初三英语语法知识专题复习

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初三英语语法知识专题复习 壹、名 词 一、总的来说,名词分为 专有名词和普通名词两类. 专有名词:用来表示某个(些)人、地方、机构等专有名称的词。 如Marx、Beijing、USA等,其中的实词第一个字母要大写。如the Great Wall等。 二、名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词与不可数名词。 1、可数名词(个体名词和集体名词): (1)单数(前加a或an表“一”); (2)复数(词尾加“-s”或“-es”)。其规则如下: A.规则变化:(1、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的,加-es / iz /; 如boxes, glasses, watches, brushes等; (2、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,加-es; 如families, babies, countries等; (3以f、fe结尾的,变f、fe为v,加-es; 如knives, wives, halves等; (4、以“辅音字母+o”结尾的,加-es; 如potatoes, tomatoes等,但外来词和缩写词只能加-s,如pianos, kilo(kilogram)—kilos, photo(photograph)——photos.而zero——zeros/zeroes. (5、一般情况加-s,清辅音后发/s/,如desks, maps等, 浊辅音和元音后发/z/.如apples, holidays, boys。但houses/′hauziz/, mouths/mau z/.

B.不规则变化 (child---children man----men woman---women policeman----policemen foot—feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice) (复数名词: people police shoes public clothes)

(1、 单数、复数形式相同的:sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese等。 (2、 表示民族、国家的名词,除Chinese, Japanese的复数不变,Englishman, Frenchman的复数变-man为-men外,其余的均在词尾加-s.如Americans,

Germans, Russians, Australians (附某国、某国人、某国语言的词形联系表).→→→→→→→ (3、复合名词复数的构成方法

①在中心词上加-s或-es, 如:pencil-boxes. ②在第二个组成部分上加-s或-es, 如:boy-friends, tooth-brushes等. ③含性别的复合词,两部分都变为复数,如:man-teache—men-teachers, woman-driver——women-drivers. 2、不可数名词(抽象名词和物质名词): 不能以数目来计算的名词。如water, meat, rice, air, food, time, work, bread等等。 它们只有单数形式,不能在前面加a(an)或

国家 人民 语言 America American English

England Englishman English France Frenchman French Germany German German Japan Japanese Japanese China Chinese Chinese Canada Canadian English, French 数词来表示一个或几个。 只能用“of词组”来表达。 如“五块肉”five pieces of meat, “三袋小麦”three bags of wheat, “四则新闻”four pieces of news. 3、可数名词和不可数名词的转换:如:chicken, c“小鸡”, u“鸡肉”;fish, c“鱼”, u“鱼肉”,orange, c“橘子”, u“橙汁”,paper, c“试卷、论文”, u“纸张”,time, c“次数”, u“时间”等等。

三、名词的所有格(含义“……的”) 1、基本构成方法: (1)以s结尾的名词,其所有格只加“′”。如the students’ teacher the twins’ bedroom. 但以s结尾的单数名词,也可在词尾加“′s”。如Ross’s bag. (2)其他情况加“’s”。如:Jane’s father,Women’s Day 2、其他规则:(1)并列名词的所有格: ①共同所有,只需在最后一个名词词尾加-’s,如:Kate and Joan’s room. ②分别所有,则在每个名词词尾加-’s,如Kate’s and Joan’s. (2)表示无生命的事物名词,一般用of表示所属关系。如:the map of China, the legs of the table. (3)双重所有格: ①用of结构与名词所有格-’s结合构成双重所有格:a friend of my father’s, one book of his brother’s. ②用of结构加名词性物主代词构成双重所有格:a pen of mine, a neighbour of his. (4)表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词常用-’s形式:an hour’s walk, yesterday’ news, China’s population, twenty minutes’ walk. (5)可用-’s表示店铺、某人家:the Greens’, my uncle’s. 典例1.This is ____ news. A.such a good B.a very good C. such good ( )2. _____ knowledge of space develops very quickly. A.People’s B.Man’s C.Men’s

( )3. The number of people invited to the party _____ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons. A. was/were B. was /was C. were/were ( )4. “Would you like ___?” “____, please.” A. a drink/ A coffee B. drink/A cup of coffee C. a cup drink/A cup coffee

( )5. Two thirds of the work ____ done. A. are B. is C. have ( )6.The rich ____ not always happy. A. is B. have C. are ( )7. She is the only one of the ____ writers who _____ stories for children. A. woman/writes B. women/writes C. women/write ( )8. I met him at _____. A.Mr. Green’s B.the Greens C.Greens’

( )9.Playing football is _____. A.a great fun B.great funs C.great fun

( )10.The sheep on the hill _____ theirs. They are all white. A.is B.was C.are

提高训练 一、用所给名词的正确形式填空: 1.My shirt is much cheaper than ________.(John) 2.The girl in red is ______________ (Tom and Kate) 3.The _________ (Brown) are watching TV now. 4.Our school is about ten __________ (minute) walk. 5.March 8 is _______________ (woman day). 6.Who won the _________ (boy) 400- _______ (meter) race?

7.This is ___________ (today) newspaper. 8.There are twenty-five _________ (man) workers in my factory. 9.I like ___________ (chicken) very much. They’re lovely. So I never eat _________ (chicken). 10.Although he is a thirty- ___________ (year old) man, you can see few ________ (hair) on the head. 二、根据括号中的汉语完成句子。 1.Sue is a friend of hers. (她的一个朋友). 2.Please pass me ________________ (三张报纸).