铁路信号联锁系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
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2021铁路信号专业词汇1铁路信号专业词汇英语\英文单词翻译(部分)推荐非常好的铁路翻译网站:http://60.206.187.34:8080/was40/outline?channelid=*****1 4毫米锁闭check 4mm opening of a switch point2 矮型信号机dwarf signal3 安全电路vital circuit4 安全接点safety contact5 按钮push-in button6 按钮表示button indication7 半自动闭塞机semi-automatic block machine8 半自动闭塞联系电路liaison circuit with semi-automatic blocks9 半自动化驼峰系统semi-automatic hump yard system10 保护区段overlap protection block section11 备电源stand-by power source12 被控点controlled point13 闭路式轨道电路close type track circuit14 闭塞分区block section15 闭塞机block instrument16 臂板接触器contacts operated by semaphore17 臂板转极器pole changer operated by semaphore18 变压器箱transformer box19 标准分路灵敏度standard shunting sensitivity20 表示indication21 表示灯indication lamp22 表示灯电源power source for indication lamp23 表示电路indication circuit24 表示对象indicated object25 表示杆indication rod26 表示连接杆connecting rod for indication27 表示盘indicating panel28 表示器indicator29 表示周期indication cycle30 并联式轨道电路multiply connected track circuit31 并置信号点double signal location32 不对称脉冲轨道电路asymmetrical impulse track circuit33 不限时人工解锁manual non-time release34 材质不良bad material35 操纵台operating console36 侧撞conering37 测长distance-to-coupling measurement38 测试环线test loop39 测速speed measurement40 测重weight sensing41 测阻rollability measurement42 插接不良plug-in trouble43 岔中绝缘insulated joint within a turnout44 场间联系电路liaison circuit between yards45 车档表示器buffer stop indicator46 车辆存在监测器presence monitor47 车辆加速器car accelerator48 车轮传感器wheel detector49 车门自动控制automatic train door control50 车站控制station master control51 出站信号机starting signal52 储风罐air reservoir53 储酸室acid store room54 传动系统driving system55 传输继电器transmitting relay56 串联式轨道电路serially connected track circuit57 磁路系统magnetic circuit58 从属信号机dependent signal59 错溜miseroute60 错误办理wrong handling错误关闭信号false stopping of a signal62 错误解锁false release63 错误开放信号wrong clearing of a signal64 错误锁闭false locking65 错误显示wrong indication66 大功率转辙机heavy duty switch machine67 大站电气集中联锁relay interlocking for large station68 带柄道岔表示器switch indicator with level69 带动道岔switch with follow up movement70 单独操纵继电式电气集individual level type all-relay interlocking71 单独操纵作业manual operation72 单断single break73 单轨条式轨道电路single rail track circuit74 单频感应器single frequency inductor75 单线臂板信号机single wire semaphore signal76 单线继电半自动闭塞single track all-relay semi-automatic block system77 单向自动闭塞single-directional running automatic block78 单置信号点single signal location79 弹力继电器spring-type relay80 导管调整器pipe compensator81 导线导轮wire carrier82 导线调整器wire compensator83 导线反正扣wire-adjusting screw84 导线立轮vertical wheel85 导线平轮horizontal wheel86 导线平轮组horizontal wheel assembly87 导线装置wire installation88 导向安全failure to the safe side89 到发线出岔电路protection circuit with switch lying in receiving-90 道岔表示switch indication91 道岔表示电源power source for switch indication92 道岔表示器switch indicator93 道岔错误表示false indication of a switch94 道岔定位表示switch normal indication95 道岔动作电源power source for switch operation96 道岔反位表示switch reverse indication97 道岔封锁switch closed up98 道岔控制电路switch control circuit99 道岔控制电源power source for switch control100 道岔密贴switch point closure101 道岔启动switch starting102 道岔区段section with a switch or switches103 道岔人工解锁manual release of a locked switch104 道岔失去表示loss of indication of a switch105 道岔顺序启动sequential starting of switches106 道岔顺序转换sequential transiting of switches107 道岔锁闭表示switch locked indication108 道岔握柄switch lever109 道岔中途转换switch thrown under moving cars110 道口接近区段approach section of a highway level crossing111 道口闪光信号highway level crossing flashing signal112 道口室外音响器highway level crossing out door audible device113 道口信号机highway level crossing signal114 道口信号控制盘highway level crossing signal controlpanel115 道口遮断信号highway level crossing obstruction signal 116 道渣电阻ballast resistance117 灯光转移to transfer of lighting indication118 灯丝断丝filament burn-out119 灯丝断丝报警alarm for burnout of filaments120 敌对信号conflicting signal121 地面感应器wayside inductor122 地面设备wayside equipment123 地中电缆盒underground cable terminal box124 第二接近区段second approach section125 第二离去区段second departure section126 第一接近区段first approach section127 第一离去区段first departure section128 电动臂板电锁器联锁interlocking by electric locks with electric semap129 电动臂板信号机electric semaphore signal130 电动传送设备electric motor operated conveyer131 电话闭塞telephone block system132 电机集中联锁electro-mechanical interlocking133 电空传送设备electropneumatic conveyer134 电码轨道电路coded track circuit135 电码自动闭塞automatic block with coded track circuit 136 电气路牌闭塞electric tablet block system137 电气路牌机electric tablet instrument138 电气路签闭塞electric staff system139 电气路签机electric staff instrument140 电气锁闭electric locking141 电压过低voltage below level142 电压自动调整器automatic voltage regulator143 电液转辙机electrohydraulic switch machine144 电源端子terminals for power supplies145 电源转换屏power switching over panel146 调车表示器shunting indicator147 调车表示器电路shunting indicator circuit148 调车区电气集中联锁interlocking for shunting area 149 调车线始端减速器tangent retarder150 调车信号机shunting signal151 调度集中分机field equipment of ctc152 调度集中总机control office equipment of ctc153 调度控制dispatchers control154 调频轨道电路frequency modulated track circuit155 叠加轨道电路overlap track circuit156 定点停车stopping a train at a target point157 定反位锁闭normal and reverse locking158 定期维修periodical maintenance159 定位接点normal contact160 定位锁闭normal locking161 动程stroke162 动接点contact heel163 动态长度distance-to-go164 动作杆throw rod165 动作连接杆operating rod for driving a switch166 对向重叠进路route with overlapped section in the opposite dire 167 额定值rated value168 扼流变压器impedance transformer169 二次参数secondary parameter170 二显示自动闭塞two-aspect automatic block171 发车表示器departure indicator172 发车表示器电路departure indicator circuit173 发车进路信号机route signal for departure174 发车线路表示器departure track indicator175 发车信号departure signal176 反位接点reverse contact177 反位锁闭reverse locking178 反装left-handed machine179 方向电源directional traffic power source180 方向转接器directional switch181 防护变压器protective transformer182 防护道岔protective turnout183 防护区段protected section184 防止重复prevention for repetitive clear of a signal185 妨害故障hindrance fault186 非安全电路non-vital circuit187 非机械化驼峰设备unmechanized hump yard equipment 188 非集中道岔locally operated switch189 非进路调车to hold route for shunting190 非进路调车电路circuit to hold a route for shunting 191 非联锁道岔non-interlocked switch192 非联锁区non-interlocking area193 非自复式按钮stick button194 分割区段cut section195 分路shunt196 分路道岔branching turnout197 分路灵敏度shunting sensitivity198 分线盘distributing terminal board199 分线盘端子terminals on distributing board 200 分向电缆盒cable branching terminal box201 风管路调压设备air pipeline pressure governor 202 风压调整器manometer regulator203 封锁close up204 峰下减速器master retarder205 浮充供电floating charge power supply206 复示信号repeating signal207 复示信号机repeating signal208 干线供电main linely connected power supply 209 杆上电缆盒cable terminal box on a post210 感应式机车信号inductive cab signaling211 钢轨绝缘rail insulation212 钢轨绝缘不良bad rail insulation213 钢轨引接线track lead214 高柱信号机high signal215 工作电流working current216 工作值working value217 共用箱cab signal box218 股道空闲track clear219 股道占用track occupied220 故障-安全fail-safe221 故障办理emergency treatment after failure222 故障复原restoration after a failure223 故障积累failure accumulation224 故障升级progression of failure225 故障修corrective maintenance226 光带light strip227 光带式表示stript indication light228 光点式表示spotted indication light229 轨道变压器箱track transformer box230 轨道变阻器track rheostat231 轨道电抗器track reactor232 轨道电路电码化coding of continuous track circuit 233 轨道电路调整状态regulated state of a track circuit 234 轨道电路分割cut-section of a track circuit235 轨道电路分路状态shunted state of a track circuit 236 轨道电路蓄电现象track storage effect237 轨道接触器track treadle238 轨道生电现象track galvanic effect239 轨道受电变压器track relay transformer240 轨道送电变压器track transformer feed end 241 焊接式钢轨接续线welded bond242 后接点back contact243 后圈back coil244 后退信号backing signal245 环状供电looply connected power supply246 缓动继电器slow-acting relay247 缓放继电器slow release relay248 缓放时间slow release time249 缓吸继电器slow pick-up relay250 缓吸时间slow pick-up time251 汇流条bus-bar252 混合电源ac-battery power source253 混合供电制ac-battery power supply system 254 机车感应器locomotive inductor255 机车接近通知approaching announcing in cab 256 机车设备locomotive equipment257 机车信号测试区段cab signaling testing section 258 机车信号作用点cab signaling inducter location 259 机务段联系电路liaison circuit with a locodepot260 机械臂板信号机mechanically operated semaphore signal261 机械化驼峰设备mechanized hump yard equipment262 机械集中联锁mechanical interlocking263 机械锁闭mechanical locking264 基本进路basic route265 基本联锁电路fundamental interlocking circuit266 极性检查电路polarity checking circuit267 集中道岔centrally operated switch268 集中电源centrally connected power source269 集中供电centrally connected power supply270 挤岔报警alarm for a trailed switch271 挤切dissectible272 挤切销dissectible pin273 挤脱trailable274 计划修planned maintenance275 计轴自动闭塞automatic block with axle counter276 继电并联传递网路successively worked parallel relay network277 继电并联网路parallel relay network278 继电串联网路series relay network279 继电器防震架shock absorber base for relays280 继电器控制电源power source for relay control281 继电器灵敏度relay sensitivity282 继电器释放relay released283 继电器吸起relay energized284 继电器箱relay case285 继电式电气集中联锁all-relay interlocking286 加封sealing287 加速推送信号humping fast signal288 尖端杆front rod of a point289 监督对象surveillanced object290 减速器工作状态retarder in working state291 减速器缓解状态retarder released292 减速器接近限界clearance of a retarder293 减速器制动状态retarder in closed state294 减速推送信号humping slow signal295 减速信号restriction signal296 检修不良not well inspected and repaired297 交流电源屏ac power supply panel298 交流二元二位继电器ac two element two position relay 299 交流供电制ac power supply system300 交流计数电码轨道电路ac counting coded track circuit 301 交流计数电码自动闭塞automatic block with ac counting code track ci 302 交流继电器ac relay303 交直流继电器ac-dc relay304 较大限制信号more restrictive signal305 较大允许信号more favorable signal306 接车进路信号机route signal for receiving307 接车信号receiving signal308 接触不良bad contact309 接地报警grounding alarm310 接点闭合contact closed311 接点断开contact open312 接点系统contact system313 接点压力contact pressure314 接发车进路信号机route signal for receiving-departure 315 接杆pipe jaw316 接近表示approach indication317 接近发码coding during train approaching318 接近连续式机车信号approach continuous cab signaling 319 接近区段approach section320 接近锁闭approach locking321 接收线圈receiving coil322 解除闭塞block cleared323 解锁按钮盘manual release button panel324 解锁电路release circuit325 解锁进路released route326 解锁力releasing force327 尽头信号机signal for stub-end track328 近程监督分区directly surveillanced subsection329 近程网路directly surveillanced network330 进路表route sheet331 进路表示器route indicator332 进路表示器电路route indicator circuit333 进路操纵作业semi-automatic operation by route334 进路储存器route storaging devices335 进路电路route selecting circuit336 进路分段解锁sectional release of a locked route337 进路继电式电气集中联route type all-relay interlocking 338 进路解锁route release339 进路人工解锁manual route release340 进路锁闭route locking341 进路锁闭表示route locking indication342 进路信号机route signal343 进路一次解锁route release at once。
智能交通系统中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文:Traffic Assignment Forecast Model Research in ITS IntroductionThe intelligent transportation system (ITS) develops rapidly along with the city sustainable development, the digital city construction and the development of transportation. One of the main functions of the ITS is to improve transportation environment and alleviate the transportation jam, the most effective method to gain the aim is to forecast the traffic volume of the local network and the important nodes exactly with GIS function of path analysis and correlation mathematic methods, and this will lead a better planning of the traffic network. Traffic assignment forecast is an important phase of traffic volume forecast. It will assign the forecasted traffic to every way in the traffic sector. If the traffic volume of certain road is too big, which would bring on traffic jam, planners must consider the adoption of new roads or improving existing roads to alleviate the traffic congestion situation. This study attempts to present an improved traffic assignment forecast model, MPCC, based on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of classic traffic assignment forecast models, and test the validity of the improved model in practice.1 Analysis of classic models1.1 Shortcut traffic assignmentShortcut traffic assignment is a static traffic assignment method. In this method, the traffic load impact in the vehicles’ travel is not considered, and the traffic impedance (travel time) is a constant. The traffic volume of every origination-destination couple will be assigned to the shortcut between the origination and destination, while the traffic volume of other roads in this sector is null. This assignment method has the advantage of simple calculation; however, uneven distribution of the traffic volume is its obvious shortcoming. Using this assignment method, the assignment traffic volume will be concentrated on the shortcut, which isobviously not realistic. However, shortcut traffic assignment is the basis of all theother traffic assignment methods.1.2 Multi-ways probability assignmentIn reality, travelers always want to choose the shortcut to the destination, whichis called the shortcut factor; however, as the complexity of the traffic network, thepath chosen may not necessarily be the shortcut, which is called the random factor.Although every traveler hopes to follow the shortcut, there are some whose choice isnot the shortcut in fact. The shorter the path is, the greater the probability of beingchosen is; the longer the path is, the smaller the probability of being chosen is.Therefore, the multi-ways probability assignment model is guided by the LOGIT model:∑---=n j ii i F F p 1)exp()exp(θθ (1)Where i p is the probability of the path section i; i F is the travel time of thepath section i; θ is the transport decision parameter, which is calculated by the followprinciple: firstly, calculate the i p with different θ (from 0 to 1), then find the θwhich makes i p the most proximate to the actual i p .The shortcut factor and the random factor is considered in multi-ways probabilityassignment, therefore, the assignment result is more reasonable, but the relationshipbetween traffic impedance and traffic load and road capacity is not considered in thismethod, which leads to the assignment result is imprecise in more crowded trafficnetwork. We attempt to improve the accuracy through integrating the several elements above in one model-MPCC.2 Multi-ways probability and capacity constraint model2.1 Rational path aggregateIn order to make the improved model more reasonable in the application, theconcept of rational path aggregate has been proposed. The rational path aggregate,which is the foundation of MPCC model, constrains the calculation scope. Rationalpath aggregate refers to the aggregate of paths between starts and ends of the trafficsector, defined by inner nodes ascertained by the following rules: the distancebetween the next inner node and the start can not be shorter than the distance betweenthe current one and the start; at the same time, the distance between the next innernode and the end can not be longer than the distance between the current one and theend. The multi-ways probability assignment model will be only used in the rationalpath aggregate to assign the forecast traffic