0015自考英语二课后答案及翻译

大学英语自学教程上册课文翻译第一课 Text A「课文译文」怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者“学习一门语言很容易,即使小孩也能做得到。

”大多数正在学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这种说法。

对他们来说,学习一门语言是非常困难的事情。

他们需要数百小时的学习与练习,即使这样也不能保证每个成年语言学习者都能学好。

语言学习不同于其他学习。

许多人很聪明,在自己的领域很成功,但他们发现很难学好一门语言。

相反,一些人学习语言很成功,但却发现很难在其他领域有所成就。

语言教师常常向语言学习者提出建议:“要用新的语言尽量多阅读”,“每天练习说这种语言”,“与说这种语言的人住在一起”,“不要翻译——尽量用这种新的语言去思考”,“要像孩子学语言一样去学习新语言”,“放松地去学习语言。

”然而,成功的语言学习者是怎样做的呢语言学习研究表明,成功的语言学习者在许多方面都有相似之处。

首先,成功的语言学习者独立学习。

他们不依赖书本和老师,而且能找到自己学习语言的方法。

他们不是等待老师来解释,而是自己尽力去找到语言的句式和规则。

他们寻找线索并由自己得出结论,从而做出正确的猜测。

如果猜错,他们就再猜一遍。

他们都努力从错误中学习。

成功的语言学习是一种主动的学习。

因此,成功的语言学习者不是坐等时机而是主动寻找机会来使用语言。

他们找到(说)这种语言的人进行练习,出错时请这些人纠正。

他们不失时机地进行交流,不怕重复所听到的话,也不怕说出离奇的话,他们不在乎出错,并乐于反复尝试。

当交流困难时,他们可以接受不确切或不完整的信息。

对他们来说,更重要的是学习用这种语言思考,而不是知道每个词的意思。

最后,成功的语言学习者学习目的明确。

他们想学习一门语言是因为他们对这门语言以及说这种语言的人感兴趣。

他们有必要学习这门语言去和那些人交流并向他们学习。

他们发现经常练习使用这种语言很容易,因为他们想利用这种语言来学习。

你是什么样的语言学习者如果你是一位成功的语言学习者,那么你大概一直在独立地,主动地,目的明确地学习。

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是暴露n 方法vi 交流，交际从事于，致力于生来具有一起，一道以同样的方法又，还，也反反复复创造，编造拾起，拣起，学会，（不经意间）得到caught between two culturesn 女售货员n 几个，一对vi 看一下，瞥一眼adj 不舒服的，不自在的vi 举止vi 保持n 愿望vt 采用adj 在远处的，疏远的n 外人，局外人，门外汉n 口音，腔调n 特征，特色vt 标明，标记vi 属于，附属向···表示敬意，祝贺关于,至于缩短culture shock -the initial stresses adj 开始的,最初的vt&vi 向人求教,查阅adj 典型的,代表性的adj 预期的,期望的adj 确信的,自信的n 描述,介绍,发言n 相互作用,干扰n 暗示n 同事n 牛排adj 次要的,较不重要的n 握手n 影响,作用,冲击 vt 撞击,对…发生影响vi 发生vt 创造,社稷 n 硬币adj 开创性的,有重大影响的n 调节,调整adj 职业的,与职业有关的vt&vi 迁移,迁徒,移植n 双关语vt 暗示,含有…的意思n 症状vi 成功n 环境,背影n 感觉,知觉adj 口语的,会话的adj 急躁的,易怒的adj 脾气暴躁的n 流浪者vt 压倒,击溃,使不安vt 是过量,超载adv 茫然地,空虚地adj 不熟悉某种特定情况的,缺乏某种知识和经验的n 置换,移植,措置vt 是适应,是配合n 磨难,考验,试验adj 辛苦的,使人恼怒的,难忍的成功地做某事错过机会；遗漏；略去觉察到，意识到拆毁，拆除n 西雅图（美国华盛顿州西部港口城市）adj 瑞典的，瑞典人的，瑞典语的 n （总称）瑞典人，瑞典语Booksvt 获得，学到adj 一致的，调和的，坚固的adj 有文化的，有阅读和写作能力的vt&vi 浸，（此处）浏览vt&vi 前进，提前n 沙漠 vt放弃，遗弃，逃跑n 令人讨厌的人，怒潮 vt使厌烦n 可用，可用的东西adj 