概要写作技巧 (1)

的关键词过于丰富，“学习、探索、创造”都纳入其中，造 成重心不突出。根据当年的评卷标准，没有紧扣“大学的门 与路”而写的作文，都做偏题处理，分数上降一个等级。
审题没有审好，再好的写作水平也无用武之地。审题、 文体、思想深度、语言是高考作文的评分标准，审题是否 偏差，是作文评分的起始点。所以，一定要做好审题工作， 为我们的作文开一个好头。
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate ( 相称的 ) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.

上海高考英语各类体裁概要写作技巧上海高考英语概要写作技巧Rubrics for summary writing (2021-9-14)评分标准:1. 此题总分为15分, 其中内容10分, 语言5分。

〔这局部还有待最终确认，可能是5+5〕2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。

3. 词数超过60，酌情扣分。

各档次给分要求:内容局部A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。

B. 能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。

C. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏局部主要信息。

D. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。

E. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。

F. 完全未作答或作答与此题无关。

语言局部A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。

B. 能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。

C. 根本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。

D. 根本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。

E. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。

F. 完全未作答或作答与此题无关。

把握文体特点记叙文：what who when where why how议论文：opinion/ idea+ argument (supporting ideas / reasons)说明文：phenomenon/ problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant) 新闻：a focus on the first paragraph, and the first or last sentence of the other paragraphs样题解读Dirt Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there isnothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards ofcleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground. 〔299W〕解析：Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skinand let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.One possible version：People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点 1 ) For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点 3) However/ Nevertheless, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. (要点 4)观点表达型议论文:1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主题句，亮明了总的观点：However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 换句话说：Different people have different attitudes towards dirt. 再结合下文谈到的主题可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on the skin. 范文中的要点1“People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. 〞概括非常精炼。

Two Possible Versions:
(1)Some people think that children’s learning mistakes should be corrected by themselves. Children learn by comparing their behavior, including their speech, with more skilled people. But in school teachers always point out and correct their students’ mistakes, making the students dependent on them. So children should learn by correcting their own mistakes and helping each other instead of having their mistakes corrected by their teachers.

The story is about an unforgettable lesson of the writer from an old man while fishing, through which the writer realized patience was very important and that it was the secret of success.
How to Write a Summary?
1. Reread, label and underline. 2. Write one or two sentence summaries. 3. Read the passage carefully. 4. Write a thesis-a one-sentence summary of the entire passage. 5. Write the first draft of your summary. 6. Check your summary against the original passage. 7. Revise your summary.

材料写作要点一、帽二、正文1）第一部分一般结合政策理论，加强部门政策理论学习和业务学习。

2）第二部分结合部门工作，对各项工作业务做出安排。

三、工作要点的写作技巧一）正文帽和指导思想的写法相似。

一般由大政方针、地方工作重点和工作原则、需要达到的工作目标组成。

前一部分写国家、政府的大政方针，后面结合部门工作发展重点，要达到的目标进行概括。

二）正文第一部分紧扣社会发展重点。

正文的第一部分，要与XXXX相结合，明确加强政策理论学习，以及业务学习。

前一部分如果说是高举，这一部分可看做紧跟，紧密联系大局，服务大局。

这部分写作要求多关注时事，了解当前国家大政方针和社会发展重点，可参照上级文件，予以借用。

三）其余部分紧扣部门工作业务。

每一项具体业务都是正文的一部分。

这部分写作技巧：1.参照上一级业务部门的文件。

可根据上一级关于业务的指导精神，及业务发展要求，结合本部门工作实际进行写作。

有的行业指导比较紧密的单位，可参照上级工作要点拟定本部门工作要点。

2.参照上一年度工作要点。

一般上一年度工作要点，对本部门工作业务有个全面安排，有的工作目标不是短时间完成的，可在上一阶段的基础上继续开展部署工作。

3.积累工作资料。

平时工作中多留意，积累工作资料，对下一步工作开展重点和方向进行预判，并收集相关资料，如果可行，列入下一年度工作要点。

4.请示领导。

一般重要部门，有专门负责这一业务的单位和领导，会对下一年度工作提出要求，列出要点提纲，只需按照提纲展开，征求相应单位的意见即可。

如果部门不重视，可提前拟出要点草稿，逐一征求相关主管领导意见，进行增补删改。

不管写任何材料，除非有保密要求，都要向领导汇报，否则，责任重大。

5.征求业务部门意见。

提前征求业务部门关于下一年度要点或工作安排意见，在此基础上进行修改完善，一般业务部门拟定的数据不可随意变动，汇集整理成文后，有的重要数据可画出着重符，由领导定夺。

四、结尾。