自考英语二Unit1ThePowerofLanguage翻译

自考英语二00015短语及重点语句Unit1 The Power of Language Phrases and Expressionsapply to to use something or make something work in a particular situation 使用;应用put forth to suggest an idea, explanation etc., especially one that other people later consider and discuss提出；产生take…into account to consider particular facts, circumstances, etc. when making a decisionabout something 考虑到；顾及accept/take…at face value to believe that something is wha t it appears to be, without questioning it相信表面；信以为真with a grain of salt with reservations; skeptically 有保留的；持怀疑态度地carry out to do and complete a task 完成（任务）be up to to be for somebody to decide 取决于have an impact on/upon to have a powerful effect onsomebody/something 对…产生巨大影响rub…out to remove the marks made by a pencil, etc. 用橡皮擦掉(字迹等)be in control of to direct or manage an organization, anarea or a situation 掌握；管理；控制Key Sentences1.In either case, you must recognize and take into account anydifferences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

Unit 1 The Power of LanguageText A Critical Reading批判性地阅读（翻译）批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作.批判性阅读是积极阅读。

它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点.成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。

考虑写作背景。

你所读的可能是与你有不同文化背景的人所写的，或者是与你有不同时代背景的人多年以前所写的。

无论哪种情况，你都必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所代表的价值观和态度有何不同.质疑作者的论点.不要轻信作品的表面意思.在接受作者观点前,首先要确定作者作出的每一个论点都有足够的论据支持。

找出能支持该论点的事实、实例、和数据。

另外，注意作者是否参考了权威著作。

与同主题文章进行比较。

查看该作者的文章与其他作者关于同一主题的文章是否有一致性。

如果存在不一致性，对不一致的地方背后的论据支持要进行仔细甄别。

分析作者提出的假设。

假设是作者认为具有正确性的前提，基于这些前提作者才能提出论点。

很多时候作者的假设并没有直接说明，这就意味着你必须通过仔细阅读来发现这些假设。

一旦发现某一假设,你必须判断这一假设是否合理。

鉴别文章出处。

鉴别时要确保文章出处真实可信。

例如，如果文章是关于物理学里程碑式的成就,那么爱因斯坦的论述就是可靠的出处.此外还要确保出处具有相关性。

如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦的论述就不是相关出处。

最后，如果作者写的是某个主题当前的情形，那就要确保出处来源也是当前最新的.例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学知识的现状，那么爱因斯坦在二十世纪早期进行的研究可能就不适合作出处了。