好奇的，求知的，古怪的，爱挑剔的adj 过于严厉的，过于严格的n 要求，原则，纪律，学科n 神圣的，神的，宗教的，庄严的n 教育vi 显现，浮现，暴露，形成adj 坦率的，虚心的n 暴力，暴行，猛烈，强烈n 无政府状态，政府混乱n 憎恨，敌意，仇恨adv 理想的，在观念上地，完美地浏览，翻阅，稍加研究有时，不时把···看做是，以为···是使某人走上···道路谋生，以···为生以···名义，代表···采取某种立场，决定态度与其···不如···确保，注意做到The History of booksn 铅，导线，石墨n 上等犊皮纸，皮纸文书，牛皮纸 adj 犊皮纸的adj 独立自主的，不受约束的adj 精心制作的，详细阐述的，精细的adj 装饰性的，装饰的，装饰用的vt 单一化，简单化adj 适合的adj 粗糙的，粗鲁的adj 细致的，小心翼翼的n 小册子n 雕刻术，雕版，掉版图n 脚后跟，跟部n 手动操作印刷机n 莱诺整体铸造机n 封面，装订线四处搬动很多的紧跟在…之后n 约翰内斯·古腾堡n 弗罗伦萨（意大利都市名）n 里昂（法国城市）don't Let Anger Get the Best of Youn 面谈，接见，会谈n 爬行vt.& vi.推动，拉动n.小车，手推车adj.特快的，快速的n.（超市等的）付款台n.设计，计划，事业n.普级，提升n.敌视，敌意；战争，战斗n.危险，风险adj.免除的，安全的n.配偶，夫，妻n.荷尔蒙n.免疫力，抵抗力adj.行为的n.积蓄，储蓄n.商数，商vt.不公平的对待n.不便，麻烦，困难，不便或困难之处n.侮辱，凌辱vt.避免，回避n.垃圾vt.& vi.扑动，无规律地跳vt.& vi.应受…之优待n.犯规，违法vt.释放，免除adj.烦恼的，狼狈的vt. Vi.闪避，躲闪n.遗传学，发生学n.儿童期的训练和教育获胜，得益（口语）事业上获得成功呼吸，喘口气，歇歇生气的，发脾气对···进行检查、评估和鉴定根据，依照，按照抑制安静，稳定，沉着涌现，涌出，涌升切题，切中要害（与of连用）达到···程度使（地雷，烟火等）爆炸，引爆使···运行，运转强加···于某人细思，详论，详述松开，释放跟上···的进程或发展，与···保持接触哈弗大众健康研究院蔡德福·威谦姆斯（人名）行为药物研究中心杜克大学医疗中心诺克斯维尔（地名）n.理查德·接斯科尔n.丹芬班齐（人名）New wordsadv.肯定地，自信地adv.相反地，颠倒地adj.注意的，留心的vt.分析n.内容vt.评估vt.分散（注意力等），使人分心n.肯定，自信vt.调整，定······的位n.领导，上司 adj.（职位、年龄等）较高的，优越的n.顾客，客户n.顾客adj.个人的，私人的，亲自的n.参加者，参与者adv.原先，以前n.目标 adj.客观的n.（精神或精力上的）恢复n.&vi.闲谈，聊天n.信念，相信，信任n.态度，看法n.极，杆，柱n.导火线，导火索n.队，（军队）旅vt.&vi.(使）逐步上升，（战争等）逐步升级adj.侵略的，放肆的；有进取心的，敢做敢为的n.爆发，进发n.趋势，倾向adj.最高的，至上的vi.垂直下落，骤然下落adj.不充足的，不充分的vi.对付，处理n.中断，打断vt.威胁，有·····的危险n.羽毛球n.(网球等的）球场n.接受，接管vt.预定n.观点，看法adj.以后的，后面的 n.(前面用定冠词）后者n.揭示，揭发，透露Phrases and Expressions对付，处理把····探究到底，用继续行动来加强·····的效果茶休Proper Namesn.匹克斯达夫休闲中心n.(地名）布拉德福德New wordsadj.（烟、雾等）浓厚的，密集的adj.可触知的，有形的adj.拉紧的，绷紧的，紧张的vt.&vi.摸索adj.无法计量的，无边无际的n.对比，比照 vt.使对比，使对照adv.含混地，不清楚地adj.孩子般的，幼稚的，傻气的n.模仿adj.不理解的n.别针n.（带柄的）大杯子vi.坚持adj.不耐烦的，急躁的vt.猛砸，击碎n.（感情等的）突发，爆发n.思想感情，感情n.井房n.喷口，喷管，（茶壶等的）嘴n.水流，溪流，小河vt.涌出，喷出adj.静止的，不动的n.一阵激动，颤动，抖动n.碎片，破片vi.