山东自考英语二课文翻译
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自考英语(二)上册课文中英文对照翻译
英语（二）上册课文中英文对照翻译U-1 How to be a successful language learner?怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者“Learning a language is easy, even a child can do it!”“学习一门语言很容易，即使小孩也能做得到。
”Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.大多数正在学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这种说法。
对他们来说，学习一门语言是非常困难的事情。
他们需要数百小时的学习与练习，即使这样也不能保证每个成年语言学习者都能学好。
Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.语言学习不同于其他学习。
许多人很聪明，在自己的领域很成功，但他们发现很难学好一门语言。
山东自考英语二Unit_10
Unit10Text A Working Women --— East and West 东西方的职业妇女Work，for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under，involves responsibility( n.责任，责任心；职责) for a household，a child or children，and a job outside the home as well （也）．It all adds up to a busy life．对于大多数55岁或55岁以下的美国妇女和中国妇女来说，工作包括家务、照顾一个或几个孩子以及一份家庭以外的工作，所有这些加起来就是忙碌的生活。
How is it going for them —for us?她们现在的情况怎么样?我们中国的情况又怎么样呢?Experts have observed [ vt.&vi.观察] that life forms a different sort of (adv.有几分地a.有几分地) pyramid for women in China than in the United States．专家学者已经注意到，对中美两国妇女来说，生活形成的“金字塔”形状各不相同。
In China，nearly all young mothers are employed(被雇佣) outside the home，with their numbers decreasing [ vt./vi./n.减小，减少] as they approach middle age．在中国，几乎所有年轻的母亲都有职业，但随着年龄步人中年，人数越来越少。
The reasons are clear：the second income of the woman is an absolute(绝对的) necessity(必要性) for a young family with a child or two．原因很清楚：对于有一两个孩子的夫妇来说，妻子的这第二笔收入绝对是必要的。
山东自考英语二课文原文及翻译(精选)
山东自考本科英语二课本原文及翻译Unit 1 Text AHow Difficult Is English? 英语有多难Like the national push for Asian literacy （n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力）in Australia，there has been foreign languages fervor in China，with English on top of the list.就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，中国也掀起一股外语热，在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首。
English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。
Parents hire private tutors for their school children；adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination.父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。
Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ?英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗?The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes．如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。
山东自考英语二Unit-3
因此，理想的教育制度应该培养学生酷爱学习，而不是只是为了获取事实应该鼓励探索精神。
Ideally（a.完美的），family and governmental policy should be to see that we have a great number of books—any books．
但如果你没有这种好运气养成爱读书的习惯，你就会认为读书是件讨厌的事。
A few，but very few，come to the habit late in life．
有一些人，为数不多，直到晚年才养成爱读书的习惯。
The circumstances which help to set a child on the path to the literary adventure are：
many read something light for pleasure， a few dip into something more serious now and then；
多数人只是看些闲书消遣；时常浏览一些比较严肃读物的人也是少数；
while very many men，women and children never advance beyond the sports page of a newspaper，a fashion article or a comic．
发展国民经济是政府的一贯政策。
3、China took a stand on these issues.
中国在这问题上标明了立场。
4、It is wrong to ignore（不理睬） their suggestions.
不理睬他们的建议是不对的。
5、I always prefer（更喜欢） starting early, rather than leaving everything to the last minute.
Ideally（a.完美的），family and governmental policy should be to see that we have a great number of books—any books．
但如果你没有这种好运气养成爱读书的习惯，你就会认为读书是件讨厌的事。
A few，but very few，come to the habit late in life．
有一些人，为数不多，直到晚年才养成爱读书的习惯。
The circumstances which help to set a child on the path to the literary adventure are：
many read something light for pleasure， a few dip into something more serious now and then；
多数人只是看些闲书消遣；时常浏览一些比较严肃读物的人也是少数；
while very many men，women and children never advance beyond the sports page of a newspaper，a fashion article or a comic．
发展国民经济是政府的一贯政策。
3、China took a stand on these issues.
中国在这问题上标明了立场。
4、It is wrong to ignore（不理睬） their suggestions.
不理睬他们的建议是不对的。
5、I always prefer（更喜欢） starting early, rather than leaving everything to the last minute.
山东自考英语二Unit-8
还要有技巧，考虑要周到。
If you are giving a lecture or explaining an idea， gather as many facts as you can on your subject．
假如你在上课或在解释一个概念，你要收集有关这一主题的材料，越多越好。
Spend plenty of time doing your research．
And，at the same time，find out as much as you can about your audience．
与此同时，要尽可能多地了解你的听众。
Who are they ? What do they know about your subject ?
他们是谁?他们对你讲的主题有何了解?