甄别作者可能带有的偏见.有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或民主党人迥然而异。

作者所写的内容很可能反映其带有偏见的立场。

阅读时要考虑到这种偏见存在的可能性。

也就是说，要对文章内容“半信半疑”。

成为一名批判性阅读者,你的思路会不断拓宽，观点会更加合理。

2021年最新出版自考英语（二）讲义Unit 1 The Power ofLanguag2021年自考“英语（二）”备考资料（新版教材 unit 1）Unit 1 The Power of Language I. New words and expressions New words 1. critical adj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的 2. non-fiction n. 纪实文学 3. position n. 观点；态度；立场 4. statement n. 说明；说法；表态 5. question v. 表示疑问；怀疑out of question / out of the question 6. evaluate v. 估计；评价；评估7. context n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉 8. value n. values [pl.]是非标准；价值观 valuableinvaluable=priceless valueless9. represent v. 描述；表现 representative adj./n. 10. assertion n. 明确肯定；断言 11. sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 sufficiency insufficient12. statistic n. statistics [pl.]统计数字；统计资料 13. integrate v.（使）合并，成为一体 14. authority n.专家；学术权威；泰斗 an/the authority on sth. authorize15. compare v. 比较；对比 compare A with B compare A to B16. subject n. 主题；题目；题材 17. consistent adj. 相符的；符合的 18. inconsistency n. 不一致 19. assumption n. 假定；假设 20. case n. 具体情况；事例 in case in case of fire in case that…a case in pointconfirmed/suspected cases 21. directly adv. 直接地；径直地 22. identify v. 找到；发现23. valid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的 validity n. 有效性，正确（性） invalid24. credible adj. 可信的；可靠的 incredible=unbelievable25. landmark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑 26. relevant adj. 紧密相关的；切题的 relevancy n. 关联；恰当 irrelevant27. current adj. 现时发生的；当前的 28. appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 inappropriateIt's (not) appropriate that …. 29. bias n. 偏见；偏心；偏向30. considerably adv. 非常；很；相当多地 consider considering considerable considerate consideration31. Democrat n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民 32. Republican n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者 33. reflect v. 显示；表明；表达 34. informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的 well-informed ill-informedPhrases and Expressions 1. apply to 使用；应用 2. put forth 提出；产生3. take … into account 考虑到；顾及4. accept/take … at face value 相信表面；信以为真5. with a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地 II. Text Learning Critical Reading① (1)Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the authorputs forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just（不只是，不仅仅是）understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：1. Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. apply to sb./sth.= be applicable to sb./sth. apply的派生词：application, applicant, applicable② Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different culturalcontext than yours. (2)Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. (3)In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 本部分重点及难点： 2. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. some time注意区分：sometime / sometimes / some times3. In either case, you must recognize and take into account anydifferences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

⾃考英语⼆（新版）原⽂Unit1ThePowerofLanguageUnit 1 The Power of Language学习⽅法指南五个⽅⾯把握⽂章1）词2）句3）篇4）义5）背诵或复述重点段落（当天重复，第⼆天再重复，七天后再重复）课后习题1）结合课⽂⾥出现的要点，完成题⽬2）标记不熟练的题⽬，当天重复⼀遍，第⼆天再重复⼀遍，考前再重复⼀遍Unit 1 The Power of LanguageA FAMOUS QUOTELanguage is the dress of thought.--Samuel Johnson语⾔是思维的外⾐。

--塞缪尔·约翰逊Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)，British man of letters, one of the most outstanding figures of the 18th century in England. He made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnson has been described as "arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history"Text A Critical ReadingPre-reading questions 读前问题：1. Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is active reading?通常情况下，你是否会反对作者提出的观点？你认为什么是积极阅读？2. What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?你希望作者就批判性阅读提出什么样的建议呢？Vocabulary 词汇四点要求 1.⾳ 2.义 3.衍⽣变化 4.⽤法/搭配New Wordscritical adj. 有判断⼒的；判断公正（或审慎的）；批判的non-fiction n.纪实⽂学position n. 观点；态度；⽴场statement n.说明；说法；表态question v.表⽰疑问；怀疑evaluate vt.估计；评价，评估context n. （事情发⽣的）背景，环境，来龙去脉value n.是⾮标准；价值观represent v.描述；表现assertion n.明确肯定；断⾔sufficient adj.⾜够的；充⾜的statistic n.统计数字；统计资料integrate v.（使）合并，成为⼀体authority n. 专家；学术权威；泰⽃compare v.⽐较；对⽐subject n.主题；题⽬；题材consistent adj. 相符的；符合的（consistency）inconsistency n.不⼀致assumption n.假定；假设case n. 具体情况；事例directly adv. 直接地；径直地identify v. 找到；发现valid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的credible adj. 可信的；可靠的landmark n.（标志重要阶段的）⾥程碑；地标relevant adj.紧密相关的；切题的current adj. 现时发⽣的；当前的appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的bias n.偏见；偏⼼；偏向considerably adv. ⾮常；很；相当多地Democrat n.（美国）民主党党员，民主党⽀持者Republican n.（美国）共和党党员，共和党⽀持者reflect v.显⽰；表明；表达informed adj.有学问的；有见识的Phrases and Expressionsapply to使⽤；适⽤于put forth 提出；产⽣take sth into account 考虑；顾及accept/take sth at face value 相信表⾯；信以为真with a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地重点词汇critical adj. 有判断⼒的；判断公正（或审慎的）eg: Try to develop a more critical attitude, instead of accepting everything at face value. 要学会对⼀切事物⼀丝不苟, ⽽不要注重表⾯现象.其他⽤法：危机中的；危急时刻的；决定性的；关键的eg: We are at a critical time in our history.我们正处于历史的紧要关头。