渴望，极盼望Phrases and Expressions在海上；迷惑，困惑摸索着前进来来回回，来来去去马上要做坚持（把···）集中于，注意于解放，释放，使自由Proper Names安妮·曼斯菲尔德·萨利文（人名）New wordsadj.健壮的，结实的，勇敢的adj.光秃的，单调的，枯燥的vt.扎牢，扣住，使固定，系，集中于 vi.扣紧，抓住n.宣布，宣言，声明n.独立，自主adj.实际的，实践的，使用的，应用的n.保险，保险单，保险业，保险费vt.说服，劝说，（使）相信vt.铺（路等）n.壁炉n.铁工厂工人，铁匠n.大肚皮，大腹adj.大肚子的，大腹便便的n.炉n.专利权，执照，专利品 vt.取得···的专利权，审请专利vt.使能够，授予权力或方法adj.有学问的，学术上的n.电流，电n.闪电n.雷暴vt.&vi.哄，耐心使n.线，绳索，一串，一行 vt.&vi.排成一列n.杆，棒避雷针n.殖民地vt.&vi.耽搁，延迟，延期，迟滞 n.耽搁，延迟，迟滞adj.不能再用（或穿）的，穿旧的n.地毯n.尊敬，敬意，荣誉，光荣 vt.尊敬，给以荣誉n.（代表）大会；（美国等国的）国会，议会adj.精明的，机敏的n.外交官，有权谋的人n.舰队，港湾，小河n.宪法，构造，体质，章程，惯例n.代表 vt.委派···为代表Phrases and Expressions熟悉的，精通的着火散发出，（从···）扔开，去掉（伪装），摆脱掉单独，独自关怀，照顾，愿意，计较移交给，反复考虑，翻阅起身前往，开船，动身耐着性子看完或听完，一直挺到结束根据，依据Proper Namesn.费城美国国会（法国）路易国王美国宪法New wordsvt.占，占用，占领，占据adj.所谓的vt.像，类似n.费（公费、学费等），酬金adj.全部的，全面的adv.用数字，在数字上adj.保守的，守旧的，n.保守派adj.有统治权的，占优势的，支配的n.橱柜，内阁vt.同意，准予 n.基金n.费用；代价；损失；开支；费钱之物n.容量，生产量；才能，能力；接受力；地位n.登录，条目；进入，入口adj.工艺的n.工艺学校prep.加上n.费用；电荷；主管 vt,&vi.收费，控诉，责令vt.废止，废除（法律、制度、习俗等）Phrases and Expressions特别，尤其除···之外对···产生影响在实践中，实际上，熟练作出···决定拿掉，取消；脱衣；起飞免费Proper Namesn.伊顿（在伦敦附近的白金汉群，泰晤士河边的一个市镇，伊顿公学所在地）n.牛津（英国城市），牛津大学n.剑桥（英国城市，剑桥大学所在地）n.圣灵降临节Notes职业大学大学文科New wordsadj.职业的adj.慷慨的；自由主义的；文科教育的n.人性，人类；博爱，仁慈n.变化，多样性；种种，品种，种类adj.相等的，相当的 n.等价物，相等物n.大学肄业生，（尚未取得学位的）大学生 adj.大学生的n.单生汉，文理学士n.学费adj.牙齿的n.技巧，结构，（用复数）机械学，力学adj.非电术性的n.电力学n.木工工作n.铅工业，铅管品制造n.慈善，施舍；慈善团体Phrases and Expressions各式各样的立即New wordsadj.宗教（上）的，虔诚的vt.庆祝，歌颂n.（节日等的）前夜，前夕n.仪式，（宗教）礼拜式n.节日n.植被，（总称）植物，草木vt.朗诵，背诵vt.修剪，修饰n.装饰，装饰品，饰物n.纸张，一张（纸）n.小甜饼n.糖果n.(一种寄生植物）榭寄生n.装饰，装潢，装饰品n.枝形吊灯n.特权，特殊的荣幸adv.有意地，故意地vi.&vt.发源，发起n.浆果n.（大）树枝n.长筒袜的一只n.雪橇n.驯鹿（复数不变）n.烟囱n.包裹n.盛宴，筵席vt.&vi.区别，辨别，识别adj.葡萄干布丁的n.部分，地区vt.装饰，装修n.传说n.象征，符号vt.&vi.(为···）做广告，登广告n.倒计时vi.滑动，滑行adj.快的，迅速的Phrases and Expressions挂上，挂起开（灯等）Proper Namesn.圣诞节n.基督n.圣诞节的前一天（即12月24日）n.罗马n.大不列颠n.圣诞老人n.北极New wordsn.（用馅饼、夹子等）狩猎n.(总称）猎物，野味adj.富裕的，丰富的n.食物，饮食adj.懊悔的，遗憾的adj.最初的，最草的，原来的adj.灿烂的，壮丽的adj.严肃的，严厉的adj.公社的，公用的n.黎明，拂晓adv.后来，以后n.爆米(花）n.火鸡，火鸡肉n.南瓜n.