如果是个大屋子，你或许应当用扩音器。
Just remember：be prepared．
记住：要有准备。
Know your subject, your audience,and the occasion．
要了解你讲演的主题，你的听众和场合。
Be brief． Say what you have to say and then stop．
生活中我们都会有被邀请就某一问题做演讲的时候，但是大多数人都做得不很好。
This article gives some suggestions on how to give a good speech．
这篇文章就如何才能做好演讲提出了一些建议。)
So，you have to give a speech——and you are afraid． You get nervous，you forget what you want to say，you stumble over words，you talk too long，and you bore your audience．
If you are giving a lecture or explaining an idea， gather as many facts as you can on your subject．
假如你在上课或在解释一个概念，你要收集有关这一主题的材料，越多越好。
Spend plenty of time doing your research．
And，at the same time，find out as much as you can about your audience．
与此同时，要尽可能多地了解你的听众。
Who are they ? What do they know about your subject ?
他们是谁?他们对你讲的主题有何了解?
如果是个大屋子，你或许应当用扩音器。
Just remember：be prepared．
记住：要有准备。
Know your subject, your audience,and the occasion．
要了解你讲演的主题，你的听众和场合。
Be brief． Say what you have to say and then stop．
生活中我们都会有被邀请就某一问题做演讲的时候，但是大多数人都做得不很好。
This article gives some suggestions on how to give a good speech．
这篇文章就如何才能做好演讲提出了一些建议。)
So，you have to give a speech——and you are afraid． You get nervous，you forget what you want to say，you stumble over words，you talk too long，and you bore your audience．
山东自考英语二Unit-2
你对那些只与男人有关的事情发表意见。
3、Through my association（交往） with Americans during the past six years, I had gradually （逐渐地）adopted（采用） some of their ways.
在过去的六年和美国人的交往中，我逐渐学会了他们的一些做法。
They gradually became less warm and friendly toward me，and I became uncomfortable and confused as to（至于） why they were behaving that way.
渐渐地，大家对我疏远起来，不像开始时那么热情、友好了, 我感到不舒服，弄不明白他们为什么这样对待我。
During the next few days I tried to be a Chinese woman．
接下来的几天，我尽力作一名中国女性，
But it didn’t work．My family remained distant from me．
可是没用。家人和我疏远。
They could no longer accept me fully as one of them．
我母亲忙着备饭为我接风，家里其余的人迫不及待地问我在美国的生活。
I felt happy that day and for a couple of days after，but then I began to feel that something was wrong．
那天和之后的几天我都非常高兴, 但是不久我就开始感觉到事情有些不对劲儿。
3、Through my association（交往） with Americans during the past six years, I had gradually （逐渐地）adopted（采用） some of their ways.
在过去的六年和美国人的交往中，我逐渐学会了他们的一些做法。
They gradually became less warm and friendly toward me，and I became uncomfortable and confused as to（至于） why they were behaving that way.
渐渐地，大家对我疏远起来，不像开始时那么热情、友好了, 我感到不舒服，弄不明白他们为什么这样对待我。
During the next few days I tried to be a Chinese woman．
接下来的几天，我尽力作一名中国女性，
But it didn’t work．My family remained distant from me．
可是没用。家人和我疏远。
They could no longer accept me fully as one of them．
我母亲忙着备饭为我接风，家里其余的人迫不及待地问我在美国的生活。
I felt happy that day and for a couple of days after，but then I began to feel that something was wrong．
那天和之后的几天我都非常高兴, 但是不久我就开始感觉到事情有些不对劲儿。
山东自考英语二Unit-13
口生育高峰时出生的大学生上大学是为了自我发展，培养批判思维能力和个人的人生哲学。
Nationally, the number of students going into business-related fields has sharply increased, and this rise has been attributed primarily to the change in educational and career emphases.
在这种环境下，学生提醒自己成功的标准就是各科成绩的平均积分点，把绝大部分精力花在了追求目标而不是探求知识的理解上。
More often than not, they destroy themselves in the process.
在这一过程中，他们经常毁了自己。
Despite all the facts above, there is still hope to remain.
现在，主修英语语言文学的学生数量也有所下降，从1969年的9％下降到当今的5．5％。
Degrees in economics are popular and likely to offer their holders high salaries without the added effort of medical or law school.
经济学学位现在很是吃香，很有可能让毕业生拿到高薪，也不用像攻读医学或法律那样需要付出更多的努力。
And given the goals of the college students of this generation, such options are attractive.
从当代大学生的目标来看，经济学类确实很吸引人。
Nationally, the number of students going into business-related fields has sharply increased, and this rise has been attributed primarily to the change in educational and career emphases.
在这种环境下，学生提醒自己成功的标准就是各科成绩的平均积分点，把绝大部分精力花在了追求目标而不是探求知识的理解上。
More often than not, they destroy themselves in the process.
在这一过程中，他们经常毁了自己。
Despite all the facts above, there is still hope to remain.