II. Text LearningThe Language of Confidence1 The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us agreat degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to usethe language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve ourquality of life.2 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconsciousmind, which is like a child, and it doesn't really understand the differencebetween what really happens and what you imagine. (1)It is eager to please andwilling to carry out any commands that you give it - whether you do thisknowingly or not is entirely up to you."Try"3 It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says,"I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to beputting their wholeheart into it, and may not even do it at all. (2)How often do you use the wordtry when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to bemore confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?4 Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourselfin two different ways. Firstly say, "I'll try to …" and notice how you feel.Next say, "I will do …" and see how you feel.5 (3)The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn't it? It givesyou a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to thepeople around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not.Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.（承上句）本部分重点及难点：显示重难点解析1. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commandsthat you give it- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。

Unit 1 The Power‎ of Langu‎a ge学习方法指‎南五个方面把‎握文章1）词2）句3）篇4）义5）背诵或复述‎重点段落（当天重复，第二天再重‎复，七天后再重‎复）课后习题1）结合课文里‎出现的要点‎，完成题目2）标记不熟练‎的题目，当天重复一‎遍，第二天再重‎复一遍，考前再重复‎一遍Unit 1 The Power‎ of Langu‎a geA FAMOU‎S QUOTE‎Langu‎a ge is the dress‎of thoug‎h t.--Samue‎l Johns‎o n语言是思维‎的外衣。

--塞缪尔·约翰逊Text A Criti‎c al Readi‎n gPre-readi‎n g quest‎ions1.Do you usual‎ly chall‎e nge the idea an autho‎r repre‎s ents‎? What do you think‎is activ‎e readi‎ng?2. What sugge‎s tion‎s do you expec‎t the autho‎r will give on readi‎n g criti‎c ally‎?Vocab‎ulary‎词汇四点要求 1.音 2.义 3.衍生变化 4.用法/搭配New Words‎criti‎c al adj. 有判断力的‎；判断公正（或审慎的）；批判的non-ficti‎o n n.纪实文学posit‎ion n. 观点；态度；立场state‎m ent n.说明；说法；表态quest‎ion v. 表示疑问；怀疑evalu‎a te vt. 估计；评价，评估conte‎x t n. （事情发生的‎）背景，环境，来龙去脉value‎ n. 是非标准；价值观repre‎s ent v. 描述；表现asser‎t ion n. 明确肯定；断言suffi‎c ient‎a dj. 足够的；充足的stati‎s tic n. 统计数字；统计资料integ‎r ate v.（使）合并，成为一体autho‎rity n. 专家；学术权威；泰斗compa‎r e v. 比较；对比subje‎c t n. 主题；题目；题材consi‎s tent‎ adj. 相符的；符合的（consi‎s tenc‎y）incon‎siste‎n cy n. 不一致assum‎p tion‎ n. 假定；假设case n. 具体情况；事例direc‎t ly adv. 直接地；径直地ident‎ify v. 找到；发现valid‎a dj. 符合逻辑的‎；合理的；确凿的credi‎b le adj. 可信的；可靠的landm‎a rk n.（标志重要阶‎段的）里程碑；地标relev‎a nt adj. 紧密相关的‎；切题的curre‎n t adj. 现时发生的‎；当前的appro‎p riat‎e adj. 合适的；恰当的bias n. 偏见；偏心；偏向consi‎d e rab‎ly adv. 非常；很；相当多地Democ‎r at n.（美国）民主党党员‎，民主党支持‎者Repub‎lican‎ n.（美国）共和党党员‎，共和党支持‎者refle‎c t v. 显示；表明；表达infor‎m ed adj. 有学问的；有见识的Phras‎e s and Expre‎ssion‎sapply‎to 使用；适用于put forth‎提出；产生take sth into accou‎n t 考虑；顾及accep‎t/take sth at face value‎相信表面；信以为真with a grain‎of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度‎地重点词汇criti‎c al adj. 有判断力的‎；判断公正（或审慎的）eg: Try to devel‎o p a more criti‎c al attit‎u de, inste‎a d of accep‎t ing every‎t hing‎at face value‎.要学会对一‎切事物一丝‎不苟, 而不要注重‎表面现象.其他用法：危机中的；危急时刻的‎；决定性的；关键的eg: We are at a criti‎c al time in our histo‎r y.我们正处于‎历史的紧要‎关头。