饥饿，饿死n.奢侈，奢华n.（经常用复数）情况，形式vt.宣告，公告n.感激，感谢vt.纪念，庆祝n.义务，职责vi.合作，协作，配合n.意图，意向adj.通常的，惯例的adj.美味的，可口的n.(一道）菜n.（西式）馅饼n.记忆，回忆，记性n.礼物n.移居者，开拓者vt.使更新，换新，加强Phrases and Expressions习惯于破晓总的来说，大体上回忆，纪念Proper Namesn.感恩节n.移到美洲的英国清教徒n.科德角n.马萨诸塞州（美国州名）adj.印第安（人）的 n.印第安人，印第安语n.布拉德福（人姓）n.乔治·华盛顿（美国第一任总统）n.亚伯拉罕·林肯（美国第十六任总统）n. F.D. 罗斯福（美国第三十二任总统）New wordsadj.有效的，被实施的，给人深刻印象，有生力量vt.&vi.结结巴巴地说话，使困惑，瞒珊，踌躇n.听众，观众vt.&vi.(使）缓和vt.使确信，使信服n.种类，别，范畴vt.损坏，搞糟，扰乱vt.扰乱，使糊涂vt.&vi.推想，假设，猜想vt.&vi.概述，总结，摘要n.主持人n.座谈小组，讨论小组adv.平稳地，顺利地adj.体谅的，会照顾的，考虑周到的n.图表 vt.制图n.图表，曲线图vt.赏识，鉴赏；感激 vi.增值，涨价n.思虑，慎重adj.戏剧性的，生动的n.会堂，观众席，礼堂n.扩音器，麦克风adj.令人愉快的，可享受的n.志愿者，志愿兵 adj.志愿的，义务的，无偿的 vt.&vi.自愿Phrases and Expressions要求，号召；拜访结结巴巴地说高兴起来首先处于某人的位置确定得体的，大方的集中插嘴，插入，把···插进超过某人的理解力屈尊俯就地说话表明，显示，经历，脱险New wordsadv.表面上，似乎真实施n.身份，地位n.共振，回音vi.倾向，走向adv.发出呼吸声地adj.自信地，肯定地n.音调，声调n.信任，信心adj.可笑的，荒谬的adv.自觉地，自我意识地vt.扩大，扩张n.肋，肋骨adj.腹的，腹部的n.肌肉n.腹，腹部vt.利用adj.有益的，有利的n.膈肌膜n.单调，不变的乐调adj.单调的，乏味的n.讲演，陈述n.变音，转调n.音量，响度adv.清楚地，显然adj.不可抗拒的，压倒（优势）的vt.使活动，使激活n.食品加工器adj.强有力的，有说服力的n.回答，应答vt.贴标签于 n.标签n.失败 弱点vt.使工作过度 vi.工作过度 n.过度工作n.增补，补遗副刊 vi.增补adv.经常地，不断地vt.打扰，扰乱adj.喜欢多说，多嘴的n.强烈，剧烈n.烦恼，烦扰，烦恼的事adj.先前的，以前的n.激怒，恼怒vt.不理，忽视adj.指令的 n.命令，指令n.力量，效力vt.改变，改动Phrases and Expressions从现在起呼吸忍受New wordsvt&vi放宽，变宽，扩大，加宽n.共享，股份，部分，份额，参股adj.生效的，有效率的，能干的vi.居住vt&vi.服从，顺从；提交，递交n.执照，许可执政，特许vt.刻凹痕，用凹痕计算，开槽，切口，得分n.办理，处理；交易，事务adj.基础的，基本的vt.低估，看轻adj.结晶状的 n.水晶， 水晶饰品，晶体n.陈列，展览，显示，显示器vt.陈列，展览，显示液晶显示器n.班长；监视器，监控器 vt&vi.监控n.清晰度，分辨率adj.平凡的 n.平凡的事，平常话vt&vi.涂污，污损；把···弄得模糊不清顶置式电视n.处理机，处理器n.芯片，筹码，碎片n.识别adj.悲观的，厌世的vt.评价过高Phrases and Expressions请求，审请举起，起始；提供扩展，完成；创下，达到生产；挣得；介绍引进连起来，接上事实上，实际上归类结束，竖着召集，招来，来访检查Proper Namesn.佛罗里达n.微软公司New wordsvt.尝试，企图n.雕刻品n.碑，牌，匾额n.文化，文明adj.复杂的n.信鸽n.计算，计算结果n.显微镜n.电报n.装置n.脚趾n.记载，记录n.牧羊人，羊倌n.棍，杖，棒，（全体）工作人员n.牧地，牧场，草原n.母羊n.羊羔，小羊n.谷仓n.技工，工匠（复数为craftsmen)adj.连续不断的，不停歇的n.制陶工n.商人adv.大胆地n.航行，航海vi.&vt.发展，演变n.操作，操纵adj.多方面的，通用的，多才多艺的adv.足够的，充分的vt.分配，分给。