volume, and this will greatly enhance theapplicability of this model.2.2 Model assumption1) Traffic impedance is not a constant. It is decided by the vehicle characteristicand the current traffic situation.2) The traffic impedance which travelers estimate is random and imprecise.3) Every traveler chooses the path from respective rational path aggregate.Based on the assumptions above, we can use the MPCC model to assign thetraffic volume in the sector of origination-destination couples.2.3 Calculation of path traffic impedanceActually, travelers have different understanding to path traffic impedance, butgenerally, the travel cost, which is mainly made up of forecast travel time, travellength and forecast travel outlay, is considered the traffic impedance. Eq. (2) displaysthis relationship. a a a a F L T C γβα++= (2)Where a C is the traffic impedance of the path section a; a T is the forecast traveltime of the path section a; a L is the travel length of the path section a; a F is theforecast travel outlay of the path section a; α, β, γ are the weight value of that threeelements which impact the traffic impedance. For a certain path section, there aredifferent α, β and γ value for different vehicles. We can get the weighted average of α,β and γ of each path section from the statistic percent of each type of vehicle in thepath section.2.4 Chosen probability in MPCCActually, travelers always want to follow the best path (broad sense shortcut), butbecause of the impact of random factor, travelers just can choose the path which is ofthe smallest traffic impedance they estimate by themselves. It is the key point ofMPCC. According to the random utility theory of economics, if traffic impedance is considered as the negativeutility, the chosen probability rs p of origination-destinationpoints couple (r, s) should follow LOGIT model:∑---=n j jrs rs bC bC p 1)exp()exp( (3) where rs p is the chosen probability of the pathsection (r, s);rs C is the traffic impedance of the path sect-ion (r, s); j C is the trafficimpedance of each path section in the forecast traffic sector; b reflects the travelers’cognition to the traffic impedance of paths in the traffic sector, which has reverseratio to its deviation. If b → ∞ , the deviation of understanding extent of trafficimpedance approaches to 0. In this case, all the travelers will follow the path whichis of the smallest traffic impedance, which equals to the assignment results withShortcut Traffic Assignment. Contrarily, if b → 0, travelers ’ understanding error approaches infinity. In this case, the paths travelers choose are scattered. There is anobjection that b is of dimension in Eq.(3). Because the deviation of b should beknown before, it is difficult to determine the value of b. Therefore, Eq.(3) is improvedas follows:∑---=n j OD j OD rsrs C bC C bC p 1)exp()exp(,∑-=n j j OD C n C 11(4) Where OD C is the average of the traffic impedance of all the as-signed paths; bwhich is of no dimension, just has relationship to the rational path aggregate, ratherthan the traffic impedance. According to actual observation, the range of b which is anexperience value is generally between 3.00 to 4.00. For the more crowded cityinternal roads, b is normally between 3.00 and 3.50.2.5 Flow of MPCCMPCC model combines the idea of multi-ways probability assignment anditerative capacity constraint traffic assignment.Firstly, we can get the geometric information of the road network and OD trafficvolume from related data. Then we determine the rational path aggregate with themethod which is explained in Section 2.1.Secondly, we can calculate the traffic impedance of each path section with Eq.(2),Fig.1 Flowchart of MPCC which is expatiated in Section 2.3.Thirdly, on the foundation of the traffic impedance of each path section, we cancalculate the respective forecast traffic volume of every path section with improvedLOGIT model (Eq.(4)) in Section 2.4, which is the key point of MPCC.Fourthly, through the calculation processabove, we can get the chosen probability andforecast traffic volume of each path section, but itis not the end. We must recalculate the trafficimpedance again in the new traffic volumesituation. As is shown in Fig.1, because of theconsideration of the relationship between trafficimpedance and traffic load, the traffic impedanceand forecast assignment traffic volume of everypath will be continually amended. Using therelationship model between average speed andtraffic volume, we can calculate the travel timeand the traffic impedance of certain path sect-ionunder different traffic volume situation. For theroads with different technical levels, therelationship models between average speeds totraffic volume are as follows: 1) Highway: 1082.049.179AN V = (5) 2) Level 1 Roads: 11433.084.155AN V = (6) 3) Level 2 Roads: 66.091.057.112AN V = (7) 4) Level 3 Roads: 3.132.01.99AN V = (8) 5) Level 4 Roads: 0988.05.70A N V =(9) Where V is the average speed of the path section; A N is the traffic volume of thepath section.At the end, we can repeat assigning traffic volume of path sections with themethod in previous step, which is the idea of iterative capacity constraint assignment,until the traffic volume of every path section is stable.译文智能交通交通量分配预测模型介绍随着城市的可持续化发展、数字化城市的建设以及交通运输业的发展,智能交通系统(ITS)的发展越来越快。
铁路信号专业词汇英文翻译1 、4毫米锁闭 check 4mm opening of a switch point2、矮型信号机 dwarf signal3、安全电路 vital circuit4、安全接点 safety contact5、按钮 push-in button6 、按钮表示 button indication7、半自动闭塞机 semi-automatic block machine8、半自动闭塞联系电路 liaison circuit with semi-automatic blocks9 、半自动化驼峰系统 semi-automatic hump yard system10、保护区段 overlap protection block section11 、备电源 stand-by power source12 、被控点 controlled point13 、闭路式轨道电路 close type track circuit14 、闭塞分区 block section15、闭塞机 block instrument16、臂板接触器 contacts operated by semaphore17 、臂板转极器 pole changer operated by semaphore18、变压器箱 transformer box19、标准分路灵敏度 standard shunting sensitivity20 、表示 indication21、表示灯 indication lamp22、表示灯电源 power source for indication lamp23 、表示电路 indication circuit24 、表示对象 indicated object25 、表示杆 indication rod26、表示连接杆 connecting rod for indication27 、表示盘 indicating panel28 表示器 indicator29 表示周期 indication cycle30 并联式轨道电路 multiply connected track circuit31 并置信号点 double signal location32 不对称脉冲轨道电路 asymmetrical impulse track circuit33 不限时人工解锁 manual non-time release34 材质不良 bad material35 操纵台 operating console36 侧撞 conering37 测长 distance-to-coupling measurement38 测试环线 test loop39 测速 speed measurement40 测重 weight sensing41 测阻 rollability measurement42 插接不良 plug-in trouble43 岔中绝缘 insulated joint within a turnout44 场间联系电路 liaison circuit between yards45 车档表示器 buffer stop indicator46 车辆存在监测器 presence monitor47 车辆加速器 car accelerator48 车轮传感器 wheel detector49 车门自动控制 automatic train door control50 车站控制 station master control51 出站信号机 starting signal52 储风罐 air reservoir53 储酸室 acid store room54 传动系统 driving system55 传输继电器 transmitting relay56 串联式轨道电路 serially connected track circuit57 磁路系统 magnetic circuit58 从属信号机 dependent signal59 错溜 miseroute60 错误办理 wrong handling错误关闭信号 false stopping of a signal62 错误解锁 false release63 错误开放信号 wrong clearing of a signal64 错误锁闭 false locking65 错误显示 wrong indication66 大功率转辙机 heavy duty switch machine67 大站电气集中联锁 relay interlocking for large station68 带柄道岔表示器 switch indicator with level69 带动道岔 switch with follow up movement70 单独操纵继电式电气集 individual level type all-relay interlocking71 单独操纵作业 manual operation72 单断 single break73 单轨条式轨道电路 single rail track circuit74 单频感应器 single frequency inductor75 单线臂板信号机 single wire semaphore signal76 单线继电半自动闭塞 single track all-relay semi-automatic block system77 单向自动闭塞 single-directional running automatic block78 单置信号点 single signal location79 弹力继电器 spring-type relay80 导管调整器 pipe compensator81 导线导轮 wire carrier82 导线调整器 wire compensator83 导线反正扣 wire-adjusting screw84 导线立轮 vertical wheel85 导线平轮 horizontal wheel86 导线平轮组 horizontal wheel assembly87 导线装置 wire installation88 导向安全 failure to the safe side89 到发线出岔电路 protection circuit with switch lying in receiving-90 道岔表示 switch indication91 道岔表示电源 power source for switch indication92 道岔表示器 switch indicator93 道岔错误表示 false indication of a switch94 道岔定位表示 switch normal indication95 道岔动作电源 power source for switch operation96 道岔反位表示 switch reverse indication97 道岔封锁 switch closed up98 道岔控制电路 switch control circuit99 道岔控制电源 power source for switch control100 道岔密贴 switch point closure101 道岔启动 switch starting102 道岔区段 section with a switch or switches103 道岔人工解锁 manual release of a locked switch104 道岔失去表示 loss of indication of a switch105 道岔顺序启动 sequential starting of switches106 道岔顺序转换 sequential transiting of switches107 道岔锁闭表示 switch locked indication108 道岔握柄 switch lever109 道岔中途转换 switch thrown under moving cars110 道口接近区段 approach section of a highway level crossing111 道口闪光信号 highway level crossing flashing signal112 道口室外音响器 highway level crossing out door audible device 113 道口信号机 highway level crossing signal114 道口信号控制盘 highway level crossing signal control panel115 道口遮断信号 highway level crossing obstruction signal116 道渣电阻 ballast resistance117 灯光转移 to transfer of lighting indication118 灯丝断丝 filament burn-out119 灯丝断丝报警 alarm for burnout of filaments120 敌对信号 conflicting signal121 地面感应器 wayside inductor122 地面设备 wayside equipment123 地中电缆盒 underground cable terminal box124 第二接近区段 second approach section125 第二离去区段 second departure section126 第一接近区段 first approach section127 第一离去区段 first departure section128 电动臂板电锁器联锁 interlocking by electric locks with electric semap129 电动臂板信号机 electric semaphore signal130 电动传送设备 electric motor operated conveyer131 电话闭塞 telephone block system132 电机集中联锁 electro-mechanical interlocking133 电空传送设备 electropneumatic conveyer134 电码轨道电路 coded track circuit135 电码自动闭塞 automatic block with coded track circuit136 电气路牌闭塞 electric tablet block system137 电气路牌机 electric tablet instrument138 电气路签闭塞 electric staff system139 电气路签机 electric staff instrument140 电气锁闭 electric locking141 电压过低 voltage below level142 电压自动调整器 automatic voltage regulator143 电液转辙机 electrohydraulic switch machine144 电源端子 terminals for power supplies145 电源转换屏 power switching over panel146 调车表示器 shunting indicator147 调车表示器电路 shunting indicator circuit148 调车区电气集中联锁 interlocking for shunting area149 调车线始端减速器 tangent retarder150 调车信号机 shunting signal151 调度集中分机 field equipment of ctc152 调度集中总机 control office equipment of ctc153 调度控制 dispatchers control154 调频轨道电路 frequency modulated track circuit155 叠加轨道电路 overlap track circuit156 定点停车 stopping a train at a target point157 定反位锁闭 normal and reverse locking158 定期维修 periodical maintenance159 定位接点 normal contact160 定位锁闭 normal locking161 动程 stroke162 动接点 contact heel163 动态长度 distance-to-go164 动作杆 throw rod165 动作连接杆 operating rod for driving a switch166 对向重叠进路 route with overlapped section in the opposite dire 167 额定值 rated value168 扼流变压器 impedance transformer169 二次参数 secondary parameter170 二显示自动闭塞 two-aspect automatic block171 发车表示器 departure indicator172 发车表示器电路 departure indicator circuit173 发车进路信号机 route signal for departure174 发车线路表示器 departure track indicator175 发车信号 departure signal176 反位接点 reverse contact177 反位锁闭 reverse locking178 反装 left-handed machine179 方向电源 directional traffic power source180 方向转接器 directional switch181 防护变压器 protective transformer182 防护道岔 protective turnout183 防护区段 protected section184 防止重复 prevention for repetitive clear of a signal 185 妨害故障 hindrance fault186 非安全电路 non-vital circuit187 非机械化驼峰设备 unmechanized hump yard equipment 188 非集中道岔 locally operated switch189 非进路调车 to hold route for shunting190 非进路调车电路 circuit to hold a route for shunting 191 非联锁道岔 non-interlocked switch192 非联锁区 non-interlocking area193 非自复式按钮 stick button194 分割区段 cut section195 分路 shunt196 分路道岔 branching turnout197 分路灵敏度 shunting sensitivity198 分线盘 distributing terminal board199 分线盘端子 terminals on distributing board200 分向电缆盒 cable branching terminal box201 风管路调压设备 air pipeline pressure governor 202 风压调整器 manometer regulator203 封锁 close up204 峰下减速器 master retarder205 浮充供电 floating charge power supply206 复示信号 repeating signal207 复示信号机 repeating signal208 干线供电 main linely connected power supply 209 杆上电缆盒 cable terminal box on a post210 感应式机车信号 inductive cab signaling211 钢轨绝缘 rail insulation212 钢轨绝缘不良 bad rail insulation213 钢轨引接线 track lead214 高柱信号机 high signal215 工作电流 working current216 工作值 working value217 共用箱 cab signal box218 股道空闲 track clear219 股道占用 track occupied220 故障-安全 fail-safe221 故障办理 emergency treatment after failure 222 故障复原 restoration after a failure223 故障积累 failure accumulation224 故障升级 progression of failure225 故障修 corrective maintenance226 光带 light strip227 光带式表示 stript indication light228 光点式表示 spotted indication light229 轨道变压器箱 track transformer box230 轨道变阻器 track rheostat231 轨道电抗器 track reactor232 轨道电路电码化 coding of continuous track circuit 233 轨道电路调整状态 regulated state of a track circuit 234 轨道电路分割 cut-section of a track circuit235 轨道电路分路状态 shunted state of a track circuit 236 轨道电路蓄电现象 track storage effect237 轨道接触器 track treadle238 轨道生电现象 track galvanic effect239 轨道受电变压器 track relay transformer240 轨道送电变压器 track transformer feed end241 焊接式钢轨接续线 welded bond242 后接点 back contact243 后圈 back coil244 后退信号 backing signal245 环状供电 looply connected power supply246 缓动继电器 slow-acting relay247 缓放继电器 slow release relay248 缓放时间 slow release time249 缓吸继电器 slow pick-up relay250 缓吸时间 slow pick-up time251 汇流条 bus-bar252 混合电源 ac-battery power source253 混合供电制 ac-battery power supply system254 机车感应器 locomotive inductor255 机车接近通知 approaching announcing in cab256 机车设备 locomotive equipment257 机车信号测试区段 cab signaling testing section258 机车信号作用点 cab signaling inducter location259 机务段联系电路 liaison circuit with a locodepot260 机械臂板信号机 mechanically operated semaphore signal261 机械化驼峰设备 mechanized hump yard equipment262 机械集中联锁 mechanical interlocking263 机械锁闭 mechanical locking264 基本进路 basic route265 基本联锁电路 fundamental interlocking circuit266 极性检查电路 polarity checking circuit267 集中道岔 centrally operated switch268 集中电源 centrally connected power source269 集中供电 centrally connected power supply270 挤岔报警 alarm for a trailed switch271 挤切 dissectible272 挤切销 dissectible pin273 挤脱 trailable274 计划修 planned maintenance275 计轴自动闭塞 automatic block with axle counter276 继电并联传递网路 successively worked parallel relay network 277 继电并联网路 parallel relay network278 继电串联网路 series relay network279 继电器防震架 shock absorber base for relays280 继电器控制电源 power source for relay control281 继电器灵敏度 relay sensitivity282 继电器释放 relay released283 继电器吸起 relay energized284 继电器箱 relay case285 继电式电气集中联锁 all-relay interlocking286 加封 sealing287 加速推送信号 humping fast signal288 尖端杆 front rod of a point289 监督对象 surveillanced object290 减速器工作状态 retarder in working state291 减速器缓解状态 retarder released292 减速器接近限界 clearance of a retarder293 减速器制动状态 retarder in closed state294 减速推送信号 humping slow signal295 减速信号 restriction signal296 检修不良 not well inspected and repaired297 交流电源屏 ac power supply panel298 交流二元二位继电器 ac two element two position relay299 交流供电制 ac power supply system300 交流计数电码轨道电路 ac counting coded track circuit301 交流计数电码自动闭塞 automatic block with ac counting code track ci 302 交流继电器 ac relay303 交直流继电器 ac-dc relay304 较大限制信号 more restrictive signal305 较大允许信号 more favorable signal306 接车进路信号机 route signal for receiving307 接车信号 receiving signal308 接触不良 bad contact309 