自考英语（二）教材课后练习答案课程代码00015Unit 1 The power of languageText AChecking your comprehension1-5 BADACBuilding your vocabularySection A 1-6 consistent statement reflect invalid considerablycomparisonSection B 1-6 credible identify assumption represents evaluatedappropriateSection C 1-6 to forth into on with toBridging the gap1-10 defines action tears good express powerful internally shapes responds to personalTranslationSection A 1. take interests of different social groups into account2. Compare the recent work with the previous one3. was not consistent with his statement to the police4. was not relevant to the affair /matter that was being dealt with5. Please inform us of any change in your caseSection B成为一名灵活的读者，你需要知道怎样选择和使用阅读方式，来与你的阅读目的相一致。

懂得何时以及怎样选用不同的阅读方式会使你成为一个灵活的读者。

当读者的目的是需要很高的阅读理解能力来读懂难度很高的阅读材料时，精读是一名灵活的读者使用的阅读方法。

2013年自考“英语（二）”备考资料（新版教材unit 1）Unit 1 T he P o wer of L angu ageI. Ne w w or ds a nd ex p r es s ionsNe w wor ds1. c r itic a l a dj. 有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的2. no n-f ic tion n. 纪实文学3. pos iti on n. 观点；态度；立场4. s tatem ent n. 说明；说法；表态5. qu es tio n v. 表示疑问；怀疑out of ques ti on / ou t of the q ues ti on6. e va luat e v. 估计；评价；评估7. c ont ex t n. 事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉8. v al ue n. v al ues [p l.]是非标准；价值观va lu abl ein va lua bl e=pr ic el es sva lu eles s9. r epr es e nt v. 描述；表现r epr es ent ati ve adj./n.10. as s er ti on n. 明确肯定；断言11. s uf f ic ient a dj. 足够的；充足的s uf f ic ienc yins uf f ic ient12. s tat is tic n. s tat is ti c s [pl.]统计数字；统计资料13. inte gr ate v.（使）合并，成为一体14. a uth or it y n.专家；学术权威；泰斗an/the aut hor it y on s th.aut hor i ze15. c om par e v. 比较；对比c om par e A wit h Bc om par e A to B16. s ubj ec t n. 主题；题目；题材17. c ons is t ent adj. 相符的；符合的18. inc ons is t enc y n. 不一致19. as s um ption n. 假定；假设20. c as e n. 具体情况；事例in c as ein c as e of f ir ein c as e th at…a c as e in poi ntc onf ir m ed/s us pec ted c as es21. d ir ec tl y a d v. 直接地；径直地22. ide ntif y v. 找到；发现23. va lid adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的v al idi t y n. 有效性，正确（性）in va li d24. c r ed ib le a dj. 可信的；可靠的inc r ed ib le=u nbe li e vab le25. lan dm ark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑26. r e le van t adj. 紧密相关的；切题的r ele va nc y n. 关联；恰当ir r el ev ant27. c ur r ent adj. 现时发生的；当前的28. a ppr o pr iat e adj. 合适的；恰当的in appr opr ia teIt's (n ot) a ppr o pr ia te th at ….29. b ias n. 偏见；偏心；偏向30. c ons ider a bl y a dv.非常；很；相当多地c ons id erc ons id er in gc ons id er ab lec ons id er atec ons id er at ion31. D em oc r at n. （美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民32. R epu bl ic an n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者33. r ef lec t v. 显示；表明；表达34. inf or m ed adj. 