概要写作写作指导

英语概要写作的技巧
1、整体把握全文
为了更好的进行全文的一个概括以及更好的对全文的主旨有一定的把握，我们首先要做的一步就是要在整体上对文章有一个把握，从而可以更好的抽取有用的信息。

2、分出文章的主次、详略
为了更好地找到文章的主次、详略之处，最重要的一点就是要学会阅读。

因此，在英语教学的过程中，英语老师要加强学生在阅读能力方面的培养，使其可以更好的分清文章主次详略要点。

3、整理大意，开始写作
在进行了文章整体主旨把握，并对文章的主次详略要点进行了一定程度的分析后，在整理好文章的大致大意之后，就可以开始动笔写作了，这是最后也同样是最关键的一步。

因为，在最终成文的过程中，要特别注意对英语正确性的应用。

1。

高三英语概要写作专项指导2017年,上海新高考政策推行后,写作部分增加了概要写作( Summary Writing) 这一题型。

概要写作是一种“阅读+写作”的复合型任务,因此对考生的阅读理解能力、概括归纳能力和书面表达能力等都提出了很高的要求。

一、概要写作考核目标：概要写作第一考核考生通过快速阅读获取信息的能力;第二考核对所获信息进行整理、加工与概括能力以及策略; 第三对成品的质量要求,即结构完整合理、语言表达规范。

二、概要写作一般步骤：1.Read the whole passage quickly, identify the writing style and outline the passage.遵循整体阅读原则,快速浏览全文,把握篇章特征,以了解文本主旨大意。

2.Reread the passage, catch the key words which can reflect the main idea or core information.逐段回读原文,提取能反映文本大意或核心信息的关键词；与此同时,兼顾考虑文本体裁,提高提取关键词的准确性；奠定概要写作基础。

anize the key information with your own words and polish the draft.整合从原文获取的关键信息,运用自己的语言形成概要写作文本并修订。

三、概要写作常见问题：在概要写作过程中考生常见的问题是：1.无法辨别哪些句子是作者观点,哪些句子是支撑细节；2.不知如何用自己的语言表述；3.不知如何精简语言；4.难以控制字数；5.时间不够等。

概要写作重在用自己的语言概括别人的思想、观点或叙述,字数必须控制在60 字以内,因此学考生遇到的最大问题是如何运用自己的语言言简意赅地表述文章主要内容。

四、概要写作一般策略（一）、把握篇章类型,锁定文章主旨概要写作是一种对原文“浓缩”后产生的新语篇,是一个相对复杂的信息转换过程,既要做到意义完整、结构严密、语句通顺,又要在语篇结构和连贯性上与原文保持一致,这需要考生具有良好的语篇意识,善于把握不同体裁语篇的文本特征和行文风格,这样写出来的概要才能做到忠于原文、浓缩精华。

概要写作题型分析及方法指导Part1：概要写作评分标准及解读 (2)（1）总结 (3)（2）评分原则 (4)Part2：概要写作十大写作技巧 (4)Part3：概要写作样题深度解析 (7)一、高考真题与样卷特点 (7)二、写作步骤 (7)三、高考样题解析 (9)Part4：概要写作分类突破 (12)一、说明文的概要写作 (12)二、记叙文的概要写作 (17)Part5：概要写作词句积累 (18)一、开篇常用句式 (18)二、各种文体的写作特点和框架 (20)概要写作是新高考启用的新题型，给出一篇300字左右的文章(体裁多为说明文、记叙文，练习时偶见其它文体)，要求缩写成一篇不超过60字的小短文，缩写的内容覆盖原文的要点。

概要写作是对原文的高度浓缩，是阅读者在不改变原文的中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下用简洁、精炼的语言表述一篇文章的主要内容、基本观点或事实。

它主要包括阅读和写作两个过程。

◆选材特点（1）所需阅读的短文词数在350以内；（2）所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。

◆评分参考(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况;(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性;(3)上下文的连贯性;(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。

注意：理解准确，涵盖全部要求，完全使用自己的语言，准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，得分相应比较高。

相反，如果概要写作部分出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象，得分档次将会大大降低；所写内容与所提供内容无关不得分。

◆考查能力概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意，也可称之为摘要。

写概要时，读者要是把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。

这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。

高考英语概要写作方法技巧概要写作以语篇为载体，要求考生对所提供的文本进行简要的概括。

提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。

所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。

写作方法Step 1：确定体裁，明确主题Step 2：明确文章结构（总-分，总-分-总，分-总，并列）Step 3：划主题句与关键信息Step 4：写纲要，打草稿Step 5：润色成文1.找准体裁，提炼要点①保留关键句要点，按体裁和内容②删除细节（删除具体例子，或归纳总结例子的过程、作用和结果），避免重复按体裁如下：记叙文，主要信息应包括：When? Where? Who? What? Why? How(时间先后顺序/事情发展顺序)? Result议论文，作者的观点。

