词:a,an, the,many,a lot of等放在名词前面。

D. 检查句子单词个数和词形变化是否正确。

2)当句末标点为句号(.)且无法用所给单词连成五种简单句中的一种时,可以考虑该句话是不是祈使句。

①肯定句祈使句

动词原形 + 其他成分

Come in.

Be quiet.

②否定祈使句

Don't +动词原形 + 其他成分.

Don’t be late.

Let’s not + 动词原形 + 其他成分.

Let’s not speak loudly.

首先要看是那种类型的感叹句,如果句中没有don't 或let's,那么就将动词原型或Be放在句首。如果该动词是及物动词就要在它后面加上宾语,再将状语等其他成分放在句末。如果句中出现了don't和let's那么将don't和let's放在句子开头,再接上动词原形和其他成分。但是以往的中考题中从来没有出现过否定祈使句。

3)疑问句

一般疑问句是以yes或no回答的句子。它有两种结构:

①“Be + 主语 + 表语... ?”型

Are your parents doctors?

Was the little girl nervous when she saw you?

②“助动词/情态动词 + 主语 + 谓语...”

Did it rain last night?

Do you have a ruler?

Are you feeling better?

特殊疑问句由疑问代词(what,who,whom,whose等)或疑问副词(where,when,why,how等)开头。

What size is your shirt?

How far is the museum?

对于一般疑问句可以先按照陈述句语序来组句,然后再改写成为一般疑问句。陈述句变一般疑问句把be动词和助动词提前即可。

特殊疑问词常常和名词、形容词、副词组合起来形成疑问词组,如how far(多远),how much(多少钱),what size(多大尺寸)等。将疑问词组放在句首,然后加上be动词,最后再加上句子的主语(名词或代词)。

4)感叹句

感叹句以叹号(!)为结尾,通常以what或how为结尾。

What引导的感叹句结构:

What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!

What a wonderful time we had!

What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语!

What beautiful flowers they are!

What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!

What great fun surfing the Internet is!

如果所给一道题以叹号结尾而且所给词汇中出现了what,就可以毫不犹豫地把what 写在句子开头。然后观察所给的名词是单数还是复数或是不可数名词,依次填入冠词(a/an),形容词,名词,主语,谓语。

下面分别是2014年中考题

(2014年)flower, what, are, beautiful, they

!

解题方法:首先把What写在前面,然后找到名词flower,因为题中没有出现冠词,可以在what后面直接加上形容词beautiful,再接上名词flowers,接着是主语和谓语they are,于是得到句子: What beautiful flower they are! 最后检查单词个数和词形是否正确。因为该句话的主语是复数(they),因此要将flower变为复数flowers。

How引导的感叹句在近五年中考中都没有出现过,但考生最好也将其掌握。How引导的感叹句结构:

How + 形容词 + a/an +可数名词单数 + 主语 + 谓语!

How interesting a book you’ve bought me!

How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!

How surprising it is that you should not know that!

How + 主语 + 谓语!

How time flies!

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