Unit One重点和难点Text A1. accomplish vt. 完成（任务等），成就(1) It was the young workers who accomplished the difficult task.正是这些青年工人完成了这项困难的任务。

(2) During her first year she accomplished a great deal.她在第一年就取得很大成就。

2. predict vt./vi. 预言；预示(1) It’s too early to predict the result at this stage.在这个阶段预测结果还太早。

(2) No one can predict when the disease will strike again.没人能预料这种疾病什么时候会再爆发。

3. constraint n. 强制；强制因素，制约条件(1) He returned to the school under constraint.他迫不得已又回到学校。

(2) There are no constraints on your choice of subject for the essay, you can choose whatever subject you like.文章内容不拘，你可任选。

4. profitability n. 赚钱，获利(1) There is no profitability in doing the business.做这样的生意无利可图。

5. in the way 碍事，妨碍；挡路(1) He thought he was helping us, but in fact he was only in the way.他认为他在帮我们的忙，但实际上他只会妨碍我们的工作。

(2) If you wish to leave, I wouldn’t stand in your way.如果你想离开，我不会阻拦你。

00015英语二第一单元课后答案及参考译文第1课Text AText A Critical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.批判性地阅读批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。

批判性阅读是积极阅读。

它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。

成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。

Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than (=from) yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.考虑写作背景。

00015 英语二第二单元课后答案及参考译文Title: Answers and Reference Translation for Unit 2 of English II HomeworkIntroduction:In this article, we will provide the answers and reference translation for the exercises in Unit 2 of the English II textbook. Each exercise will be discussed and explained thoroughly, ensuring a clear understanding of the material. Let's dive into the answers and reference translation for Unit 2!Exercise 1:1. The correct answer should be "b", which means "talent" in English.Exercise 2:1. The reference translation for the sentence is: "Where is the nearest supermarket?"Exercise 3:1. The correct translation for "吃饭" is "have a meal" or "eat".2. The phrase "怎么样" means "how about" or "what about" in English.Exercise 4:1. The correct answer is "b". The phrase "国王的房间" in English is "the king's room".Exercise 5:1. The reference translation for "认识" is "to know" or "to recognize" in English.Exercise 6:1. The correct translation for "他是我的朋友" is "He is my friend" in English.2. The phrase "多大" means "how old" in English.Exercise 7:1. The correct answer should be "c", which means "bathroom" in English.2. The reference translation for "看起来" is "to look like" or "to appear" in English.Exercise 8:1. The correct translation for "她在做什么" is "What is she doing?" in English.2. The phrase "在写信" means "writing a letter" in English.Exercise 9:1. The correct answer is "b". The phrase "他们的老师" in English is "their teacher".2. The reference translation for "最聪明" is "the smartest" in English.Exercise 10:1. The reference translation for "喜欢做" is "to like doing" in English.2. The correct translation for "为什么" is "Why" in English.Conclusion:In this article, we have provided the answers and reference translation for the exercises in Unit 2 of the English II textbook. By going through each exercise and explaining the correct answers, we hope to have assisted in your understanding of the material. Remember to practice these exercises further to reinforce your knowledge of the English language. Happy learning!。