接地报警 grounding alarm310 接点闭合 contact closed311 接点断开 contact open312 接点系统 contact system313 接点压力 contact pressure314 接发车进路信号机 route signal for receiving-departure315 接杆 pipe jaw316 接近表示 approach indication317 接近发码 coding during train approaching318 接近连续式机车信号 approach continuous cab signaling 319 接近区段 approach section320 接近锁闭 approach locking321 接收线圈 receiving coil322 解除闭塞 block cleared323 解锁按钮盘 manual release button panel324 解锁电路 release circuit325 解锁进路 released route326 解锁力 releasing force327 尽头信号机 signal for stub-end track328 近程监督分区 directly surveillanced subsection329 近程网路 directly surveillanced network330 进路表 route sheet331 进路表示器 route indicator332 进路表示器电路 route indicator circuit333 进路操纵作业 semi-automatic operation by route334 进路储存器 route storaging devices335 进路电路 route selecting circuit336 进路分段解锁 sectional release of a locked route337 进路继电式电气集中联 route type all-relay interlocking 338 进路解锁 route release339 进路人工解锁 manual route release340 进路锁闭 route locking341 进路锁闭表示 route locking indication342 进路信号机 route signal343 进路一次解锁 route release at once344 进行信号 proceed signal345 进站信号机 home signal346 警惕按钮 acknowledgment button347 警惕手柄 acknowledgment lever348 静态长度 car space349 局部电源 locally supplied power source 350 局部控制 local control351 局部控制电路 local control circuit352 局部控制盘 local control panel353 绝对信号 absolute signal354 绝缘不良 bad insulation355 开路式轨道电路 open type track circuit 356 开通 put into operation357 可调拐肘 adjustable crank358 空气压缩机室 air compressor room359 控制点 controlling point360 控制对象 controlled object361 控制盘 control panel362 控制台单元 control desk element363 控制台室 control room364 控制周期 control cycle365 快动继电器 quick-acting relay366 快速转辙机 quick-acting switch machine 367 快吸继电器 quick pick-up relay368 拉钮 pull-out button369 雷达测速器 radar speedometer370 雷电干扰 lightning interference371 离去表示 departure indication372 离去区段 departure section373 励磁电路 energizing circuit374 连接杆 pipe link375 连续式轨道电路 continuous track circuit376 联锁表 interlocking table377 联锁道岔 interlocked switch378 联锁区 interlocking area379 联锁图表 interlocking chart and table380 联锁箱 point detector381 联锁箱联锁 interlocking by point detector382 联系电路 liaison circuit383 两点检查 released by checking two sections384 列车运行控制系统 train operation control system385 列车自动调速 automatic train speed regulation386 列车自动限速 automatic train speed restriction387 邻线干扰 interference from neighboring line388 零层端子 terminals of layer 0 of a relay rack389 溜放进路自动控制 automatic switching control of humping yard by rou 390 溜放速度自动控制 automatic rolling down speed control391 漏解锁 missing release392 漏锁闭 missing locking393 路牌 tablet394 路牌携带器 tablet pouch395 路牌自动授收机 automatic tablet exchanger396 路签 train staff397 路签携带器 staff pouch398 路签自动授收机 automatic staff exchanger399 乱显示 false indication400 轮修 alternative maintenance401 脉冲继电器 impulse relay402 脉冲式轨道电路 pulse track circuit403 密贴调整杆 adjustable switch operating rod404 灭火花电路 spark extinguishing circuit405 摩擦电流 frictional working current406 摩擦联结器 frictional clutch407 目标打靶控制 target shooting408 内燃牵引干扰 diesel traction interference409 排列进路 route setting410 偏极继电器 polar biased relay411 票据传送设备 classification list conveyer system412 破封 break a seal413 牵纵拐肘 escapement414 前接点 front contact415 前圈 front coil416 强电干扰 high voltage interference417 桥梁通知设备 bridge announciating device418 桥梁遮断信号 bridge obstruction signal419 切断音响按钮 button for cut-off an audible signal420 侵入限界绝缘 insulated joint located within the clearance limit 421 区段锁闭 section locking422 区段遥控 remote control for a section423 区段占用表示 section occupancy indication424 区间封锁 section closed up425 区间空闲 section cleared426 区间联系电路 liaison circuit with block signaling427 取消闭塞 to cancel a block428 取消进路 to cancel a route429 去禁溜线信号 shunting signal to prohibitive humping line430 热力继电器 thermal relay431 人工分路 manual shunt432 人工解锁 manual release433 人工解锁表示 manual release indication434 人为故障 human failure435 容许信号 permissive signal436 熔断器断丝 fuse burn-out437 熔断器断丝报警 fuse break alarm438 塞钉式钢轨接续线 plug bond439 三点检查 released by checking three sections440 三显示自动闭塞 three-aspect automatic block441 闪光电源 flashing power source442 设备停用 equipment out-of use443 失去联锁 loss of interlocking444 施工妨碍 construction interference445 事故照明 emergency lighting446 释放时间 drop away time447 释放值 release value448 手柄 handle449 手动调压 manual voltage regulation450 受电端 receiving end451 枢纽遥控 remote control of a junction terminal452 双断 double break453 双轨条式轨道电路 double rail track circuit454 双面调车信号机 signal for shunting forward and backward455 双频感应器 double frequency inductor456 双线臂板信号机 double wire semaphore signal457 双线继电半自动闭塞 double track all-relay semi-automatic block system458 双向自动闭塞 double-direction running automatic block459 双重控制 dual control460 水分离器 water separator461 水鹤表示器 water crane indicator462 顺向重叠进路 route with overlapped section in the same directio 463 瞬时分路 instantaneous shunt464 瞬时分路不良 instantaneous loss of shunting465 死区段 dead section466 四点检查 released by checking four sections467 四显示自动闭塞 four-aspect automatic block468 送电端 feed end469 送受分开电路 sending and receiving separated circuit470 速差制信号 speed signaling471 隧道通知设备 tunnel announciating device472 隧道遮断信号 tunnel obstruction signal473 锁闭电路 locking circuit474 锁闭杆 locking rod475 锁闭力 locking force476 锁闭系统 locking system477 条件电源 conditional power source478 条件电源屏 conditional power supply panel479 跳线 jumper480 铁道信号 railway signaling481 听觉信号 audible signal482 停车信号 stop signal483 停电 power failure484 通过按钮电路 through button circuit485 通过信号 through signal486 通过信号机 block signal487 同意按钮盘 agreement button panel488 推峰速度自动控制 automatic control for humping speed489 推送小车辆 propelling trolley490 推送信号 start humping signal491 脱轨表示器 derail indicator492 脱线修 off line maintenance493 驼峰电气集中 electric interlocking for hump yard494 驼峰复示信号机 humping signal repeater495 驼峰机车遥控 remote control of hump engines496 驼峰机械修理室 hump mechanics repair room497 驼峰溜放控制系统 humping control system498 驼峰信号机 hump signal499 晚点表示 delaying time indication500 微机-继电式电气集中? microcomputer-relay interlocking501 微机联锁 microcomputer interlocking502 维修不良 not well maintained503 无岔区段 section without a switch504 无极继电器 neutral relay505 误用故障 misuse fault506 吸起时间 pick-up time507 吸起值 pick-up value508 下峰信号 down hump trimming signal509 下坡道防护电路 protection circuit for approaching heavy down grad 510 显示距离 range of a signal511 线路点 field location512 线路区段 track section513 线路占用表示 track occupancy indication514 线路遮断表示器 track obstruction indicator515 线群出站信号机 group starting signal516 线束减速器 group retarder517 线头脱落 wire lead drop out518 限界检查器 clearance treadle519 限时人工解锁 manual time release520 相敏轨道电路 phase detecting track circuit521 小站电气集中联锁 relay interlocking for small station 522 信号大修 signal overhaul repair523 信号点 signal location524 信号复示器 signal repeater525 信号故障 signal fault526 信号关闭 signal at stop527 信号关闭表示 stop signal indication528 信号机点灯电路 signal lighting circuit529 信号机点灯电源 signal lighting power source530 信号机后方 in rear of a signal531 信号机前方 in advance of a signal532 信号集中修 signal centralized maintenance533 信号检修 signal inspection534 信号开放 signal at clear535 信号开放表示 cleared signal indication536 信号控制电路 signal control circuit537 信号桥 signal bridge538 信号托架 signal bracket539 信号握柄 signal lever540 信号无效标 signal out of order sign541 信号选别器 signal slot542 信号整治 signal renovation543 信号中修 signal intermediate repair544 行车记录设备 train movement recording equipment545 行车信号机 train signal546 蓄电池供电 storage battery power supply547 蓄电池室 battery room548 选路 route selection549 选路制信号 route signaling550 循环检查制 cyclic scanning system551 咽喉信号机 signal in throat section552 遥控区段 remotely controlled section553 遥信区段 remotely surveillanced section554 夜间信号 night signal555 一次参数 primary parameter556 一次电池供电 primary cell power supply557 一送多受 single feeding and multiple receiving track circui 558 油压动力室 hydraulic pressure engine room559 有极继电器 polarized relay560 迂回进路 detour route561 预办闭塞 preworking a block562 预防维修 preventive maintenance563 预告标 warning signs for approaching a station564 预告信号 approaching signal565 预告信号机 distant signal566 预排进路 presetting of a route567 远程监督分区 relayed surveillanced subsection568 远程网路 relayed surveillanced network569 钥匙路签 staff with a key570 允许预推信号 permissive prehumping signal571 运行图描绘仪 train diagram plotter572 在线修 on line maintenance573 占线表示 occupancy indication574 站场型网路 geographical circuitry575 站间联系电路 liaison circuit between stations576 站界标 station limit sign577 站内道口联系电路 liaison circuit with highway crossings within the 578 照查锁闭 check locking579 遮断信号 obstruction signal580 遮断信号按钮 obstruction signal button581 遮断信号机 obstruction signal582 遮断预告信号机 approach obstruction signal583 整流继电器 rectifier relay584 整流器供电 rectifier power supply585 正常动作继电器 normal acting relay586 正装 right-handed machine587 直角拐肘 right angle crank588 直流电源屏 dc power supply panel589 直流供电制 dc power supply system590 直流轨道电路 dc track circuit591 直流继电器 dc relay592 中继站 repeater station593 中间电缆盒 intermediate cable terminal box594 中途返回 midway return operation595 中心控制 centrallized control596 终端电缆盒 cable terminal box597 重叠区段 overlap section598 重复检查 repeated checking599 重力继电器 gravitation type relay600 昼间信号 day signal601 昼夜通用信号 signal for day and night602 主灯丝断丝报警 alarm for burnout of a main filament603 主电源 main power source604 主体信号机 main signal605 注意信号 caution signal606 转换时间 transfer time607 转换锁闭器 switch-and-lock mechanism608 转极时间 pole-changing time609 转极值 pole-changing value610 转向杆 deflecting bar611 转辙机安装装置 switch machine installation612 转辙锁闭器 plunger lock613 追钩 catch up614 自闭电路 self-stick circuit615 自动闭塞联系电路 liaison circuit with automatic blocks 616 自动操纵作业 automatic operation617 自动抄车号 automatic car identification618 自动点灯 automatic lighting619 自动调压 automatic voltage regulation620 自动化驼峰系统 automatic hump yard system621 自动缓解 false release by itself622 自动开闭器 switch circuit controller623 自动栏木 automatic operated barrier624 自动通过按钮电路 automatically through button circuit 625 自动限时解锁 automatic time release626 自动转接 automatic switching over627 自复式按钮 nonstick button628 综合架 composite rack629 总出站信号机 advance starting signal630 组合 unit block631 组合端子 terminals of a unit block632 组合柜 modular block rack633 组合继电器 combination relay634 组合架 unit block assembly rack635 组合式电气集中联锁 unit-block type relay interlocking 636 组合式信号机构 modular type signal mechanism637 组匣 modular block638 组匣端子 terminals of a modular block639 组匣柜 modular block rack640 组匣式电气集中联锁 modular type relay interlocking 641 最大限制信号 most restrictive signal642 最大允许信号 most favorable signal。
智能交通信号控制中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文:Intelligent Traffic Signal Control Using Wireless SensorNetworksVignesh.Viswanathan and Vigneshwar. SanthanamAbstract:The growing vehicle population in all developing and developed countries calls for a major change in the existing traffic signaling systems. The most widely used automated system uses simple timer based operation which is inefficient for non-uniform traffic. Advanced automated systems in testing use image processingtechniques or advanced communication systems in vehicles to communicate with signals and ask for routing. This might not be implementable in developing countries as they prove to be complex and expensive. The concept proposed in this paper involves use of wireless sensor networks to sense presence of traffic near junctions and hence route the traffic based on traffic density in the desired direction. This system does not require any system in vehicles so can be implemented in any traffic system easily. This system uses wireless sensor networks technology to sense vehicles and a microcontroller based routing algorithm for traffic management.Keywords:Intelligent traffic signals, intelligent routing, smart signals, wireless sensor networks.I. INTRODUCTIONThe traffic density is escalating at an alarming rate in developing countries which calls for the need of intelligent traffic signals to replace the conventional manual and timer based systems. Experimental systems in existence involve image processing based density identification for routing of traffic which might be inefficient in situations like fog, rain or dust. The other conceptual system which is based on interaction of vehicles with traffic signals and each other require hardware modification on each vehicle and cannot be practically implemented in countrieslike India which have almost 100 million vehicles on road [1]. The system proposed here involves localized traffic routing for each intersection based on wireless sensor networks. The proposed system has a central controller at every junction which receives data from tiny wireless sensor nodes placed on the road. The sensor nodes have sensors that can detect the presence of vehicle and the transmitter wirelessly transmits the traffic density to the central controller. The controller makes use of the proposed algorithm to find ways to regulate traffic efficiently.II. THE NEED FOR AN ALTERNATE SYSTEMT he most prevalent traffic signaling system in developing countries is the timer based system. This system involves a predefined time setting for each road at anintersection. While this might prove effective for light traffic, heavy traffic requires an adaptive system that will work based on the density of traffic on each road. The first system proposed for adaptive signaling was based on digital image processing techniques. This system works based on the captured visual input from the roads and processing them to find which road has dense traffic. This system fails during environmental interaction like rain or fog. Also this system in testing does not prove efficient. The advanced system in testing at Pittsburgh [2] involves signals communicating with each other and also with the vehicles. The proposed system does not require a network between signals and vehicles and is a standalone system at each intersection.III. THE PROPOSED SYSTEMThis paper presents the concept of intelligent traffic routing using wireless sensor networks. The primary elements of this system are the sensor nodes or motes consisting of sensors and a transmitter. The sensors interact with the physical environment while the transmitter pages the sensor’s data to the central controller. This system involves the 4 x 2 array of sensor nodes in each road. This signifies 4 levels of traffic and 2 lanes in each road. The sensors are ultrasonic or IR based optical sensors which transmits status based on presence of vehicle near it. The sensor nodes transmit at specified time intervals via ZigBee protocol to the central controller placed at every intersection. The controller receives the signal and computes which road and which lane has to be given green signal based on the density of traffic. The controller makes use of the discussed algorithm to perform the intelligent traffic routing.IV. COMPONENTS INVOLVED IN THE SYSTEMThe proposed system involves wireless sensor networks which are comprised of three basic components: the sensor nodes or motes, power source and a central controller. The motes in turn are comprised of Sensors and transceiver module. The sensors sense the vehicles at intersections and transceiver transmit the sensor’s data tothe central controller through a wireless medium. The Power source provides the power needed for the sensor nodes and is mostly regenerative. The central controller performs all the computations for the sensor networks. The controller receives the input