现在，主修英语语言文学的学生数量也有所下降，从1969年的9％下降到当今的5．5％。
Degrees in economics are popular and likely to offer their holders high salaries without the added effort of medical or law school.
经济学学位现在很是吃香，很有可能让毕业生拿到高薪，也不用像攻读医学或法律那样需要付出更多的努力。
And given the goals of the college students of this generation, such options are attractive.
从当代大学生的目标来看，经济学类确实很吸引人。
自考英语(二)教材课文翻译
自考英语(二)课文翻译Unit One What Is a Decision ?何为决策 ?A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives. The reason for making a decision is that a problem exists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in the way of accomplishing them.决策是一种选择，来自可以获得的、任择其一的行动步骤。
作决策的意图是要确立和实现机构的目标和目的。
作决策的原因是有问题存在、目标和目的不正确、或者有某种东西妨碍目标或目的的实现。
Thus the decision-making process is fundamental to management. Almost everything a manager does involves decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. Although managers cannot predict the future, many of their decisions require that they consider possible future events. Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance, but since uncertainty is always there, risk accompanies decisions . Sometimes the consequence s of a poor decision are slight; at other times they are serious.因此，作决策的过程对管理人员来说至关重要。
自考 英语(二)课文翻译及练习答案
第一部分 Text A & 第二部分 Text B第一部分 Text A【课文译文】怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者决策是从可供挑选的行动方案中作出选择，目的在于确定并实现组织机构的目标或目的。
之所以要决策是因为存在问题，或是目标或目的不对，或某种东西妨碍目标或目的实现。
因此，决策过程对于管理人员非常重要。
管理者所做的一切几乎都与决策有关，事实上，有人甚至认为管理过程就是决策过程。
虽然决策者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策要求他们必须考虑未来可能会发生的情况。
管理者必须对未来的事情作出最佳的猜测，并使偶然性尽可能少地发生。
但因为总是存在着未知情况，所以决策往往伴随着风险。
有时失误的决策带来的后果不很严重，但有时就会不堪设想。
选择就是从多种选项中进行取舍，没有选择，就没有决策。
决策本身就是一个选择的过程，许多决策有着很广的选择范围。
例如，学生为了实现自己获得学位的目标，可能会从多门课程中进行选择，对于管理者来说，每一个决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等方面的制约，这些制约存在于一个组织的各个部门里。
选项就是可供选择的种种可行的行动方案。
没有选项，就没有选择，因而也就没有决策。
如果看不到任何选项，这意味着还没有对问题进行彻底的研究。
例如，管理者有时会用“非此即彼”的方式处理问题，这是他们简化问题的方法。
这种简化问题的习惯常常使他们看不到其他的选项。
在管理这个层次上，制定决策包括：识别选项和缩小选项范围，其范围小到微乎其微，大到近乎无限。
决策者必须有某种方法来断定几种选项中的最佳选项，即哪个选项最有利于实现其组织的目标。
组织的目标是指该组织努力完成或达到的目标或现状。
由于个人(或组织)对于怎样实现其目标的方式都有不同的见解，最佳的选择就在于决策者了。
常常是一个组织的下属部门做出的决策对自己有利，而对上一级的部门来说，就不是较佳选择了。
这种增加部门的局部利益而减少其他部门的局部利益所作出的权衡，叫做局部优化。
山东省自考英语二Unit 2
Unit 2（山东省自考英语）Text ACaught Between Two Cultures 夹在两种文化之间I was born and raised in Hong Kong.我是土生土长的香港人。
For the past six years I’ve been living in the United States．六年来一直生活在美国，I work as a salesgirl in a large department store.是一家大百货商店的女售货员。
Right now I’m going through a difficult period of my life which is hard for me to talk about．目前我正经历人生中一段痛苦，自己也很难讲述。
A few months ago 1 went to Hong Kong for a visit．几个月前，我回香港探亲，It was the first time I’d gone back there since coming to the United States．这也是我到美国后第一次回家探亲。
I was eager to see my parents，my brothers and sisters，and my friends．我期待着见到我的父母、兄弟姐妹和我的朋友。
I really got a shock when I arrived．到达时，我确实大吃一惊。
Hong Kong was not the same city that I left six years ago．香港已经不是六年前我离开时的那座城市了。
Things had changed so much that I didn’t recognize parts of it．这儿发生了巨大的变化，一些地方都认不出来了。
My elementary school was gone．我读书的那所小学已经不复存在。
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Unit 1 Text AHow Difficult Is English? 英语有多难Like the national push for Asian literacy （n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力）in Australia，就如澳大利亚在全国推行学亚洲语言一样，there has been foreign languages fervor[f??v?] in China，中国也掀起一股外语热，with English on top of the list. 在这股热潮中，英语高居榜首。
English is not only taught at schools，colleges and universities，but also at evening classes，on radio and TV．不仅各级学校教英语，夜校、电台、电视台也都设有英语课程。
Parents hire private tutors for their school children；父母为学龄的孩子聘请英语家教，adult English learners would sacrifice the weekend at an English corner in a public park practicing their spoken English with peop1e of the same interest and determination. 成年英语学习者会牺牲周末休息日，到公园参加英语角，与志趣相投的英语学习者练习口语。
