2012考研真题英语阅读text1解析
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Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing（强制）, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure（同伴的压力）. It usually
leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual（随意的）sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina
Rosenberg contends （[(+against/for/with)]1. 争夺,竞争2. 全力对付;搏斗;奋斗3. 争论,辩论）that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure（社会治疗）,
in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve
their lives and possibly the world.
Rosenberg, the recipient（接受者;受领者;接受器,容器[(+of)]）of a Pulitzer Prize（普利策奖）, offers a host（许多，主人）of 【a host of:表许多（+名词单数）】example of the social
cure in action（在行动）: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored（赞助的，发起的） antismoking（禁止吸烟）
program called Rage（愤怒【fly into a rage：勃然大怒】）Against the Haze （n.&v.阴霾，疑惑；使朦胧，使糊涂）sets out to make cigarettes uncool（粗野的，没把握的，不冷静沉着的，土里土气的）. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention（[pri'venʃən]） initiative（主动权，首创精神） known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.
The idea seems promising（有希望的，有前途的），and Rosenberg is a perceptive（感知的，有知觉力的）observer. Her critique（[krɪ'tik]
批评，评论，评论文章） of the lameness（残废，跛【lame：跛足的，无说服力的】） of many public-health campaigns is spot-on（显而易见的？？）: they fail to mobilize（['məubilaiz] 1. 动员;调动2. 使流通;使松动）peer
pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of
psychology.“Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads （[plid] 1. 【律】为(案件)辩护;作为答辩提出2.
以...为理由,以...为口实[+that]3. 【律】(不用被动式)承认）one billboard（广告牌） campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing
more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a
page（学习，模仿） from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.
But on the general effectiveness（一般的有效性） of the social cure, Rosenberg is less
persuasive. Join the Club
is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of
the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring（1. 耀眼的;闪耀的2. 瞪视的;炯炯的）flaw（【the most glaring flaw:最明显的缺点】）of the social cure as
it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed
once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is
limited and mixed.
There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior【exert…on：运用…在…上】. An emerging((用作定语)新兴的) body(【新兴体】) of research shows that
positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social
communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we
see every day.
Far less certain（不确定的）, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats（['bjurə,kræt] 官僚，官僚主义者）
can select our peer groups and steer （1.
掌(船)舵,驾驶[O]2.
指导;带领;操纵[O]3. 沿着...前进,遵循）their activities in virtuous（['vɝtʃuəs] 1. 有道德的;善良的;正直的2. 贞洁的）directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up（崩溃;分离;解散;结业）the troublemakers in the back row（在后排） by pairing （(演出、比赛等的)双人,双档;配档）them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic（战术;策略;手法） never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we
insist on choosing our own friends.