from all sensors and processes simultaneously to make the required decisions.A.SensorsSensors are hardware devices that produce a measurable response to a change in a physical condition like temperature or pressure. Sensors measure physical data of the parameter to be monitored. The continual analog signal produced by the sensors is digitized by an analog-to-digital converter and sent to controllers for further processing. A sensor node should be small in size, consume extremely low energy, operate in high volumetric densities, be autonomous and operate unattended, and be adaptive to the environment. As wireless sensor nodes are typically very small electronic devices, they can only be equipped with a limited power source of less than 0.5-2 ampere-hour and 1.2-3.7 volts. Sensors are classified into three categories: passive Omni-directional sensors; passive narrow-beam sensors; and active sensors [3].The sensors are implemented in this system placed beneath the roads in an intersection or on the lane dividers on each road. The sensors are active obstacle detectors that detect the presence of vehicles in their vicinity. The sensors are set in four levels on each road signifying four levels of traffic from starting from the STOP line. The fourth level indicates high density traffic and signifies higher priority for the road to the controller. The sensors required for obstacle detection can be either ultrasonic or Infrared LASER based sensors for better higher efficiency.B. MotesA mote, also known as a sensor node is a node in a wireless sensor network that is capable of performing some processing, gathering sensory information and communicating with other connected nodes in the network. The main components of a sensor node are a microcontroller, transceiver, external memory, power source andone or more sensors [3].Fig. 1 Block Diagram of a MoteC. Need for MotesThe primary responsibility of a Mote is to collect information from the various distributed sensors in any area and to transmit the collected information to the central controller for processing. Any type of sensors can be incorporated with these Motes based on the requirements. It is a completely new paradigm for distributed sensing and it opens up a fascinating new way to look at sensor networks.D. Advantages of Motes●The core of a mote is a small, low-cost, low-power controller.●The controller monitors one or more sensors. It is easy to interface all sorts ofsensors, including sensors for temperature, light, sound, position, acceleration, vibration, stress, weight, pressure, humidity, etc. with the mote.●The controller connects to the central controller with a radio link. The mostcommon radio links allow a mote to transmit at a distance of about 3 to 61 meters.Power consumption, size and cost are the barriers to longer distances. Since a fundamental concept with motes is tiny size and associated tiny cost, small and low-power radios are normal.●As motes shrink in size and power consumption, it is possible to imagine solarpower or even something exotic like vibration power to keep them running. It ishard to imagine something as small and innocuous as a mote sparking a revolution, but that's exactly what they have done.Motes are also easy to program, either by using serial or Ethernet cable to connect to the programming board or by using Over the Air Programming (OTAP).Fig. 2 Block Diagram of the Proposed SystemE. TransceiversSensor nodes often make use of ISM band, which gives free radio, spectrum allocation and global availability. The possible choices of wireless transmission media are radio frequency (RF), optical communication and infrared. Lasers require less energy, but need line-of-sight for communication and are sensitive to atmospheric conditions. Infrared, like lasers, needs no antenna but it is limited in its broadcasting capacity. Radio frequency-based communication is the most relevant that fits most of the WSN applications. WSNs tend to use license-free communication frequencies: 173, 433, 868, and 915 MHz; and 2.4 GHz. The functionality of bothtransmitter and receiver are combined into a single deviceknown as a transceiver [3].To bring about uniqueness in transmitting and receiving toany particular device various protocols/algorithms are devised. The Motes are often are often provided with powerful transmitters and receivers collectively known as transceivers for better longrange operation and also toachieve better quality of transmission/reception in any environmental conditions.F. Power SourceT he sensor node consumes power for sensing, communicating and data processing. More energy is required for data communication than any other process. Power is stored either in batteries or capacitors. Batteries, both rechargeable and non-rechargeable, are the main source of power supply for sensor nodes. Current sensors are able to renew their energy from solar sources, temperature differences, or vibration. Two power saving policies used are Dynamic Power Management (DPM) and Dynamic V oltage Scaling (DVS). DPM conserves power by shutting down parts of the sensor node which are not currently used or active. A DVS scheme varies the power levels within the sensor node depending on the non-deterministic workload. By varying the voltage along with the frequency, it is possible to obtain quadratic reduction in power consumption.G. Tmote SkyTmote Sky is an ultra low power wireless module for use in sensor networks, monitoring applications, and rapid application prototyping. Tmote Sky leverages industry standards like USB and IEEE802.15.4 to interoperate seamlessly with other devices. By using industry standards, integrating humidity, temperature, and light sensors, and providing flexible interconnection with peripherals, Tmote Sky enables a wide range of mesh network applications [4]. The TMote is one of the most commonly used motes in wireless sensor technology. Any type of sensor can be used in combination with this type of mote.Tmote Sky features the Chipcon CC2420 radio for wireless communications. The CC2420 is an IEEE 802.15.4 compliant radio providing the PHY and some MAC functions [5]. With sensitivity exceeding the IEEE 802.15.4 specification and low power operation, the CC2420 provides reliable wireless communication. The CC2420 is highly configurable for many applications with the default radio settings providing IEEE 802.15.4 compliance. ZigBee specifications can be implemented using the built-in wireless transmitter in the Tmote Sky.Fig. 3 Tmote SkyH. Tmote Key Features•250kbps 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4 Chipcon Wireless Transceiver• Interoperability with other IEEE 802.15.4 devices.•8MHz Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller (10k RAM, 48k Flash Memory)• Integrated ADC, DAC, Supply V oltage Supervisor, and DMA Controller• Integrated onboard antenna with 50m range indoors / 125m range outdoors• Integrated Humidity, Temperat ure, and Light sensors• Ultra low current consumption• Fast wakeup from sleep (<6μs)• Hardware link-layer encryption and authentication• Programming and data collection via USB• 16-pin expansion support and optional SMA antenna connector• TinyOS support : mesh networking and communication implementation• Complies with FCC Part 15 and Industry Canada regulations• Environmentally friendly – complies with RoHS regulations [4].I. ZigBee Wireless TechnologyZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level communication protocols using small, low-power digital radios based on an IEEE 802.15.4 standard for personal area networks [6] [7]. ZigBee devices are often used in mesh network form to transmit data over longer distances, passing data through intermediate devices to reach more distant ones.This allows ZigBee networks to be formed ad-hoc, with nocentralized control or high-power transmitter/receiver able to reach all of the devices. Any ZigBee device can be tasked with running the network. ZigBee is targeted at applications that require a low data rate, long battery life, and secure networking. ZigBee has a defined rate of 250kbps, best suited for periodic or intermittent data or a single signal transmissionfrom a sensor or input device. Applications include wireless light switches, electrical meters with in-home-displays, traffic management systems, and other consumer and industrial equipment that requires short-range wireless transfer of data at relatively low rates. The technology defined by the ZigBee specification is intended to be simpler and less expensive than other WPANs, such as Bluetooth.J. Types of ZigBee DevicesZigBee devices are of three types:●ZigBee Coordinator (ZC): The most capable device, the Coordinator forms theroot of the network tree and might bridge to other networks. There is exactly one ZigBee Coordinator in each network since it is the device that started the network originally. It stores information about the network, including acting as the Trust Center & repository for security keys. The ZigBee Coordinator the central controller is in this system.●ZigBee Router (ZR): In addition to running an application function, a devicecan act as an intermediate router, passing on data from other devices.●ZigBee End Device (ZED): It contains just enough functionality to talk to theparent node. It cannot relay data from other devices. This relationship allows the node to be asleep a significant amount of the time thereby giving long battery life. A ZED requires the least amount of memory, and therefore can be less expensive to manufacture than a ZR or ZC.K. ZigBee ProtocolsThe protocols build on recent algorithmic research to automatically construct a low-speed ad-hoc network of nodes. In most large network instances, the network will be a cluster of clusters. It can also form a mesh or a single cluster. The current ZigBeeprotocols support beacon and non-beacon enabled networks. In non-beacon-enabled networks, an un-slotted CSMA/CA channel access mechanism is used. In this type of network, ZigBee Routers typically have their receivers continuously active, requiring a more robust power supply. However, this allows for heterogeneous networks in which some devices receive continuously, while others only transmit when an external stimulus is detected. In beacon-enabled networks, the special network nodes called ZigBee Routers transmit periodic beacons to confirm their presence to other network nodes. Nodes may sleep between beacons, thus lowering their duty cycle and extending their battery life. Beacon intervals depend on data rate; they may range from 15.36ms to 251.65824s at 250 kbps. In general, the ZigBee protocols minimize the time the radio is on, so as to reduce power use. In beaconing networks, nodes only need to be active while a beacon is being transmitted. In non-beacon-enabled networks, power consumption is decidedly asymmetrical: some devices are always active, while others spend most of their time sleeping.V. PROPOSED ALGORITHMA. Basic AlgorithmConsider a left side driving system (followed in UK, Australia, India, Malaysia and 72 other countries). This system can be modified for right side driving system (USA, Canada, UAE, Russia etc.) quite easily. Also consider a junction of four roads numbered as node 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Traffic flows from each node to three other nodes with varied densities. Consider road 1 now given green signal in all directions.Fig. 4 Intersection Under Consideration1) Free left turn for all roads (free right for right side driving system).2) Check densities at all other nodes and retrieve data from strip sensors.3) Compare the data and compute the highest density.4) Allow the node with highest density for 60sec.5) Allowed node waits for 1 time slot for its turn again and the process is repeated from step 3.B. Advanced AlgorithmAssume road three is currently given green to all directions. All left turns are always free. No signals/sensors for left lane. Each road is given a time slot of maximum 60 seconds at a time. This time can be varied depending on the situation of implementation. Consider 4 levels of sensors Ax, Bx, Cx, Dx with A having highest priority and x representing roads 1 to 4. Also consider 3 lanes of traffic: Left (L), Middle (M) and Right(R) corresponding to the direction of traffic. Since leftturn is free, Left lanes do not require sensors. So sensors form 4x2 arrays with 4 levels of traffic and 2 lanes and are named MAx, RAx, MBx, RBx and so on and totally 32 sensors are employed.The following flow represents the sequence of operation done by the signal.1) Each sensor transmits the status periodically to the controller.2) Controller receives the signals and computes the following3) The sensors Ax from each road having highest priority are compared.4) If a single road has traffic till Ax, it is given green signal in the next time slot.5) If multiple roads have traffic till Ax, the road waiting for the longest duration is given the green.6) Once a road is given green, its waiting time is reset and its sensor status is neglected for that time slot7) If traffic in middle lane, green is given for straight direction, based on traffic, either right side neighbor is given green for right direction, of opposite road is give green for straight direction.8) If traffic in right lane, green is given for right, and based on traffic, left side neighbor is given green for straight or opposite is given green for right.9) Similar smart decisions are incorporated in the signal based on traffic density and directional traffic can be controlled.C. Implementation and RestrictionsThis system can be implemented by just placing the sensor nodes beneath the road or on lane divider and interfacing the central controller to the existing signal lights and connecting the sensor nodes to the controller via the proposed wireless protocol. The only restriction for implementing the system is taking the pedestrians into consideration. This has to be visualized for junctions with heavy traffic such as highway intersections and amount of pedestrians is very less. Also major intersections have underground or overhead footpaths to avoid interaction of pedestrians with heavy traffic.VI. CONCLUSIONThe above proposed system for automated traffic signal routing using Wireless Sensor Networks is advantageous to many existing systems. The wireless sensors nodes create a standalone system at each intersection making it easy to implement in the intersections having heavy density of vehicles. It is also cost inexpensive and does not require any system in the vehicles making it more practical than existing systems. The use of various systems of sensor nodes can be altered based on the requirement and any type of sensor can be used based on the feasibility of the location.ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe Authors would like to take this opportunity to thank Ms. P. Sasikala, Assistant Professor, ECE department, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, who gave the basic insight into the field of Wireless Sensor Networks. We also thank Mrs. G. Padmavathi, Associate Professor, ECE department, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, who with her expertise in the field of networks advised and guided on practicality of the concept and provided helpful ideas for future modifications. We also express our gratitude to Dr. S. Ganesh Vaidyanathan, Head of the department of ECE, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, who supports us for every innovative project and encourages us “think beyond”for better use of technology. And finally we express our heart filled gratitude to Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, which has been the knowledge house for our education and introduced us to the field of Engineering and supports us for working on various academic projects.基于无线传感器网络的智能交通信号控制摘要:在所有发展中国家和发达国家,不断增长的汽车数量将促使现有的交通信号系统发生重大变革。