Is English such a difficult language that it really demands people to invest a large amount of time and energy before it is mastered ? 英语真的有这么难，需要人们投入大量的时间和精力才能掌握吗? The answer，if I am asked to offer，is undoubtedly，yes．如果我被问及这个问题，那么毫无疑问，我的答案是：是的。
From my personal experience, 从我个人的经验来看，I think learning English means far more than learning its pronunciation，its grammatical rules，its words，etc．英语学习不仅仅是学习英语发音、语法规则、词汇等，It involves learning everything about the countries where it is used and the people who use it．它包括学习与使用该语言的国家和民族有关的所有内容。
Without such a complete understanding of the language, 对英语没有这样全面的理解，the English a foreigner speaks will inevitably sound strange or even unintelligible though there is not anything wrong with his pronunciation，sentence structure and the words he uses．即使发音、句子结构、措辞毫无错误，一个外国人所讲的英语也难免听起来稀奇古怪甚至难以理解。
The social customs and habits of the English-speaking people contribute a lot to the difficulty a foreigner has in learning it．讲英语民族者的社会风俗习惯增加了外国人学习英语的难度。
Take the Chinese English learners for example．以学英语的中国人为例，" Hello "and "Good morning" may sound a little bit simple to Chinese people．"你好"和"早上好"是非常简单的。
It is totally beyond the understanding of a Chinese English learner that native English speakers would be annoyed when they're addressed "Where are you going?"，which is a commonly used addressing among the Chinese．"你去哪儿?"是中国人常用的问候语，若英语母语者被问及"你去哪儿?"，他们会因此感到不悦，这一点让中国的英语学习者大为不解。
Is there anything wrong with the English sentence structure ? 这个英语句子结构不对吗? Of course not．当然不是。
It takes quite some time for a Chinese English learner to understand the western concept of privacy being violated in this address. 学英语的中国人得费点儿时间才能理解这一问候语侵犯了西方人的隐私。
By the same token，同样，"Have you eaten?"(which is another addressing term the Chinese people usually use)will sound to native English speakers that the Chinese are so hospitable that they invite people to meals off-handedly. 英语母语者听到"你吃了吗?"(中国人常用的另外一个问候语)，会觉得中国人非常好客，会在事先毫无准备的情况下请人吃饭。
Meanwhile，the Chinese would be shocked to hear，"Oh，it's very nice of you．When?"，if the addressee happens to have a craving for Chinese cooking and has not had his dinner yet.如果听话者此刻正希望品尝一下中国美食，又碰巧没有吃饭，他会回答"太好了，什么时候?"，中国人为此也会大吃一惊。
"We can say we are going to have chicken for dinner．Why can't we say pig，bull or sheep for dinner instead of pork，beef or mutton?" Chinese English learners may raise such questions．中国的英语学习者可能会这样问："我们可以说吃鸡，为什么不能说吃猪、吃牛、吃羊，而要说吃猪肉、牛肉、羊肉呢?"Figuring out the reasons for the peculiar English vocabulary is no easy task for Chinese English learners．对学习英语的中国人来说，为这些特殊的英语词汇找出理由并非易事。
But the problem is that memorizing English words mechanically would be devastating and inefficient if they did not know what had happened in British history．问题在于如果不懂英国历史，死记硬背英语单词毫无效率。
Thus learning English(and other languages as well)involves learning the history of the countries where it is spoken．所以说，学英语(其他语言亦如此)还包括学习使用该语言国家的历史知识。
A task of this kind is more difficult for Chinese English learners than for people who speaka western language other than English because Chinese has nothing in common with the alphabetic English and China had little contact with the Western world in modern history．学习英语的中国人要做到这一点比其他非英语国家的西方人要困难得多，因为汉字和英语这种拼音文字毫无共同之处，并且中国和西方世界在近代史上很少接触。
Consequently，所以，the background knowledge of English fascinates large numbers of interested and determined English learners in China but at the same time disheartens quite a few．在中国，英语背景知识既吸引了大量英语爱好者，也使许多人丧失信心。
The Western and Oriental values are found to be in confrontation in learning English．英语学习中，东西方的价值观念是相互冲突的。
Native English speakers may complain about Chinese confusion when using "he" and "she"，for the two words sound the same，though，different in written forms in Chinese．英语母语的人会混淆汉语中"他""她"的用法，因为这两个字尽管字形不同，读音却相同，他们因此常常抱怨。