作者如何论证自己的观点的 (举例证明的，归纳总结例证的内容和作用)结构①：原文【总-分/总-分-总（末段与首段观点相同）】→【总-分】结构②：原文【总-分-总（末段与首段观点相反）】→【总-分-总（加衔接词表转折关系）】结构③：原文【并列结构（段与段的观点并列、递进或相反）→【并列结构（加衔接词表并列/转折逻辑关系）】说明文，【解释一个理论】那么这个理论的特点和实际用途是什么？【解释一项实验等】实验的目的、对象、结果分别是什么？2.语言：同义词&词组替换；句式简化；句子重构①同义转换：近义词、同义词和词组的替换，尽量用单词替换短语（例: improve=promote, of great importance = greatly important）②句式转换：简化句子结构（例如，定语从句改成分词作后置定语；状语从句改成非谓语作状语；）③句子重构：调整词类（名词、动词、形容词转换）、时态、语态（主动变被动）等3.衔接（替换；省略；增加）：表逻辑关系的连接词①替换：并列关系and, moreover, furthermore, in addition,转折关系 but, instead, however, on the other hand②省略：并列观点有时可省略连接词;记叙文可省略衔接词。

高考英语概要写作如何写好
Step 1 通读全文，理解文本大意
概要写作是一种“阅读+写作”的复合性任务，是有效并真实测试考
生语言综合运用能力的项目。

第一遍通读全文，理解文本大意，可以帮助
考生从宏观上把握文本的行文逻辑、篇章结构和主旨，为写作奠定基础。

Step 2 细读文本，理清信息主次
Step 3 梳理整合，灵活表达要点
要点全面是评分的重要方面，在概要写作时只有把每段的大意都包括
在内才能确保要点的全面。

但是，要点全面不是把每段的段落大意简单地
相加，而是需要我们对要表达的内容进行梳理，在梳理的基础上进行整合。

为了避免使用原文句子，考生需要灵活采用同义词或近义词进行替换，用
不同的句式进行转换。

此外，为了用自己的语言写出准确连贯的概要，还
需要对相关要点进行灵活调整，并用丰富的语言、灵活的句式进行表达。

Step 4 检查修改，确定写作终稿
概要写作要求结构完整合理、语言表达规范。

学生对要点进行梳理整
合后，按顺序组合在一起就成了初稿。

按照概要写作的评分标准，在文章
完成之后还需要对其进行适当检查修改，这样才能成为终稿。

除了检查要
点是否齐全、观点是否与原文一致、各要点的衔接与过渡是否自然、词数
是否符合要求这些重要的点以外，考生还需要注意书写规范、字迹工整、
卷面整洁。

备考对策
首先，要明确写作步骤。

建议写作步骤如下：
1.把握原文文体特征，理清文章结构。

不同的文体有不同的篇章结构和行文逻辑，了解各类文体的写作特点和框架有助于概要写作。

新高中英语概要写作答题技巧概要写作要求读懂所给的阅读材料，用自己的语言高度概括文章的主要内容和观点，有三个步骤：1阅读a.把握文章体裁。

概要写作的前提是要理解原文。

首先，通读原文，把握文章体裁、中心思想和整体结构，根据文章的体裁特点来决定内容的取舍，可以从以下方面的内容(见下表)入手。

▲不同体裁文章的要点b.画出主题句或关键词，主题句一般出现在段首或段尾。

在找到主题句后，要分析主题句的意义，进一步确定衬托主题句的一些关键词（组）如动词、名词等。

c.整合概括大意。

根据阅读时获取的信息、主题句或关键词(组)等，对相关的内容进行整合，理清各层次、要点之间的关系，用自己的语言把词(组)扩展成句，归纳出各段落的大意，也就是表达的要点。

2写作概要写作不是对原文的简单复述，而是在透彻理解原文的基础上，对原文进行高度的概括。

注意以下几点：a.准确。

准确理解原文包括对原文中每个要点及与之相关的“一些重要论据，句子的理解等。

概要写作必须绝对忠实于原文，既不能遗漏任何要点，也不能随意添加内容。

概要写作的时态顺应与原文的时态，顺序一致。

由于概要写作是转述别人的事情或观点，所以，不管原文使用何种人称概要写作一般都要用第三人称。

b.客观。

在进行概要写作时，要依据原文作者的观点，客观地转述文中的要点，不要把自己个人的观点和看法掺杂进去，不要使用“I think”和“I believe”等主观性的词句。