中英文资料外文翻译原文:A Simulation of Arc Generation at AC-DC Neutral Section of Electric RailwayAbstract--This paper provides an experimental and theoretical analysis of the arc discharges generated between contact wire and pantograph of high speed railway.A video-based arc detection device is installed on the KTX train, and arc discharges are measured for a 45.87km track section of high speed railway in Korea. It is measured that the rate of contact loss is 0.3% which is lower than the regulated value of 1.0% for high speed train, and arc discharges induced by 21 small size contact losses and 6 medium size contact losses occur continuously along the track. The power of arc discharge between contact wire and pantograph is calculated as 9.0~22.5[kW] which is approximately one-hundredth of that of the arc discharges generated at the neutral section of contact wire. The results of the measurement and the analysis suppose that a study be followed to suppress arc discharges and contact wire damages for the safe operation of high speed railway.Index Terms—Electric railway;arc discharge;contact loss;contact wire; pantograph;neutral section.I.NOMENCLATURES/S : Sub-Station of Electric RailwaySP : Sectioning PostSSP : Sub- Sectioning PostAT : Auto-TransformerTF : Trolley FeederAF : Auto- Transformer FeederFPW : Fault Protective WireNW : Neutral WireNS : Neutral SectionCCTV: Closed Circuit TelevisionEMI: Electromagnetic InterferenceLAN: Local Area NetworkMCB: Main Circuit BreakerKTX: Korea Train ExpressII.INTRODUCTIONCatenary systems play a important role in supplying electric power without interruption to trains moving fast. The pantographs installed on train collect currents for traction while keeping in contact with the catenary system. Arc discharges occur between the contact wire and the pantographs, when the pantographs happen to lose contact with the contact wire.Arc discharge also occurs when the train passes through the AC-DC neutral section of the catenary system where electricity is not supplied. These arc discharges give rise to many problems such as spoiling the contact wire and the pantographs,and inducing EMI phenomena,audible noises and other environmental pollutions.Arc discharges generally have large heating power which may spoil the slider of pantograph made of sintered alloy and even breaks the contact wires.V oltage surges induced by arc discharges may produce EMI problems to the small size environment or mal-operation of electronic devices on the train. The damages caused by arc discharge will be more critical for high speed railway.The faster train moves,the more difficult to keeping in contact with catenary for pantograph. Moreover, as train speeds up, the train traction currents should be increased,which inevitably give rise to larger arc discharges.This paper provides an experimental and theoretical analysis of the arc discharges generated between the contact wire and the pantograph of high speed railway. A designated arc detection device is installed on the KTX train, and arc discharges are measured for a 45.87[km] track section of high speed railway.Arc generation frequency, arc current and arc size is measured along the track.A data analysis and an arc power model is suggested too.III. ARC DISCHARGES BETWEEN CONTACT WIRE ANDPANTOGRAPHThe power supply system of electric railway consists of S/S and catenary system.S/S converts three phase 154[kV] electric power to single phase 25[kV] being suitable for supplying to train.High speed railway adopts AT feeding system which can supply large electric power for long distance as shown in Fig. 1. The S/S supplies AC 50[kV] to AT, and AT supply AC 25[kV] to train. The converted electric power is supplied to train by way of the catenary system which is composed of a contact wire,a messenger wire and hangers.The main purpose of the catenary system is to supply electric power without interruption to trains moving fast.The pantographs installed on train collect electric power while contacting the contact wire of the catenary system.Fig. 2. Shows the configuration of the catenary system. The pantograph is connected to the contact wire by its lift force against the contact wire. Contact wires supported by hangers and supporting structures has uneven stiffness points which give rise to contact losses.Moreover,as train speed up,contact loss happens more frequently.Arc discharges occur between the contact wire and the pantographs, when the pantographs happen to lose contact with the contact wire.The contact loss phenomena are classified into three groups according to their duration; small size, medium size and large size. Small size contact loss is induced by delicate vibration of pantograph,and continues for several tenths of a second. Medium size contact losses occur when trains pass through the uneven stiff point of the contact wire, and continues for a second and below. Large size contact losses, continuing for several seconds,are induced by jumping movements of pantograph after passing through bracket supporting points of contact wire.Contact wires have several neutral sections insulated from other parts of contact wires,in other words dead sections,which divide the sections having different phases and different supply voltages such as AC 25,000[V] or DC 1,500[V]. Trains should go into the neutral sections after making notch-off operation which breaks the train current by MCB, otherwise the train current is interrupted by theneutral section which result in a large arc discharge between the contact wire and the pantograph as shown in Fig. 2.This arc discharge also happens when train go into the voltage-supplied section from the neutral section.IV.MEASUREMENT OF CONTACT LOSS BETWEEN CONTACTWIRE AND PANTOGRAPHA.Measurement deviceFig. 4. Shows the system block diagram of arc measurement device.The device, installed on the KTX train moving at the speed of 300[km/h],measures contact force between contact wire and pantograph,vibration acceleration of pantograph, and the shape of arc discharge.Strain gauges are installed on the bow and arms of pantograph to measure the acceleration and contact force.Table 1 shows the specifications of the sensors.The image of arc discharge is captured by CCTV camera activated by arc detection sensor.Fig. 5 shows a captured image of arc discharge. All the data measured by on-board device are transmitted to wayside server via wireless LAN.B.Measurement data analysisThe measurement has been carried out at the 45.78[km] track section of high speed railway with 300[km/h] train operation. Table 2 shows the results of the measurement; time, location of arc discharge,arc strength,the length of contact loss, train speed,arc current,and pantograph voltage.Fig. 6 show a train speed profile with voltage and current distributions.While KTX train moves on the 45.78[km] track section, 21 small size contact losses and 6 medium size contact losses are observed and rge size contact loss was not detected at the experiment. The rate of contact loss is defined as;rate of contact loss = sum of contact loss time ×100[%] (1)total operation timeKorean railroad corporation suggests the rate of contact loss for high speed railway should be lower than 1.0[%]. Based on the measured data in Table 2,the rate of contact loss is calculated as 0.31[%], which means the catenary system and the pantograph of KTX fulfill the regulation in Korea. Nevertheless, it should be noted that some arc discharges are occurring continuously during the high speed operation of KTX.C. Modeling of arc dischargeThe instantaneous power of arc discharge is described by arc voltage va , and arc current i as follows,i v p a ⋅= (2) The average power of arc discharge can be calculated by integrating over the period T.⎰⎰⋅⋅=⋅⋅=T a T idt v T pdt T P 0011 (3) It is reported that the voltage and current of arc discharge at AC circuit have the waveforms shown in Fig.7[8].The arc voltage has constant value V during half the period, depicted by square wave. Thus, the equation(3) for average power of arc discharge can be simplified by setting va = Va .The current wave form of AC arc discharge in Fig. 7 is approximately sinusoidal having some harmonic.Neglecting the harmonics which is evaluated as several hundredths of fundamental wave, arc current can be approximated ast I i ωsin 2= (5) Consequently, the average power isI V tdt I T V P a Ta 9.0sin 210=⋅=⎰ω (6)Where I is effective value of AC current, and V is arc voltage that can be measured by voltmeter.The arc discharge between contact wire and pantograph has the followingcharacteristics. Arc currents are very large up to 500[A].Arc discharge between contact wire and pantograph can be simulated by arc discharge between bar and plate. Fig.8 shows a typical voltage-current characteristics of high current arc discharge between bar and plate. As the arc current is 500[A] in Table 2, arc voltage can be estimated as 20~50[V] according to displacement between contact wire and pantograph from Fig. 8. Thus, the power of arc discharge between contact wire and pantograph is calculated to be 9.0~22.5[kV A] by equation (6). The power of arc discharge between contact wire and pantograph is approximately one-hundredth of that of the arc discharges generated at the neutral section of contact wire.V. CONCLUSIONArc discharges between the contact wire and pantograph have been measured on the KTX train along 45.87km track using a video-based arc detection device. Although the rate of contact loss is measured as 0.3% which is lower than the regulated value of 1.0%,arc discharges occurs continuously along the track induced by 21 small size contact losses and 6 medium size contact losses.The power of arc discharge between contact wire and pantograph is calculated as 9.0~22.5[kW] which is approximately one-hundredth of that of the arc discharges generated at the neutral section of contact wire.The results reveal that the study be followed to suppress arc discharges and contact wire damages for the safe operation of high speed train.译文:电力机车交-直分相装置上产生电弧的仿真实验摘要---本文提供了一个实验和理论分析了高速铁路中接触网和受电弓之间产生的电弧放电现象。
铁道信号常用术语中英文对照附录 A 铁道 ___常用术语 1.按 ___设备分类 ___装置类术语矮型 ___机 dwarf signal 半自动 ___机 semi-auto ___ticsignal ___ ___ alarming signal 臂板 ___机 se ___phoresignal 差速制 ___ speed signal 车上 ___设备 cab signal devi ___ 车站 ___ station signal; signaling at stations 出站 ___ starting signal 出站 ___机 starting signal 出站 ___机复示器repeater of starting signal 从属 ___机 dependent signal; subsidiary signal 错误关闭 ___ false stopping of a signal错误开放 ___ wrong clearing of a signal 单线臂板 ___机single wire se ___phore signal 单置 ___点 single signal location 灯列式 ___机 position light signal 敌对 ___ conflicting signal 地面 ___ trackside signal; ground signal地面 ___设备 trackside signal facility 点式机车 ___ intermittent type cab signaling; intermittent type cab signaling 电动臂板 ___机 electric se ___phore signal 调车___ shunting signal 发车进路 ___机 route signal for departure 发车 ___ departure signal 发光 ___ aident waring flash signal 发音 ___ aident warning audible signal 返还系数 release factor 防护 ___ protecting signal; protection signal 防止重复 ___机 stick signal 复示 ___ repeatingsignal 复示 ___机 repeating signal 感应式机车 ___ inductive cab signaling 高速铁路 High Speed Railway 通过 ___ through signal 通过 ___机 passing signal 通过 ___机 block signal 透镜式色灯 ___机 multi-lens colour light signal;multi-lenses signal 推送 ___ start humping signal 驼峰机车 ___ hump cab signaling驼峰 ___ hump signal; humping signal 无线机车 ___ radio cab signaling 下峰 ___ down hump trimming signal 线别表示灯track ___rker 线号表示器 track number indicator 线路开通表示灯 opening route indication; routeclear light 线群出站___机 group starting signal 响墩 ___ detonating signal ___标志 signal indicator ___表示器 signal repeater ___玻璃signal glass ___测试台 signal test board ___厂 signal shop ___大修 signal overhaul repair ___灯 signal lamp; signal light ___灯泡 signal light bulb ___点 signal location ___电缆 signal cable ___电路图 circuit diagram ___复示器 signal repeater ___复原器 signal reverser; signal slot___供电 signal feeding ___故障 signal fault ___关闭signal at stop ___关闭表示 stop signal indication ___机signal ___机附属设备 signal appendant xx ___机 high signal固定 ___;固定 ___机 fixed signal 号讯 sign 火炬 ___ fusee signal 机车 ___ cab signaling 机车 ___设备 cab signaling equipment; cab signaling eqipment 机械臂板 ___机mechanically operated se ___phore signal 加速推送 ___ humping fast signal 减速防护地段终端 ___牌 released speed signal; slow-speed release signal 减速推送 ___ humping slow signal 减速 ___ restriction signal 减速 ___牌 slow speed signal减速预告 ___ slow speed approach 较大限制 ___ more restrictive signal 较大允许 ___ more favorable signal 接车进路 ___机 route signal for re ___iving 接车 ___ re___iving signal 接发车进路 ___机 route signal for re___iving-departure 接近表示器 approach indicator 接近连续式机车 ___ approach continuous cab signaling 尽头 ___机signal for stub-end track 进路 ___机 route signal 进路预告表示器 preliminary route indicator 进行定位式 ___机 nor___l pro ___ed signal 进行 ___ pro ___ed signal 进站___(机) home signal 禁止 ___标 forbidden movement sign 绝对___ absolute signal 绝对 ___机 absolute signal 连续式机车___ continuous cab signal; continuous type cab signaling列车接近通知 train approach announ ___ment 列车停车标train stop indicator 桥梁遮断 ___ bridge obstruction signal 区间 ___ section signaling; wayside signaling ___机构signal mechani ___ ___机后方 in rear of a signal ___机前方in advan ___(approach)of a signal ___集中修 signal___ntralized ___intenan ___ ___检修 signal inspection ___开放 signal at clear ___开放表示 cleared signal indication___雷管 detonator ___楼 signal box; signal tower ___配线signal wiring ___桥 signal bridge ___燃管 fusee ___色度signal colour fidelity ___施工 signal construction ___手(握)柄 signal lever ___透镜 signal lens ___托架 signal bracket ___维修 signal ___intenan ___ ___握柄 signal lever___无效标 signal out of order sign ___显示 signal visibility; signal aspect andication ___选别器 signal slot ___整治 signal renovation ___中修 signal intermediaterepair ___装置 signal apparatus 行车 ___ running signal; train signal 行车 ___机 train signal 选路制 ___ route signaling 咽喉 ___机 signal in throat section 延续进路suessive route; suessive route 夜间 ___ night signal ______ movable signal ___ ___牌 temporary signal 移频机车 ___ frequency shift cab signal 去禁溜线 ___ shunting signal toprohibitive humping line 容许 ___(机) permissive signal 色灯 ___ colour light signal 色灯 ___机 colour light signal 色灯 ___机 colour light signal; color-light signal 闪光 ___ flashing light signal; flash signal; flashingsignal 事故 ___ aident signal 视觉 ___ vision signal; visual signal 手动 ___机 ___nual signal 手 ___ hand signal; flag signal 手 ___代用器 substitute apparatus for