有学问的；有见识的we ll-i nf orm edi ll-i nf orm edPhr as es a nd Ex pr es s i ons1. ap pl y t o 使用；应用2. pu t f or th 提出；产生3. tak e … i nto ac c oun t 考虑到；顾及4. ac c ept/tak e … at f ac e v alu e 相信表面；信以为真5. wi th a gr ai n of s alt有保留地；持怀疑态度地II. T ex t Lear n ingCr itic a l R e ad ing① (1)Cr itic a l r e adi ng app lies t o n on-f ic tion wr i tin g i n whic h t he a uthorputs f or th a p os it ion or s eek s to m ak e a s tatem ent. Cr it ic al r e ad ing is ac tiv e r ea di ng. I t i nv o lv es m or e than j us t（不只是，不仅仅是）under s ta nd ing what a n aut hor is s a yi ng. Cr itic a l r ea di ng in vol vesques ti on ing an d e va lu atin g wh at t he a uth or is s a yi ng, an d f orm ing yo ur o wn o pi nio ns ab out w hat t he a uth or is s a yi ng. H er e ar e the thi n gs yo u s houl d do to be a c r iti c al r ead er.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：1. C r it ic al r ead ing ap pli es to non-f ic tio n wr iti n g in whic h t he aut horputs f or th a p os it ion or s eek s to m ak e a s tatem ent.app l y to s b./s th.= b e ap pl ic abl e to s b./s t h.app l y的派生词：app lic at ion, ap pl ic ant, ap plic a bl e② Cons ider t he c o nte x t of wh at is wr itte n. You m a y b e r ea di ngs om ethin g th at was w r itten b y an aut hor f r om a diff er ent c ultur alc ontex t th an yo ur s. (2)O r, you m a y be r ead i ng s om ething wr itt en s ome tim e ago i n a dif f er ent tim e c ontex t th an yo ur s. (3)In ei ther c as e,yo u m us t r ec ogni ze and t ak e into ac c ou nt a n y dif f er enc es bet we en yourva lues a nd atti tud es and t hos e r e pr es ent e d b y th e au thor.本部分重点及难点：2. O r, yo u m a y be r ea din g s om ething wr itt e n s om e tim e ago in adif f er ent tim e c ontex t than yo ur s.s om e tim e注意区分：s om etim e / s om etim es / s om e tim es3. In eit her c as e, yo u m us t r ec ogni ze and t ak e into ac c ou nt a n ydif f er enc es bet we en your v alu es an d at tit ud es and thos e r epr es e ntedb y t he auth or. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。

批评性阅读阅读纪实文学适合用批评性的阅读方法，因为在非文学类作品里，作者常常会提出某种观点或是寻求作者的态度。

批评性的阅读方法是一种主动性很强的阅读方法。

它涉及到的不仅仅是理解作者所说的话。

批评性的阅读方法还涉及到质疑和评估作者所说的话，涉及到对于作者所说的话要形咸你自己的观点。

如果你想要成为一名有批评性思维的读者，在这里我列出一些你应该做到的。

仔细思考作者的写作背景。

你可能正在读一篇与你的文化背景截然不同的作者所写的文章。

或者，你可能正在读一篇写于不同于你所处的时代的文章。

不论哪种情况，你必须能搞清楚同时好好考虑你的价值观和态度与作者的不同之处。

合理质疑作者所做出的论断。

对于作者写出来的不要全盘接受。

你在接受作者的观点之前，要确保作者提供了足够多的论据来支持其论点。

你要仔细查看支持论断的事实、举例和统计数掂。

同时，你要查看作者是否参考了权威专家的著作。

把作者所写的内容和该题材其他著作作对比。

看看作者所写的内容与该题材领域其他人所写的是否一致。

如果有不一致之处，要仔细评估该处作者提供的论据。

认真分析作者所做的假设。

假设指的是作者为了提出其论断所必须相信是正确的那些观点。

在许多情况下，作者的假设都不是直接陈述出来的。

这就意味着你必须通过仔细地阅读来找到作者的所做的那些假定。

一旦你找到一个假设，你必须抖断一下这个假设是否是合理的。

评估作者的引用来源。

评估时，要确定这些来源是合适的。

举例来说，如果作者写的是吴于物理学上里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦就是一个可靠的引用。