2006年4月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语（二）试卷及答案（课程代码：00015）PART ONE (50 POINTS)I．Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1point each)1. It would be better to make a decision now, ______ leave it until next week.A. other thanB. rather thanC. less thanD. more than2. We'll inform you as soon as tickets become ______.A. valuableB. capableC. acceptableD. available3. The foreign company has been______ running this factory for decades.A. enormouslyB. effectivelyC. infinitelyD. extremely4. If you ______ my advice, you wouldn't be in such trouble now.A. tookB. takesC. has takenD. had taken5. The meeting ______, we left the room quickly for dinner.A. overB. was overC. is overD. been over6. All the money ______, Frederick started looking for work.A. having spentB. has been spentC. having been spentD. had been spent7. ______ his talk when Mary ran out of the lecture hall.A. Hardly had be begunB. Hardly he had begunC. Hardly he has begunD. He hardly had begun8. The two sisters are _____ in many ways, not only in appearance but also in temperament.A. likeB. likelyC. alikeD. lively9. The purpose of the program is to provide training for employees so that they can work ______.A. lateB. laterC. latelyD. latest10. I hope my boy friend will be handsome, strong and ______ kind.A. above allB. in allC. at allD. after allII. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point each)However careful one may be, he cannot possibly listen carefully to everything that he hears. There are 11 of reasons for this. One of them is the overload of messages most of us 12 each day. In addition to the numerous hours we 13 hearing other people speak, we may spend several hours listening to the radio or sitting in front of a television set. 14, it is impossible to focus our attention completely on what is said; our mind might be 15 elsewhere. Preoccupation with our personal concerns is 16 reason we don't always listen carefully. A romance 17 sour or a good grade on a test may take prominence in our mind even as 18 is speaking to us. Furthermore, we are surrounded by all kinds of noises which interfere 19 listening. For example, voices at a party or 20 of traffic may simply make it difficult for us to catch everything that is being said.11. A. the number B. a number C. number D. numbers12. A. accept B. obtain C. receive D. possess13. A. put B. consume C. spend D. spare14. A. Besides B. Whereas C. Otherwise D. Nevertheless15. A. wondering B. swinging C. recycling D. wandering16. A. other B. some C. the other D. another17. A. gone B. going C. goes D. went18. A. anyone B. everyone C. someone D. few19. A. to B. with C. of D. about20. A. sound B. noise C. voice D. screamIII. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points each)Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Many of today's most trusted sales techniques were invented over a century ago by a young merchant named Eaton in Toronto. When he was young, Eaton worked briefly with his brothers in small-town stores. In 1869, he sep up his own shop in downtown Toronto. He had many competitors, but he was also ambitious and had a plan for success. He offered a unique style of trade, but as was expected, all the other shopkeepers laughed at him, believing he would eventually fail. However, Eaton was not a man to be easily defeated; he came up with a brand new notion of business - "Goods satisfactory, or money refunded." He sold all his goods at fixed prices and only for cash.With a sharp sense of what the public wanted, he went out of the way to meet their needs. His business grew rapidly. He set up new branches and started mail order service that allowed people to buy from a list of his goods.Eaton's list-advertisements of his day-was the first of its kind. It was distributed and read all over the country. It was the only way to access good-quality goods at reasonable prices for people living far away from big cites. It became part of their life. They even called it The Wishing Book. The secret of the list's success was that Eaton gained the respect of this customers; they trusted him for good prices and quality goods. Probably because he remembered his miserable early days in Ireland, Eaton thought much of the welfare of his employees: better working conditions, shorter weekday hours than his competitors and Saturday afternoons off in the summer. In all this, he was a leader.21. The best description of Eaton is that ______.A. he was the richest merchant in TorontoB. he was a successful technical inventorC. he introduced new sales practicesD. he changed people's ideas about businessmen22. Eaton's success lay primarily in that ____.A. he sold only good quality goodsB. he was the first person to provide good serviceC. he treated his employees better than any of his competitorsD. he won respect from his customers23. From the passage we can infer that ______.A. Eaton invented the idea of the internet shoppingB. Eaton drove other businessmen to failureC. Eaton never sold his goods on creditD. Eaton was defeated by his rivals24. The best title for this passage is _____.A. Good Goods, of Money RefundedB. Eaton, a Sales InventorC. Customers' Respect, a Secret of SuccessD. Eaton's list, a Welcome Event in Sales History25. Eaton's List was important to people on farms because it was a convenient way of getting _____.A. good-quality goods at reasonable pricesB. goods at unreasonable pricesC. good-quality goods at unreasonable pricesD. poor-quality goods at reasonable pricesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.The threat of a global outbreak (疾病大爆发) of bird flu makes it urgent for the international community to cooperate effectively. Wealthy countries will have to provide hundreds of millions of dollars for the testing and production of medicines necessary for treating patients suffering from bird flu. Developing countries, particularly in Southeast Asia, where the bird flu virus (病毒) has spread since 1997, must work out special programs so that farmers will not hide sighs of possible outbreaks. In addition, the way such farm birds as chickens and ducks are traditionally raised and marketed in the developing world should be changed; there should be more distance between the birds and their keepers. Countries should deal with the disease with joint effort. If one country is inadequately prepared, it will be a threat to every other country.The potential effects of a national outbreak of bird flu are enormous. Firstly, an outbreak may kill large numbers of people. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that an outbreak similar to the mild Hong Kong flu of 1968 could kill as many as 7.4 millions people. If it were as dangerous as the 1918 Spanish flu, which killed 50 million, the number would be much higher. Secondly, such an outbreak may cause great financial damage. The latest outbreak of bird flu, which began in December 2003, has cost Southeast Asia more than $10 billion and depressed its GDP by 1.5 percent. If a new outbreak of bird flu were to last for a whole year, $800 billion would be lost. Despite the 124 human cases and 63 deaths from bird flu since December 2003, the virus remains mainly a disease animals. However, the more animals that die of the disease, the more chances it has of spreading to people. Large numbers of dead or dying birds mean that more people will be exposed to the virus and change into a virus with new characteristics. If the international community works together efficiently, man can surely prevent such a virus and possibly save millions of lives.26. Faced with the threat of a global outbreak of bird flu, the international community should ________.A. establish new marketsB. work together effectivelyC. stop birds from flying to other countriesD. raise fewer chickens and ducks27. The second paragraph focuses on ______.A. World Health OrganizationB. flus in Hong Kong and SpainC. the economy of Southeast AsiaD. possible effects of a bird flu outbreak28. The number of people who have died of bird flu since 2003 is _______.A. 63B. 124C. 7.4 millionD. 50 million29. In the third paragraph, the author is mainly interested in _____.A. stimulating financial growthB. reducing economic damagesC. saving human livesD. protecting bird species30. The passage deals with all the following aspects bird flu EXCEPT _______.A. the origin and history of bird fluB. the importance of international cooperationC. the possible dangers of a national outbreakD. the significance of preventing it from spreadingPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.The long summer holidays are finally over and some parents are pleased. "We worry more about their safety in the holidays," explains one mother from North London. If teenagers are not wandering around on public transport in a big and potentially dangerous city, they are chatting to strangers in an internet chat room! Well, that's an extreme picture of the UK today, but many parents are worried about how much freedom they can give their children during the holidays and at weekends.Weekends are not the only time to worry! Newspaper are full of stories about too many school kids going to school by car because their parents do not want them to travel alone on a bus or train. This summer there were more frightening stories of teenagers disappearing with questionable friends that they met on the net. All the Media stories help increase parents fears, but is the UK really so dangerous?Many young people feel that life for their parents was easier. In the 1960s young people played in the streets more and traveled around town without their parents. "At least our parents can keep tabs on us," says 16-year-old Julia. "So many people have mobile phones now and their parents ring to find out where they are. I use my mobile to get Dad to come to the station when I arrive late." Mobiles are not just expensive toys; they help keep young people safe. Most significantly, they help keep young people safe. Most significantly, they make parents feel better. Only one problem is, though, that some young people have been attacked by thieves who want to steal their mobile phones.Young people like going out with friends, but they now need to learn how to get home safely. Five million young people in the UK between the ages of 9 to 16 use chat rooms to make friends, but they, too, need to be careful and never give their personal details to a stranger. Young people today have more opportunities to meet new people and go out at night more than their parents ever did. Now school, television programs and newspapers must help teenagers to enjoy their freedom and to be responsible for their own safety.31. Some parents are upset about the summer holidays mainly because their children ______.A. wander around on bus in the cityB. chat to strangers in Internet chat roomsC. make questionable friends on the netD. are taken little care of by teachers32. For the sake of the safety, many parents send their kids to school ________.A. by carB. by busC. by trainD. by public transport33. Most significantly, mobile phones _______.A. enable parents keep a close watch on their kidsB. help keep teenagers safeC. make parents feel less worriedD. protect teenagers from being attacked34. Teenagers should never give any strangers ______.A. their mobile phone numbersB. their family addressC. their personal informationD. their parents' names35. This passage is mainly about ________.A. freedom for teenagers in summer holidaysB. safety for teenagers in summer holidaysC. activities for teenagers in summer holidaysD. troubles for teenagers in summer holidaysPART TWO (50 POINTS)将下列汉语单词译成英语。