hand signal 双线臂板 ___机 double wire se ___phore signal 速差制___ speed signaling ___遮断 ___ tunnel obstruction signal 探照式色灯 ___机 colour searchlight signal 特殊 ___ aident warning signal 铁路 ___;铁道 ___ railway signaling 铁路 ___装置 railway signaling equipment 听觉 ___ audible signal 停车定位式 ___机 nor ___l stop signal 停车 ___ stop signal 音响 ___ acoustic signal; whistle signal 引导 ___ calling-on signal 引导 ___机 call-on signal; calling-on signal 预告___ approaching signal 预告 ___机 distant signal 允许预推___ permissive prehumping signal 遮断 ___ obstructionsignal 遮断 ___按钮 obstruction signal button遮断 ___机 obstruction signal 遮断预告 ___机 approach obstruction signal 中继 ___标志 repeating signal ___rker 中继 ___机 repeating signal 昼间 ___ day signal 昼夜通用 ___ signal for day and night 主体 ___机 principal signal 注意___ caution signal 自动 ___机 auto ___tic signal 总出站 ___机 advan ___ starting signal 最大限制 ___ most restrictive signal 最大允许 ___ most favorable signal 闭塞类相关术语半自动闭塞半自动闭塞机闭塞闭塞分区闭塞机闭塞手柄闭塞线路闭塞装置常用闭塞方式代用闭塞单线闭塞单线继电半自动闭塞单向自动闭塞 ___闭塞电码自动闭塞电气路牌闭塞电气路签闭塞电子闭塞 semi-auto ___tic block; semi-auto ___tic block system semi-auto ___tic block ___chine blocking; block system block section block instrument blocking lever block line block instrument regular block system substitute block system single line block single track all-relay semi-auto ___tic block systemsingle-directional running auto ___tic block telephone block system auto ___tic block with coded track circuit electric tablet block system electric staff system electronic blocking 二显示自动闭塞非自动闭塞区段分割闭塞分区合并闭塞分区极频自动闭塞计轴闭塞计轴自动闭塞继电半自动闭塞交流计数电码自动闭塞交流计数自动闭塞解除闭塞连动闭塞脉冲自动闭塞区间闭塞取消闭塞人工闭塞三显示自动闭塞双线继电半自动闭塞双向自动闭塞四显示自动闭塞无线闭塞 ___闭塞移频自动闭塞预办闭塞准闭塞法自动闭塞自动闭塞区段保险铁大功率转辙机单动导管装置导线调整器道岔转辙机电磁转辙机电动转辙机电空转辙机电液转辙机垫板 two-aspect auto ___tic block non-auto ___tic block section division of block section incorporation of block section polar frequency coded auto ___tic block; auto ___tic block with polar frequency impulse track axle counter permissive block auto ___tic block with axle counter all-relay semiauto ___tic block; all-relay semi-auto ___tic block syste ___uto ___tic block with ac counting code track circuit ac counting code auto ___tic block block cleared controlled ___nual block pulse auto ___tic block; auto ___tic block with impulse rack circuit section block; section blocked to can ___l a block ___nual block three-aspect auto ___tic block double track all-relay semi-auto ___tic block system double-direction running auto ___tic block four-aspect auto ___tic blockwireless blocking movable block frequency shift modulated auto ___tic block; auto ___tic block with audio frequency shift modulation pre-working a block block applied method auto ___tic block; auto ___tic block system auto ___tic block section 转辙类相关术语 detector bar heavy duty switch ___chine single signal pipe line pint lever electric point ___chine; electric switch ___chine electro pneu ___tic point ___chine; electro pneu ___tic switch___chine electro-hydraulic switch ___chine sole plate 道岔定位(反位)nor ___l(reverse)position of switch 电动转辙机控制器 electric switch controller 电空转辙机控制器electro pneu ___tic switch controller动力转辙机拐肘轨距杆集中握柄尖端杆尖轨动程尖轨接触尖轨密贴快速转辙机密贴调整杆双动脱轨器液压转辙机转辙机转辙机 ___装置转辙机部件 power point ___chine crank gauge tie con ___ntrated lever frame front rod stroke; throw of switch(美)contact of switch fixing of switch quick-acting switch ___chine switch adjuster double derail hydraulic switch___chine switch ___chine switch ___chine installation switch ___chine part 联锁类相关术语表示锁闭 indication locking 不限时人工解锁 ___nual non-time release 错误解锁false release 错误锁闭 false locking 联锁 interlock; interlocking 联锁表 interlocking table 联锁机 interlocking ___chine 联锁区 interlocking area 大站电气集中联锁 relay interlocking for large station 导管装置 pipe installation电机集中联锁 electronic con ___ntration interlocking 电空集中联锁装置 electro-pneu ___tic interlocking devi ___ 电气集中联锁装置 electric interlocking devi ___ 电气联锁机electric mechanical interlocking ___chine 电气锁闭 electric locking 电锁器 electric lock 电锁器联锁 interlocking with electric lock; interlocking by electric locks 反位锁闭reverse locking 联锁设备 interlocking equipment 联锁图表interlocking chart and table 联锁装置 interlocking devi ___ 漏解锁 missing release 漏锁闭 missing locking 路牌锁闭器tablet lock 片面锁闭 facing point lock 区段锁闭 section locking 人工解锁 ___nual release人工解锁表示 ___nual release indication interlocking system with electriclock 非集中联锁 non- ___ntralizedinterlocking 色灯电锁器联锁装置 colourlight 非联锁区 non-interlocking area 机器集中联锁 mechanical interlocking 机械集中联锁装置 mechanical interlocking devi ___ 机械联锁机mechanical interlocking 锁闭力 locking for ___ 失去联锁loss of interlocking 锁闭 lock;locking 锁闭杆 locking rod ___chine 机械锁闭 mechanical locking 集中联锁 ___ntralized interlocking 继电器式电气集中联锁装置 electric relay interlocking devi ___ 继电器式集中联锁装置 relay interlocking devi ___ 接近锁闭 approach locking 解锁release 驼峰电气集中联锁 electric interlocking forhump yard 限时人工解锁 ___nual time releases ___ll station 解锁进路 released route 解锁力 releasing for ___ 进路分段解锁 sectional release of a locked route 进路分段锁闭 sectional route locking 进路解锁 route release 进路人工解锁 ___nual route release 进路锁闭 route locking 进路锁闭表示 route locking indication 进路一次解锁 route release at on ___ 照查手柄 check lever 照查锁闭 check locking 转辙锁闭器 interlocking by point detector 转辙锁闭器 switch-and-lock mechani ___ 自动限时解锁 auto ___tic time release ___表示 signal indication 延时锁闭 timelocking 钥匙锁闭器 key lock 锁闭设备 locking devi ___ 锁闭系统 locking system 条件锁闭 conditional locking解锁按钮盘 ___nual release button panel 小站电气集中联锁relay interlocking for 继电器类相关术语安全型继电器 safety relay 传输继电器 tran ___itting relay 单独操纵继电式电气集individual lever type all-relay interlocking 弹力继电器spring-type relay 电码继电器 code relay 轨道继电器 track relay 缓动继电器 slow-acting relay 缓放继电器 slow release relay 缓吸继电器 slow pick-up relay 继电并联传递网路suessively worked 继电器防震架 shock absorber base for relays 继电器接点 relay contact 继电器灵敏度 relay sensitivity 继电器室 relay house; relay room 继电器释放relay released ___继电器 indicating relay___用继电器 signal relay 有极继电器 polarized relay 整流继电器 rectifier relay 正常动作继电器 nor ___l acting relay 直流继电器 DC relay 重力继电器 gravitation type relay 快动继电器 quick-acting relay 快吸继电器 quick pick-up relay 脉冲继电器 impulse relay 偏极继电器 polar biased relay 热力继电器 ther ___l relay 交流二元二位继电器 AC two element two position relay 交直流继电器 AC-DC relay 进路继电式电气集中联 route type all-relay interlocking 插入式继电器 plug-in relay; plug-in type relay 交流继电器 AC relay 继电器吸起relay energized 继电器线圈 relay coil 座式继电器 desk type relay; shelf-type relay 道口类相关术语道口安全 crossing safety 道口防护 crossing protection道口接近区段 approach section of a highway level crossing 道口控制器 electronic train detector 道口控制器crossing controller 道口栏木 barrier 道口栏木 crossing barrier; cross barrier at grade crossing 道口栏木锁闭器barrier lock 道口闪光 ___ highway level crossing flashing signal 道口事故 level crossing aidents 道口室外音响器highway level crossing out door audible devi ___ 道口通知设备 crossing announcing signal; highway level crossing announcing devi ___ 道口 ___ crossing signal 道口 ___机level crossing signal 道口 ___机 level crossing signal 道口___控制盘 level crossing signal control panel 道口障碍 ___装置 obstruction warning devi ___ for level crossing 道口障碍物检测器 crossing obstructing detector 道口遮断 ___ level crossing obstruction signal 道口自动 ___ crossing auto___tic signal; auto ___tic level crossing signal 列车接近道口表示器 train approach indicator for level crossing 列车进行方向表示器 train direction indicator特殊 ___发光机 obstruction warning indicator 自动栏木auto ___tic barrier 道岔类相关术语岔中绝缘 insulated joint within a turnout 带柄道岔表示器 switch indicator with lever 带柄道岔表示器 switch lever with indicator 带动道岔 switch with follow up movement 弹簧道岔 spring point; spring switch(美) 道岔 point; switch(美) 道岔表示 switchindication 道岔表示器 point indicator; switch indicator(美) 道岔错误表示 false indication of a switch 道岔电路控制器switch circuit controller 道岔定位表示 switch nor ___l indication 道岔反位表示 switch reverse indication 道岔双动机 point lever fro cross over 道岔顺序启动 sequential starting of switches 道岔顺序转换 sequential transiting of switches 道岔锁闭 switch locking; switch point locking 道岔锁闭表示 switch locked indication 道岔握柄 switch lever道岔中途转换 switch thrown under moving cars 道岔转换switch setting; switch in transition 防护道岔 protective turnout 非集中道岔 locally operated switch 非联锁道岔 non-interlocked switch 分路道岔 branching turnout 高速道岔 Highspeed switch 道岔封锁 switch closed up 道岔减摩器 roller point 道岔密贴 switch point closure , Switch close-gap 道岔密贴调整 switch adjustment 道岔启动 switch starting 道岔区段 section with a switch or switches 道岔失去表示 loss of indication of a switch 集中道岔 ___ntrally operated switch 挤岔 splitting of point tongue; forcing open of thepoint 挤岔 ___ alarm for a trailed switch 联锁道岔 interlocked switch 爬越道岔 run-over type point 脱轨道岔 derailing point; switch point derail(美)道岔人工解锁 ___nual release of a locked switch 中岔 Middle switch 电路类相关术语安全电路 vital circuit 半自动闭塞 ___电路 liaisoncircuit with semi-auto ___tic blocks ___电路 warningcircuit 闭路式轨道电路 close type track circuit 表示电路indication circuit 并联式轨道电路 multiply connected track circuit 不对称脉冲轨道电路 asymmetrical impulse trackcircuit 测试电路 testing circuit 长轨道电路 long track circuit 场间 ___电路 liaison circuit between yards 单轨条式轨道电路 single rail track circuit 道岔控制电路 switch control circuit 点灯电路 lighting circuit 电缆敷设 cable laying 电缆敷设机 cable laying ___chine 电缆接续 cable connecting 电路分析 circuit ___ysis 电路设计 circuit design电码轨道电路 coded track circuit 调频轨道电路 frequency modulated track circuit 调整状态 nor ___l state 叠加轨道电路 overlap track circuit 断轨防护 broken rail protection 发车表示器电路 departure indicator circuit type track circuit 方向电路 directional circuit 焊接式钢轨接续线 welded bond 横向接续线 cross bond 后接点 back contact 后圈 back coil 后退 ___ backing signal 基本联锁电路 fundamental interlocking circuit 极频轨道电路 polarfrequencycodedtrackcircuit;polar-frequency pulse track circuit 极性检查电路 polarity checking circuit 极 ___叉 polar reversal; polar transposition 计轴器 axle counter 交流计数电码轨道电路 ac counting coded trackcircuit 接口电路 inte ___ ___ circuit接续线 bond 解锁电路 release circuit 进路表示器电路route indicator circuit 进路电路 route selecting circuit 开环轨道电路 open track circuit 开路式轨道电路 open type track circuit 励磁电路 energizing circuit 连续式轨道电路continuous track circuit ___电路 liaison circuit 脉冲轨道电路 pulse track circuit 灭火花电路 spark extinguishing circuit 旁通接续线 by-pass bond 串联式轨道电路 serially connected track circuit 交流轨道电路 ac track circuit; actrack circuit 阀式轨道电路 value-typetrackcircuit;valve 区间 ___电路 liaison circuit with block signalling 塞钉式钢轨接续线 plug bond 非安全电路 non-vital circuit frequency track circuit 分路灵敏度 shunting sensitivity 分路效应shunting effect 钢轨导接线;钢轨接续线 rail bond钢轨绝缘 rail insulation 钢轨绝缘不良 bad railinsulation 钢轨引接线 track lead 钢轨阻抗 rail impedan ___ 轨道变阻器 track rheostat 轨道传感器 track sensor 轨道电抗器 track reactor 轨道电路 track circuit 轨道电路测试 track circuit testing 轨道电路电码化 coding of continuous track circuit 轨道电路调整状态 regulated state of a track circuit 轨道电路分割 cut-section of a track circuit 轨道电路分路状态 shunted state of a track circuit 轨道电路区段 track circuit district 轨道电路蓄电现象 track storage effect 轨道电阻器 track resistor 轨道接触器 track treadle 双轨条轨道电路 double-rail track circuit 分倍频轨道电路 divided-and-doubled 死区段 dead section送受分开电路 sending and re ___iving separated circuit 锁闭电路 locking circuit 跳线 jumper bond 通过按钮电路through button circuit 无绝缘轨道电路 jointless trackcircuit 无绝缘节轨道电路 non-insulated track circuit 下坡道防护电路 protection circuit for approachingheavy down grad 限流设备 track current limiting devi ___ 相敏轨道电路 phase detecting track circuit ___电路 signal circuit ___接续线signal bond ___控制电路 signal control circuit 移频轨道电路frequencyshifttrackcircuit;frequency-shift modulated track circuit 音频轨道电路 audio frequency track circuit 有绝缘节轨道电路 insulated track circuit 站间 ___电路 liaisoncircuit between stations 直流轨道电路 DC track circuit 重叠轨道电路 overlay track circuit 自闭电路 self-stick circuit 自动闭塞 ___电路 liaison circuit with auto ___ticblocks轨道绝缘;绝缘节 railinsulation;insulation 自动通过按钮电路 auto ___tically through buttonsection 轨道生电现象 track galvanic effect 轨道占用 track oupied 轨间绝缘 crack gauge insulationcircuit 相敏轨道电路 phase detecting trackcircuit 红光带 Red-light strap 驼峰类相关术语半自动化驼峰系统 semi-auto ___tic hump yard system 非机械化驼峰设备 u ___echanical hump yard equipment 机械化驼峰设备 mechanized hump yard equipment 驼峰机车遥控 remote control of hump engines 驼峰机械修理室 hump mechanics repair room 驼峰溜放控制系统 humping control system 驼峰电气集中 electricinterlocking for hump yard 驼峰 ___机 hump signal 驼峰复示___机 humping signal repeater 自动化驼峰系统 auto ___tic hump yard system控制类相关术语测速装置 speedometer 超速防护 train over-speed protection 超速防护系统 Auto ___tic Train Protection system 车次表示 trainnumberdisplay;trainnumber 列车运行控制仿真系统 Train operation control 列车速度自动监督 auto___tictrainspeedsupervision 列车位置表示trainlocationindication;trainposition indication 列车运行监测 train running monitoring indication 车次自动表示;车次自动显示 auto ___tictrain number display 车辆抄号设备wagonnumberchecking equipment 车辆识别装置 vehicleidentifier 车门自动控制 auto ___tic train door control 车站控制 station ___ster control 车站列车控制中心 Station Train Control Center 点控制 intermittent control 点式查询应答器intermittent inquiry balise点式自动停车 intermittent type auto ___tic train stop 调度集中 controlled traffic control devi ___ (CTC)调度集中分机 field equipment of CTC 调度集中装置___ntralizedtraffiontrol installation 调度集中总机 controloffi ___ equipment of CTC 调度监督dispatcherssupervision;dispatchers supervision system 调度监督设备 dispatcherssupervision equipment 调度控制dispatchers control 分散自律 De ___ntralized and Autonomous 分散自律调度集中系统 De ___ntralized and autonomous CTC system 跟踪系统 tracing system 计算机联锁 Computer interlockingsimulation system 列车运行控制系统 train operation control system 列车自动保护系统Auto ___tic Train Protection(ATP)列车自动调速 auto ___tic train speed regulation 列车自动防护 auto ___tic train protection 列车自动防护系统 auto___tictrainprotectionsystem 列车自动监控系统 Auto ___tic Train Supervision(ATS) 列车自动减速 auto ___tic train de___leration 列车自动控制 Auto ___tic Train Control (ATC)列车自动控制系统 auto ___tic train control system 列车自动控制装置 auto ___tic train control devi ___ 列车自动限速 auto ___tic train speed restriction 列车自动运行 auto ___tic train operation 列车自动运行系统 Auto ___tic Train Operation(ATO) 列调作业 Train shunting work 列控系统 train control system 溜放进路自动控制 auto ___tic switching control ofhumping yard by rou 溜放速度自动控制 auto ___ticrolling down speedcontrol 目标打靶控制 target shooting 区段遥控 remote control for a section 枢纽遥控 remote control of a junction terminal 双接近区 double-approach-section 监控装置 supervisory control devi ___ 双重控制 dual control 监视系统 monitor system; supervision system 铁路应急通信系统 Railway emergency 监视装置 monitor devi ___ 进路控制route control进路控制装置 routing control equipment 局部控制 local control 局部控制盘 local control panel 控制点 controlling point 控制对象 controlled object 控制盘 control panel 控制台 Console 控制台单元 control desk element 控制台室 control room 控制中心 control ___nter 控制周期 control cycle 连续控制 continuous control 列车 ___系统 train alarm system 列车超速防护 Auto ___tic Train Protection 列车调度指挥系统Train Dispatching Com ___nd System (TDCS) 列车监控与追踪Train Monitoring and Tracking 推峰速度自动控制 auto ___tic control for humpingspeed 卫星定位 sa ___ite localization 卫星监测 sa ___ite monitoring 无绝缘移频自动闭塞系统 auto___tic block systemwith jointless shift frequency无线维修终端 Mobile ___intenan ___ terminal (MMT) 遥控remote control 遥控区段 remotely controlled section 遥控装置 remote control devi ___(RC)遥信区段 remotely surveillan ___ section 遥信装置 remote-signal equipment 中心控制 ___ntralized control 自动停车装置 auto ___tic train stop devi ___(ATS)自动限速装置 auto ___tic train control devi ___ (ATC)自律机 Autonomous ___chine 调车类相关术语调车表示器 shunting indicator 调车表示器电路 shunting indicator circuit 非进路调车 to hold route for shunting 非进路调车电路 circuit to hold a route forshunting 调车区电气集中联锁 interlocking for