第二，要确定这些引用是相关的。

如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦这个例子就是不相关的。

最后，如果作者所写的主题是当今局势，那就一定要确保引用来源也是当前的。

例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学当今的学科知识情况，那么20世纪早期爱因斯坦的研究可能就不太适合了。

识别作者可能带有的偏见。

有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或是民主党人迥然而异。

写出来的文章可能会很好地反映出作者的偏见态度和立场。

Unit 1 The Power of LanguageA Famous QuoteLanguage is the dress of thought.------Samuel JohnsonSamuel Johnson(1709-1784), British man of letters, one of the most outstanding figures of the 18th century in England. He made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnson has been described as “arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history.”Text A Critical ReadingPre-reading Questions1. Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think isactive reading?2. What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written sometime ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.Question assertions made by the author. Don’t accept wha t is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, by certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support. Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with that others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies.Analyze assumptions made by the author. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author’s assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid.Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, by certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author h as written. That is, take what is written with “a grain of salt.”By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.Text B The Language of ConfidencePre-reading Questions1. Are there any words that make you feel confident or diffident?2. Do you believe that language can influence people’s thought? Give someexample.The language we use programs our brain. Mastering our language give us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it--- whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.“Try”It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says,“I’ll try to do that” you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do say “I’ll try to be more confi dent” or “I’ll try to do that” or “I’ll try to call”?Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, “I’ll try to …” and notice how you feel. Next say, “I will do …” and see how you feel.Th e latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesn’t it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try to notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.“Can’t”This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you feel great.Instead of saying you can’t, why not say something like “I choose …” or “I choose not to …” Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they have a deep and lasting effect on us. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!。

Unit l The Power of Language参考译文/对话范例请朗读下面的对话，注意说话者提出建议的方式。

史蒂夫：嗨，珍妮，想不想这周末一起做点什么？珍妮：当然了。

做什么呢？史蒂夫：不知道。

你有什么想法吗？珍妮：看电影怎么样？史蒂夫：好主意。

看什么电影呢？珍妮：那就看"机动部队4"吧。

史蒂夫：我不想看那部电影，我不喜欢看充满暴力的影片。

"疯狂的布朗医生"怎么样？听说很有趣。

珍妮：好的。

就看这部吧！几点开场？史蒂夫：8点在瑞克斯影院。

看电影之前我们吃点东西怎么样？珍妮：当然了，好主意。

去新开的意大利餐馆梅开缇吧。

史蒂夫：太好了1 6点钟在那不见不散。

珍妮：好的。

6点钟梅开缇见。

再见。

史蒂夫：再见。

指导实践要求：给你的朋友提一些建议，告诉他们什么地方适合度假。

利用你自己的信息，也可以运用下面的提示。

你想去""吗？我们去""好吗？我们去""吧。

我们为什么不去""呀？去""怎么样？好主意。

谢谢你，给了我那么多好的建议。

TextA读前问题：1．通常情况下，你是否会反对作者提出的观点？你认为什么是积极阅读？2．你希望作者就批判性阅读提出什么样的建议呢？批判性阅读批判性阅读适用于非小说类文学写作，作者要么提出观点，要么陈述事实。

批判性阅读就是积极阅读，不仅仅要解决作者所说的话，还要对其提出质疑，进展评价，进而形成自己的独特的观点。

要想成为批判性读者，就要做到以下几点：考虑写作的语境。

你所阅读的文章，其作者的文化背景也许与你截然不同，抑或文章是以前写的，与你所处的时代也完全不同。

无论哪种情况，你都必须意识到你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度是不同的，要充分考虑这些差异。

质疑作者提出的观点。

不要按照字面意思来理解文章的内容，在此之前，一定要搞清楚作者是否提供了足够的证据，证明他的观点是正确的。