第一部分 Text A & 第二部分 Text B第一部分 Text A【课文译文】怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者决策是从可供挑选的行动方案中作出选择，目的在于确定并实现组织机构的目标或目的。

之所以要决策是因为存在问题，或是目标或目的不对，或某种东西妨碍目标或目的实现。

因此，决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。

管理者所做的一切几乎都与决策有关，事实上，有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。

虽然决策者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可能会发生的情况。

管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测，并使偶然性尽可能少地发生。

但因为总是存在着未知情况，所以决策往往伴随着风险。

有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重，但有时就会不堪设想。

选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。

决策本身就是一个选择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。

例如，学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约，这些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。

选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。

没有选项，就没有选择，因而也就没有决策。

如果看不到任何选项，这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的研究。

例如，管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题，这是他们简化问题的方法。

这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的选项。

在管理这个层次上，制定决策包括：识别选项和缩小选项范围，其范围小到微乎其微，大到近乎无限。

决策者必须有某种方法来断定几种选项中的最佳选项，即哪个选项最有利于实现其组织的目标。

组织的目标是指该组织努力完成或达到的目标或现状。

由于个人(或组织)对于怎样实现其目标的方式都有不同的见解，最佳的选择就在于决策者了。

常常是一个组织的下属部门做出的决策对自己有利，而对上一级的部门来说，就不是较佳选择了。

这种增加部门的局部利益而减少其他部门的局部利益所作出的权衡，叫做局部优化。

自考本英语(二)00015教材答案1、——Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? ——Im afraid（）of them is possible. [单选题] *A.neither(正确答案)B. eitherC. noneD.both2、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?? ? ? --like peaches best. [单选题] *A. fruit(正确答案)B. vegetablesC. drinkD. plants3、I should like to rent a house which is modern, comfortable and _____, in a quiet neighborhood. [单选题] *A.in allB. after allC. above all(正确答案)D. over all4、9．—Will there be more cars in the future?—________. [单选题] * A．See youB．Well, I'm not sure(正确答案)C．You're welcomeD．Thank you5、39．—What do you ________ my new dress?—Very beautiful. [单选题] * A．look atB．think aboutC．think of(正确答案)D．look through6、Mary _____ be in Paris. I saw her just now on campus. [单选题] *A. mustn'tB. can't(正确答案)C. need notD. may not7、28．The question is very difficult. ______ can answer it. [单选题] * A．EveryoneB．No one(正确答案)C．SomeoneD．Anyone8、If the trousers are too long, ask the clerk to bring you a shorter _____. [单选题] *A. suitB.setC.oneD.pair(正确答案)9、—Tony, it’s cold outside. ______ wear a jacket?—OK, mom.（）[单选题] *A. Why not(正确答案)B. Why don’tC. Why did youD. Why do you10、Location is the first thing customers consider when_____to buy a house. [单选题] *A.planning(正确答案)B.plannedC.having plannedD.to plan11、Mr. White likes to live in a _______ place. [单选题] *A. quiteB. quiet(正确答案)C. quickD. quietly12、I think ______ time with my friends is fun for me.（）[单选题] *A. spendB. spendC. spending(正确答案)D. spent13、______ the morning of September 8th, many visitors arrived at the train station for a tour.（）[单选题] *A. FromB. ToC. InD. On(正确答案)14、More than one student_____absent from the class yesterday due to the flu. [单选题] *A.areB.hasC.isD.was(正确答案)15、7．—________ is the Shanghai Wild Animal Park?—It’s 15km east of the Bund. [单选题] *A．WhoB．WhatC．WhenD．Where (正确答案)16、Nearly two thousand years have passed _____ the Chinese first invented the compass. [单选题] *A. whenB. beforeC. since(正确答案)D. after17、pencil - box is beautiful. But ____ is more beautiful than ____. [单选题] *A. Tom's; my; heB. Tom's; mine; his(正确答案)C. Tom's; mine; himD. Tom's; my; his18、You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking, _______ you’ll get better soon. [单选题] *A. butB. afterC. orD. and(正确答案)19、For more information, please _______ us as soon as possible. [单选题] *A. confidentB. confidenceC. contact(正确答案)D. concert20、37．—What will you be ___________?—I'm not sure. Maybe I'll be a doctor like my father. [单选题] *A．right nowB．in the future(正确答案)C．at onceD．at the moment21、Obviously they didn’t see the significance of the plan. That is（）the problem lies. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whyC. /D. how22、I walked too much yesterday and （）are still aching now. [单选题] *A. my leg's musclesB. my leg muscles(正确答案)C. my muscles' of legD. my legs' muscles23、His understanding made a deep impression_____the young girl. [单选题] *A.on(正确答案)B.inC.forD.with24、The travelers arrived _______ Xi’an _______ a rainy day. [单选题] *A. at; inB. at; onC. in; inD. in; on(正确答案)25、77．–Hey! Any idea about learning abroad? --You （)google the College Board to learn the names of college you ____ be interested in [单选题] *A. may;needB. can; might (正确答案)C. will; shouldD. shall; must26、Mr. Brown ______ the football match next week.（）[单选题] *A. is seeingB. seesC. sawD. is going to see(正确答案)27、I will _______ at the school gate. [单选题] *A. pick you up(正确答案)B. pick up youC. pick you outD. pick out you28、You wouldn't have seen her if it _____ not been for him . [单选题] *A. hasB. had(正确答案)C. haveD．is having29、36．The students will go to the Summer Palace if it __________ tomorrow. [单选题] * A．won’t rainB．isn’t rainingC．doesn’t rain (正确答案)D．isn’t rain30、My brother is too shy. He _______ speaks in front of lots of people. [单选题] *A. alwaysB. usuallyC. seldom(正确答案)D. sometimes。