shunting area 减速器 car retarder 调车线始端减速器 tangent retarder 调车 ___机 shunting signal 溜放调车表示器 kick off shunting indicator 双面调车___机 signal for shunting forwardand backward 电源类相关术语备用电源 stand-bypowersupply;stand-by 混合供电制 ac-battery power supply system power sour ___ 变压器箱transformer box 表示灯电源 power sour ___ for indication lamp 不间断电源 uninterrupted supply 充电 battery charging 集中电源 ___ntrally connected power sour ___ 集中供电___ntrally connected power supply 继电器控制电源 power sour___ for relay control 交流电源屏 ac power supply panel 道岔表示电源 power sour ___ for switch indication 道岔动作电源power sour ___ for switch operation 道岔控制电源 power sour ___ for switch control 电池 battery; ___ll 电压过低 voltage below level 电压自动调整器 auto ___tic voltage regulator 交流供电制 AC power supply system 局部电源 locally supplied power sour ___ 局部控制电路 local control circuit 摩擦电流frictional working current闪光电源 flashing power sour ___ 太阳能电池 solar ___ll 电源端子 terminals for power supplies 电源屏 power supply panel 电源识别标志 power sour ___ ___rker 电源室 power supply room ; power supply room 电源转换屏 power switching over panel 电源转接屏 power switch board 扼流变压器 impedan ___ transformer 方向电源 directional traffic power sour ___ 防护变压器 protective transformer 浮充供电 floating charge power supply 干线供电 ___in linely connected power supply 工作电流 working current 供电 rectifier power supply 轨道变压器箱 track transformer box 轨道受电变压器 track relay transformer 轨道送电变压器 track transformer feed end 轨道___灯变压器 track and signal lamp transformer混合电源 ac-battery power sour ___ 安全接点 safety contact 按钮 push-in button 按钮表示 button indication 保护区段 overlap protection block section 被控点 controlled point 臂板接触器 contacts operated by se ___phore 臂板转极器 pole changer operated by se ___phore 编组站 ___rshalling Yard 编组站测长 yarddistan ___-to-coupling measurement 太阳能电源 solar power supply 条件电源 conditional power sour ___ 条件电源屏 conditional power supply panel 停电 power failure 线路变压器 line transformer ___灯变压器 signal lamp transformer ___电源 signal power supply ___高压配电线路high voltage distribution linefor signalling ___机点灯电源signal lighting power sour ___ 蓄电池供电 storage battery power supply蓄电池室 battery room 整流器一次电池供电 pri ___ry ___ll power supply 直流电源屏 DC power supply panel 直流供电制 DC power supply system 主电源 ___in power sour ___ 自动调压auto ___tic voltage regulation 综合防雷 Synthetic lightning protection 其它进路表 route sheet 进路表示器 route indicator 进路操纵作业 semi-auto ___tic operation by route 进路储存器 route storaging devi ___s 进路存储器 route storage 警惕按钮 acknowledgment button 警惕手柄acknowledgment lever 静态长度 car spa ___ 编组站测速 yard speed measurement 编组站测重 yard weight sensing 编组站测阻yard rollability measurement station 标志 indicator;___rker 绝缘不良 bad insulation 开通 put into operation可调拐肘 adjustable crank 拉钮 pull-out button 标准分路灵敏度 standard shunting sensitivity 雷达测速器 radar speedometer 表示 indication 表示灯 indication lamp 表示对象indicated object 表示杆 indication rod 表示连接杆connecting rod for indication 表示盘 indicating panel 表示器 indicator 表示周期 indication cycle 并置 ___点 double signal location 材质不良 bad ___terial 操纵台 operating console 测长 distan ___-to-coupling measurement 测试 test 测试环线 test loop 测速 speed measurement 测重 weight sensing 测阻 rollability measurement 插接不良 plug-in trouble车挡表示器 car stop ___rker 车档表示器 buffer stop indicator 车辆存在监测器 presen ___ monitor 车辆缓行器wagon retarder; wagon retarder 车辆加减速器 caraelerator/retarder 车辆加速器 car aelerator 车辆减速器 car retarder 车辆停车标 car stop indicator 车轮传感器 wheeldetector 储风罐 air reservoir 储酸室 acid store room 传动系统 driving system 错溜 misroute 错误 ___ wrong handling 错误表示 wrong indication 单独操纵作业 ___nual operation 单断single break 雷电干扰 lightning interferen ___ 离去表示departure indication 离去区段 departure section 连接杆 pipe link 联锁图表 interlocking table两点检查 released by checking two sections 列车时刻表train timetable 邻线干扰 interferen ___ from neighboring line 零层端子 terminals of layer 0 of a relay rack 溜放速度free rolling speed 路牌 tablet 路牌携带器 tablet pouch 路牌自动授收机 auto ___tic tablet exchanger 路签 train staff ; staff 路签携带器 staff pouch 路签自动授收机 auto ___tic staff exchanger 乱显示 false indication 轮修 alternative___intenan ___ 密贴调整杆 adjustable switch operating rod 摩擦联结器 frictional clutch 目的制动 objective breaking; target braking 内燃牵引干扰 ___sel traction interferen ___ 排列进路 route setting ___传送设备 classification list conveyer system 破封 break a seal 牵引小车 pushing trolley 牵纵拐肘 escapement crank前接点 front contact 前圈 front coil 强电干扰 high voltage interferen ___ 桥梁通知设备 bridge announciating devi ___ 切断音响按钮 button for cut-off an audible signal 侵入限界绝缘 insulated joint located within theclearan ___ limit 区段占用表示 section oupancy indication 区间 section 区间封锁 section closed up 单频感应器 single frequency inductor 导线导轮 wire carrier 导线反正扣 wire-adjusting screw 导线立轮 vertical wheel 导线平轮 horizontal wheel 导线平轮组 horizontal wheel assembly 导线装置 wireinstallation 导向安全 failure to the safe side 道渣电阻ballast resistan ___ 灯光转移 to transfer of lighting indication 灯丝断丝 filament burn-out 灯丝断丝报 alarm for burnout of filaments 灯丝转换 filament transfer地面感应器 wayside inductor 地面设备 wayside equipment 地中电缆盒 underground cable terminal box 第二接近区段second approach section 第二离去区段 second departure section 第一接近区段 first approach section 第一离去区段first departure section 电动传送设备 electric motor operated conveyer 电空传送设备 electro-pneu ___tic conveyer 电气路牌机 electric tablet instrument 电气路签机 electric staff instrument 定点停车 stopping a train at a targetpoint 定期维修 periodical ___intenan ___ 定位接点 nor ___l contact 动程 stroke 动接点 contact heel 动态长度 distan___-to-go 动作杆 throw rod 动作连接杆 operating rod for driving a switch 对向重叠进路 route with overlapped sectionin the opposite dire 额定值 rated value 二次参数secondary parameter 发车表示器 departure indicator 发车线路表示器 departure track indicator 反位接点 reverse contact区间空闲 section cleared 区间占用 block oupancy; section oupied 区间占用位置检测 location detecting of oupiedsection 取消进路 to can ___l a route 人工分路 ___nual shunt 人为故障 hu ___n failure 熔断器断丝 fuse burn-out 熔断器断丝 ___ fuse break alarm 冗余结构 redundant structure 三点检查released by checking three sections 设备停用 equipment out-of use 施工妨碍 construction interferen ___ 识别标志___rker light 事故照明 emergency lighting 释放时间 drop away time 释放值 release value手柄 handle 手动调压 ___nual voltage regulation 受电端re ___iving end 枢纽遥控 remote control of a junction terminal 双断 double break 双频感应器 double frequency inductor 水分离器 water separator 水鹤表示器 water craneindicator 顺向重叠进路 route with overlapped section inthe same direction 瞬时分路 instaneous shunt 瞬时分路不良instaneous loss of shunting 四点检查 released by checking four sections 送电端 feed end ___通知设备 tunnel announciating devi ___ 跳线 jumper 铁路局 Railroad Administration 铁路运营 railway operation 铁鞋 skate; cast brake shoe 同意按钮盘 agreement button panel 推送小车辆propelling trolley 脱轨表示器 derail indicator脱线修 off line ___intenan ___ 驼峰溜放调速 humping governing 晚点表示 delaying time indication 反装 left-handed ___chine 方向手柄 traffic lever 方向转接器directional switch 防护区段 protected section 防止重复prevention for repetive clear of a signal 妨害故障 hindran ___ fault 非自 ___按钮 stick button 分割区段 cut section 分路 shunt 分线盘 distributing terminal board 分线盘端子terminals on distributing board 分向电缆盒 cable branching terminal box 风管路调压设备 air pipeline pressure governor 风压调整器 ___nometer regulator 封锁 close up 峰下减速器___ster retarder杆上电缆盒 cable terminal box on a post 感应器 inductor 工厂化施工 industrial construction 工作值 working value 共用箱 cab signal box 股道空闲 track clear 股道占用 track oupied 故障-安全 fail-safe 故障 ___ emergency treatment after failure 故障复原 restoration after a failure 故障积累failure aumulation 故障升级 progression of failure 故障修corrective ___intenan ___ 光带 light strip 光带式表示striped indication light 光点式表示 spotted indicationlight 缓放时间 slow release time 缓吸时间 slow pick-up time 汇流条 bus-bar 机车车辆 rolling stock; car; vehicle 机车接近通知 approaching announcing in cab机车 ___测试区段 cab signaling testing section 维修___intenan ___ 维修不良 not well ___intained 无碴轨道 non-ballast track 无岔区段 section without a switch 误用故障misuse fault 吸起时间 pick-up time 吸起值 pick-up value 显示距离 range of a signal 线路点 field location 线路区段track section 线路占用表示 track oupancy indication 线路遮断表示器 track obstruction indicator 线束减速器 group retarder 线头脱落 wire lead drop out 限界检查器 clearan ___ treadle 限速接近方式 closing-in 行车记录设备 train movement recording equipment 选路 route selection 循环检查制 cyclic。
中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)译文:交通系统交通运输一直是土木工程最重要的一个方面。
古罗马工程师的巨大成就之一就是公路系统,它使罗马与帝国的各个省之间的快速交通成为可能。
在工程方面的第一所培训学校就是桥梁和公路学校,它于1747年创建于法国。
而在英国,一位道路建筑家,托马斯·泰尔福特于1820年担任了土木工程学会的第一任主席。
现代公路仍然根据18世纪及19世纪初法国人皮埃尔·特埃萨凯,英国人泰尔福特,以及苏格兰人约翰·L·马克当所制定的原则进行建造。
这些人设计出了最初的现代道路,这种道路具有坚实的垫层,基础就建在垫层的上面。
他们设计的道路还具有排水良好而且不渗水的磨耗层,即直接承受车辆交通磨耗的表层。
特埃萨凯和泰尔福特均采用较厚的石头基础,在其上面铺筑由较小碎石组成的基层和由更小的石头组成的磨耗层。
他们的道路还微微隆起成曲线,形成路拱和反拱以便使雨水流走。
马克当认识到当土壤被夯实或压紧之后,只要保证干燥,其本身就可承受道路的重量,因而他能够通过在压实的垫层上铺碎石基层来省掉建造石头基础所需要的昂贵费用。
当时车辆的铁质车轮把表层石头碾压成连续的,较为平整的,更加不透水的表面。
早19世纪,货车和客车都采用铁或钢制车轮,这种道路是适用的。
当汽车在20世纪初出现之后,其橡胶轮胎毁坏了这种平整的路面。
因此,就采用焦油或沥青掺拌碎石,使路面表层更坚固的黏合一起。
现在,遍布全世界的数百万公里的道路采用这种路面。
在20世纪,道路建设基本上仅在两方面进行了改进。
第一种改进是采用混凝土作为磨耗层。
另一种改进则是交通工程,即设计高速的大交通量的、造价经济并且对于车辆和旅客都安全的公路。
交通工程已建成了现代高速公路,这种公路具有限定的入口和最安全的管理。
老式道路常用的拐角形交叉已不使用,而采用互通式立体交叉或其他更为复杂的设计。
现代高速公路通常设有专门的车道,在那里当车辆要驶出公路时可减速驶入时可加速。
1 4毫米锁闭check 4mm opening of a switch point2 矮型信号机dwarf signal3 安全电路vital circuit4 安全接点safety contact5 按钮push-in button6 按钮表示button indication7 半自动闭塞机semi-automatic block machine8 半自动闭塞联系电路liaison circuit with semi-automatic blocks9 半自动化驼峰系统semi-automatic hump yard system10 保护区段overlap protection block section11 备电源stand-by power source12 被控点controlled point13 闭路式轨道电路close type track circuit14 闭塞分区block section15 闭塞机block instrument16 臂板接触器contacts operated by semaphore17 臂板转极器pole changer operated by semaphore18 变压器箱transformer box19 标准分路灵敏度standard shunting sensitivity20 表示indication21 表示灯indication lamp22 表示灯电源power source for indication lamp23 表示电路indication circuit24 表示对象indicated object25 表示杆indication rod26 表示连接杆connecting rod for indication27 表示盘indicating panel28 表示器indicator29 表示周期indication cycle30 并联式轨道电路multiply connected track circuit31 并置信号点double signal location32 不对称脉冲轨道电路asymmetrical impulse track circuit33 不限时人工解锁manual non-time release34 材质不良bad material35 操纵台operating console36 侧撞conering37 测长distance-to-coupling measurement38 测试环线test loop39 测速speed measurement40 测重weight sensing41 测阻rollability measurement42 插接不良plug-in trouble43 岔中绝缘insulated joint within a turnout44 场间联系电路liaison circuit between yards45 车档表示器buffer stop indicator46 车辆存在监测器presence monitor47 车辆加速器car accelerator48 车轮传感器wheel detector49 车门自动控制automatic train door control50 车站控制station master control51 出站信号机starting signal52 储风罐air reservoir53 储酸室acid store room54 传动系统driving system55 传输继电器transmitting relay56 串联式轨道电路serially connected track circuit57 磁路系统magnetic circuit58 从属信号机dependent signal59 错溜miseroute60 错误办理wrong handling错误关闭信号false stopping of a signal62 错误解锁false release63 错误开放信号wrong clearing of a signal64 错误锁闭false locking65 错误显示wrong indication66 大功率转辙机heavy duty switch machine67 大站电气集中联锁relay interlocking for large station68 带柄道岔表示器switch indicator with level69 带动道岔switch with follow up movement70 单独操纵继电式电气集individual level type all-relay interlocking71 单独操纵作业manual operation72 单断single break73 单轨条式轨道电路single rail track circuit74 单频感应器single frequency inductor75 单线臂板信号机single wire semaphore signal76 单线继电半自动闭塞single track all-relay semi-automatic block system77 单向自动闭塞single-directional running automatic block78 单置信号点single signal location79 弹力继电器spring-type relay80 导管调整器pipe compensator81 导线导轮wire carrier82 导线调整器wire compensator83 导线反正扣wire-adjusting screw84 导线立轮vertical wheel85 导线平轮horizontal wheel86 导线平轮组horizontal wheel assembly87 导线装置wire installation88 导向安全failure to the safe side89 到发线出岔电路protection circuit with switch lying in receiving-90 道岔表示switch indication91 道岔表示电源power source for switch indication92 道岔表示器switch indicator93 道岔错误表示false indication of a switch94 道岔定位表示switch normal indication95 道岔动作电源power source for switch operation96 道岔反位表示switch reverse indication97 道岔封锁switch closed up98 道岔控制电路switch control circuit99 道岔控制电源power source for switch control100 道岔密贴switch point closure。
交通信号外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)Traffic signalsIn the United States alone ,some 250,000 intersections have traffic signals , which are defined as all power-operated traffic-control devices except flashers,signs,and markings for directing or warning motorists, cyclists,or pedestrians.Signals for vehicular,bicycle,and pedestrian control are ‘pretimed’where specific times intervals are allocated to the various traffic movements and as 'traffic actuated' where time intervals are controlled in whole or in part by traffic demand.Pretimed Traffic Signals'Pretimed' traffic signals are set to repeat regularly a given sequence of signal indications for stipulated time intervals through the 24-hr day. They have the advantages of having controllors of lower first cost and that they can be interconnected and coordinated to vehicles to move through a series of intersections with a minimum of stops and other delays.Also, their operation is unaffected by conditions brought on by unusual vehicle behavior such as forced stops,which,with some traffic-actuated signal installations may bring a traffic jam. Their disadvantage is that they cannot adjust to short-time variations in traffic flow and often hold vehicles from one direction when there is no traffic in the other. This results in inconvenience, and sometimes a decrease in capacity.‘Cycle length’the time required for a complete sequence of indications, ordinarily falls between 30 and 120s. Short cycle lengths are to be preferred, as the delay to standing vehicles is reduced. With short cycles, however a relatively high percentage of the total time is consumed in clearing the intersection and starting each succeeding movement. As cycle length increases, the percentage of time lost from these causes decreases. With high volumes of traffic, it may be necessary to increase the cycle length to gain added capacity.Each traffic lane of a normal signalized intersection can pass roughly one vehicle each 2.1s of green light. The yellow (caution) interval following each green period is usually between 3 and 6s,depending on street width,the needs of pedestrians, and vehicle approach speed. To determine an approximate cycle division, it is common practice to make short traffic counts during the peak period. Simple computations give the number of vehicles to be accommodated during each signal indication and the minimum green time required to pass them. With modern control equipment, it is possible to change the cycle length and division several times a day, or go to flashing indications to fit the traffic pattern better.At many intersections,signals must be timed to accommodate pedestrian movements. The Manual recommends that the minimum total time allowed be an initial interval of 4 to 7s for pedestrians to start plus walking time computed at 4 ft/s (1. 2m/s). With separate pedestrian indicators,the WALK indication(lunar white) covers the first of these intervals, and flashing DON'T WALK (Portland orange ) the remainder. The WALK signal flashes when there are possible conflicts with vehicles and is steady when there are none. Steady DON'T WALK tells the pedestrian not to proceed.If pedestrian control is solely by the vehicle signals,problems develop if the intersection is wide, since the yellow clearance interval will have to be considerably longer than the 3 to 5s needed by vehicles. This will reduce intersection capacity and may call for a longer cycle time. On wide streets having a median at least 6 ft (1. 8m)wide,pedestrians may be stopped there. A separate pedestrian signal activator must be placed on this median if pedestrian pushbuttons are incorporated into the overall control system.Coordinated MovementFixed-time traffic signals along a street or within an area usually are coordinated to permit compact groups of vehicles called `platoons’to move along together without stopping. Under normal traffic volumes,properly coordinated signals at intervals variously estimated from 2500 ft (0. 76km)to more than a mile (1. 6km) are very effective in producing a smooth flow of traffic. On the other hand,when a street is loaded to capacity,coordination of signals is generally ineffective in producing smooth traffic flow.Four systems of coordination-simultaneous, alternate,limited progressive, and flexible progressive-have developed over time. The simultaneous system made all color indications on a given street alike at the same time .It produced high vehicle speeds between stops but low overall speed. Because of this and other faults,it is seldom used today.The alternate system has all signals change their indication at the same time,but adjacent signals or adjacent groups of signals on a given street show opposite colors. The alternate system works fairly well on a single street that has approximately equal block spacing. It also has been effective for controlling traffic in business districts several blocks on a said, but only when block lengths are approximately equal in both directions. With an areawide alternate system,green and red indications must be of approximately equal length. This cycle division is satisfactory where two major streets intersect but gives too much green time to minor streets crossing major arteries. Other criticisms are that at heavy traffic volumes the later section of the platoon of vehicles is forced to make additional stops,and that adjustments to changing traffic conditions are difficult.The simple progressive system retains a common cycle length but provides 'go' indications separately at each intersection to match traffic progression. This permits continuous or nearly continuous flow of vehicle groups at a planned speed in at least one direction and discourages speeding between signals. Flashing lights may be substituted for normal signal indications when traffic becomes light.The flexible progressive system has a master controller mechanism that directs the controllers for the individual signals. This arrangement not only gives positive coordination between signals,but also makes predetermined changes in cycle length,cycle split,andoffsets at intervals during the day. For example,the cycle length of the entire system can be lengthened at peak hours to increase capacity and shortened at other times to decrease delays.Flashing indications can be substituted when normal signal control is not needed. Also the offsets in the timing of successive signals can be adjusted to favor heavy traffic movements, such as inbound in the morning and outbound in the evening. Again,changes in cycle division at particular intersections can be made. The traffic responsive system is an advanced flexible progressive system with the capacity to adjust signal settings to measured traffic volumes.Where traffic on heavy-volume or high-speed arteries must be interrupted for relatively light cross traffic,semi-traffic-actuated signals are sometimes used. For them,detectors are placed only on the minor street. The signal indication normally is green on the main road and red on the cross street. On actuation, the indications are reversed for an appropriate interval after which they return to the original colors.交通信号仅在美国,约250000十字路口有交通信号,这被定义为所有除了闪光灯、标志、和标记的用于指导或警告驾驶员、骑自行车的人和行人的电动交通控制装置,。
4 interlocking principles4 连锁规则4.1 safe routes through an interlocking4.1 安全进路通过一个联锁The term “interlocking”is used with two meanings. First, “an interlocking”is the interlocking plant where points and signals are interconnected in a way that each movement follows the other ill a proper and safe sequence(see Section 1.2). Second, the principles to achieve a safe interconnection between points and signals are also generally called ”interlocking”.“联锁”的概念在使用中有两个意思。
第一,“联锁”是指连锁设备。
如道岔和信号机,以这样的方式相互关联,每一个动作受约束与另一个(动作),来保证合适而安全的结果(见1-2段)。
第二,为了达成在道岔和信号机之间的安全互联而存在的规则也通常称为“联锁”。
The route a train could use through an interlocking must meet the following conditions:列车可以使用的通过联锁的进路,必须达到一下的情形:⏹All points must be set properly and locked,⏹所有道岔不许被设置在合适的位置,同时被锁闭,⏹Conflicting routes must be locked,⏹抵触进路必须被锁闭,⏹The track must be clear.⏹线路必须出清。
中英文对照外文翻译(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Component-based Safety Computer of Railway SignalInterlocking System1 IntroductionSignal Interlocking System is the critical equipment which can guarantee traffic safety and enhance operational efficiency in railway transportation. For a long time, the core control computer adopts in interlocking system is the special customized high-grade safety computer, for example, the SIMIS of Siemens, the EI32 of Nippon Signal, and so on. Along with the rapid development of electronic technology, the customized safety computer is facing severe challenges, for instance, the high development costs, poor usability, weak expansibility and slow technology update. To overcome the flaws of the high-grade special customized computer, the U.S. Department of Defense has put forward the concept:we should adopt commercial standards to replace military norms and standards for meeting consumers’demand [1]. In the meantime, there are several explorations and practices about adopting open system architecture in avionics. The United Stated and Europe have do much research about utilizing cost-effective fault-tolerant computer to replace the dedicated computer in aerospace and other safety-critical fields. In recent years, it is gradually becoming a new trend that the utilization of standardized components in aerospace, industry, transportation and other safety-critical fields.2 Railways signal interlocking system2.1 Functions of signal interlocking systemThe basic function of signal interlocking system is to protect train safety by controlling signal equipments, such as switch points, signals and track units in a station, and it handles routes via a certain interlocking regulation.Since the birth of the railway transportation, signal interlocking system has gone through manual signal, mechanical signal, relay-based interlocking, and the modern computer-based Interlocking System.2.2 Architecture of signal interlocking systemGenerally, the Interlocking System has a hierarchical structure. According to the function of equipments, the system can be divided to the function of equipments; the system can be divided into three layers as shown in figure1.Man-Machine Interface layerInterlocking safety layerImplementation layerOutdoorequiptmentsFigure 1 Architecture of Signal Interlocking System3 Component-based safety computer design3.1 Design strategyThe design concept of component-based safety critical computer is different from that of special customized computer. Our design strategy of SIC is on a base of fault-tolerance and system integration. We separate the SIC into three layers, the standardized component unit layer, safety software layer and the system layer. Different safety functions are allocated for each layer, and the final integration of the three layers ensures the predefined safety integrity level of the whole SIC. The three layers can be described as follows:(1) Component unit layer includes four independent standardized CPU modules. A hardware “SAFETY AND” logic is implemented in this year.(2) Safety software layer mainly utilizes fail-safe strategy and fault-tolerant management. The interlocking safety computing of the whole system adopts two outputs from different CPU, it can mostly ensure the diversity of software to hold with design errors of signalversion and remove hidden risks.(3) System layer aims to improve reliability, availability and maintainability by means of redundancy.3.2 Design of hardware fault-tolerant structureAs shown in figure 2, the SIC of four independent component units (C11, C12, C21, C22). The fault-tolerant architecture adopts dual 2 vote 2 (2v2×2) structure, and a kind of high-performance standardized module has been selected as computing unit which adopts Intel X Scale kernel, 533 MHZ.The operation of SIC is based on a dual two-layer data buses. The high bus adopts the standard Ethernet and TCP/IP communication protocol, and the low bus is Controller Area Network (CAN). C11、C12 and C21、C22 respectively make up of two safety computing components IC1 and IC2, which are of 2v2 structure. And each component has an external dynamic circuit watchdog that is set for computing supervision and switching.Diagnosis terminal C12C21C22&&Watchdog driverFail-safe switch Input modle Output Modle InterfaceConsole C11High bus(Ether NET)Low bus (CAN)Figure 2 Hardware structure of SIC3.3 Standardized component unitAfter component module is made certain, according to the safety-critical requirements of railway signal interlocking system, we have to do a secondary development on the module. The design includes power supply, interfaces and other embedded circuits.The fault-tolerant processing, synchronized computing, and fault diagnosis of SICmostly depend on the safety software. Here the safety software design method is differing from that of the special computer too. For dedicated computer, the software is often specially designed based on the bare hardware. As restricted by computing ability and application object, a special scheduling program is commonly designed as safety software for the computer, and not a universal operating system. The fault-tolerant processing and fault diagnosis of the dedicated computer are tightly hardware-coupled. However, the safety software for SIC is exoteric and loosely hardware-coupled, and it is based on a standard Linux OS.The safety software is vital element of secondary development. It includes Linux OS adjustment, fail-safe process, fault-tolerance management, and safety interlocking logic. The hierarchy relations between them are shown in Figure 4.Safety Interlock LogicFail-safe processFault-tolerance managementLinux OS adjustmentFigure 4 Safety software hierarchy of SIC3.4 Fault-tolerant model and safety computation3.4.1 Fault-tolerant modelThe Fault-tolerant computation of SIC is of a multilevel model:SIC=F1002D(F2002(S c11,S c12),F2002(S c21,S c22))Firstly, basic computing unit Ci1 adopts one algorithm to complete the S Ci1, and Ci2 finishes the S Ci2via a different algorithm, secondly 2 out of 2 (2oo2) safety computing component of SIC executes 2oo2 calculation and gets F SICi from the calculation results of S Ci1 S Ci2, and thirdly, according the states of watchdog and switch unit block, the result of SIC is gotten via a 1 out of 2 with diagnostics (1oo2D) calculation, which is based on F SIC1 and F SIC2.The flow of calculations is as follows:(1) S ci1=F ci1 (D net1,D net2,D di,D fss)(2) S ci2=F ci2 (D net1,D net2,D di,D fss)(3) F SICi=F2oo2 (S ci1, S ci2 ),(i=1,2)(4) SIC_OutPut=F1oo2D (F SIC1, F SIC2)3.4.2 Safety computationAs interlocking system consists of a fixed set of task, the computational model of SIC is task-based. In general, applications may conform to a time-triggered, event-triggered or mixed computational model. Here the time-triggered mode is selected, tasks are executed cyclically. The consistency of computing states between the two units is the foundation ofSIC for ensuring safety and credibility. As SIC works under a loosely coupled mode, it is different from that of dedicated hardware-coupled computer. So a specialized synchronization algorithm is necessary for SIC.SIC can be considered as a multiprocessor distributed system, and its computational model is essentially based on data comparing via high bus communication. First, an analytical approach is used to confirm the worst-case response time of each task. To guarantee the deadline of tasks that communicate across the network, the access time and delay of communication medium is set to a fixed possible value. Moreover, the computational model must meets the real time requirements of railway interlocking system, within the system computing cycle, we set many check points P i (i=1,2,... n) , which are small enough for synchronization, and computation result voting is executed at each point. The safety computation flow of SIC is shown in Figure 5.S t a r tS t a r t0τ1τ2τ1P2P0τ1τ2τ1P2P0T0TC1i Ci 21T2T1T2T…………………n+1τn+1τn Pn Pn τn τclockclockS a f e t y f u n c t i o n s T a s k s o f i n t e r l o c k i n g l o g i c i :p:c h e c k p o i n t I n i t i a l i z e S y n c h r o n i z a t i o n G u a r a n t e e S y n c h r o n o u s T i m e t r i g g e rFigure 5 Safety computational model of SIC4. Hardware safety integrity level evaluation4.1 Safety IntegrityAs an authoritative international standard for safety-related system, IEC 61508 presents a definition of safety integrity: probability of a safety-related system satisfactorily performing the required safety functions under all the stated conditions within a stated period of time. In IEC 61508, there are four levels of safety integrity are prescribe, SIL1~SIL4. The SIL1 is the lowest, and SIL4 highest.According to IEC 61508, the SIC belongs to safety-related systems in high demand or continuous mode of operation. The SIL of SIC can be evaluated via the probability of dangerous per hour. The provision of SIL about such system in IEC 61508, see table 1.Table 1-Safety Integrity levels: target failure measures for a safety function operating in high demand orcontinuous mode of operationSafety Integrity levelHigh demand or continuous mode of Operation (Probability of a dangerous Failure per hour)4 ≥10-9 to <10-83 ≥10-8 to <10-72 ≥10-7 to <10-61 ≥10-6 to <10-54.2 Reliability block diagram of SICAfter analyzing the structure and working principle of the SIC, we get the bock diagram of reliability, as figure 6.2002200220022002NET1NET2NET1NET2λ=1×10-7DC=99%Voting=1002D λ=1×10-7DC=99%Voting=1002D λ=1×10Β=2%βD =1%DC=99%Voting=1002D High busLogic subsystem Low busFigure 6 Block diagram of SIC reliability5. ConclusionsIn this paper, we proposed an available standardized component-based computer SIC. Railway signal interlocking is a fail-safe system with a required probability of less than 10-9 safety critical failures per hour. In order to meet the critical constraints, fault-tolerant architecture and safety tactics are used in SIC. Although the computational model and implementation techniques are rather complex, the philosophy of SIC provides a cheerful prospect to safety critical applications, it renders in a simpler style of hardware, furthermore,it can shorten development cycle and reduce cost. SIC has been put into practical application, and high performance of reliability and safety has been proven. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………模块化安全铁路信号计算机联锁系统1概述信号联锁系统是保证交通安全、提高铁路运输效率的关键设备。