由于概要写作不允许照抄原文中的句子，因此，可采用句型转换、同义词转化、语态互换等手法将原文中的句子进行改头换面，达到“雁过不留痕”的效果。

如可用单个词汇替换具有相同语法功能的单词和词组：用determine 代替“make up ones mind”;用therefore和to等表示逻辑意义的连接词代替较长的词组“as a result”和“in order to”等。

c.简洁。

由于概要写作的词数有限，所以，可以采取削“枝”去“叶”的方法来减少词数。

高考英语概要写作之说明文一、写作指导说明文的概要写作一般有三种参考模板：（1）描写某事物的性质功能。

即“对象+性质功能+利弊”：（in the passage ） the writer introduces…to us,especially its….,from which we know…（2）针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。

即“问题+解决方法”：The passage tells us…..So the author tells us how to ..,including……(3) 介绍某现象及其原因、结果。

即“现象+原因+结果”：The author talks about…..It is caused by….Asa result(consequently),….在概要写作前，我们要通读短文，确定其内容是属于那种类型，然后选择确当的模板。

注意：不要关注一些次要的细节却遗漏重要的要点，尽量少使用原文语句，多用自己的概括性的语言；3到5个句子即可。

二、写作训练1. In schools and at home,most of US have been scolded(责备) or even got punished fordaydreaming. The majority of people say that by daydreaming we waste our time and energy on something unproductive. But many medical studies have shown something different. They’ve stressed the fact that daydreaming works wonders on our imagination,creativity and situation-handling techniques. In fact,many problems can be easily solved if we daydream. The topmost benefit of daydreaming is that your mood gets the right improvement. By separating yourself from the world around you,you tend to enjoy the loneliness in your mind and get peace from daydreaming as you think about something that calms your senses. When you start imagining things,you will forget all the stress and tension(紧张) .Instead,you will get happiness from it and this happiness will turn into a source of energy that helps you work in a good mood. Many psycologists have said that people who daydream tend to have a sharper memory. It’s true. When you’re daydreaming,you’ll tend to get carried away to imagine various situations,either real or unreal. You tend to act differently in different situations,trying to satisfy your mind by doing what you want in your dreams. When your mind gets satisfied,you’re in a better position to concentrate more on your work. Since daydreaming activates (激活） the nerves of your brain,you tend to have higher attentiveness and your ability to remember things will develop.When you daydream,you automatically imagine yourself as your heart says and therefore,you get to know yourself better. You also start realizing the mistakes you’ve made in life and trying your best to avoid repeating them. Such imagination techniques help you to connect yourself with your soul._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. The poaching，or illegal(非法) killing，of rhinos(犀牛) in South Africa is growing worse each year．The government recently reported that a record number of rhinos were poached in 2014，a year which had more rhino killings in South Africa than ever before．The World Wildlife Fund，or WWF，says about 20，000 rhinos live in South Africa．That is more than 80 percent of the rhinos in the world．Edna Molewa，South Africa’s environmental issues minister，says，“During 2014，we are sad to say this：1，215 rhinos were killed．This is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1004 in 2013 and indeed very worrying．”The animals are hunted for their horns(犀牛角)．Many people in Asia believe the horn has curing power，which drives poachers，at all costs，mad for more horns．But there is no scientific evidence for this belief．The horn is made of keratin．That is the same thing as human hair， fingernails and toenails．Ms．Mo1ewa said 386 suspected poachers were arrested last year，an increase from the year before．But rhino protection workers say poachers often go unpunished after arrest．South Africa’s legal system is ineffective．Ms．Molewa said more needs to be done and South Africa is taking strong measures to protect rhinos．The efforts include moving some of the animals to secret places in neighboring countries．“Now approximately 100 rhinos have been moved to neighboring states in the SADC region during 2014 and 200 more rhinos will be moved this year”Molewa said．Jo Shaw，the rhino program manager at the WWF，said，“we’re talking about a loss of a hundred rhinos a month．Or more than three a day．We really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally．”She says officials should find the criminal groups responsible for the poaching and punish them．__________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __3.Parents should think twice before rewarding their children's good behaviour with sweets, according to a leading nutritionist.Professor Susan Jebb, of Oxford University, says family attitudes should change as part of a wider strategy on tackling obesity（肥胖） - and there should be an alternative to the 'easyoption' of handing out sweets to youngsters.Speaking to the Sunday Express, Prof Jebb said: 'Unless you instill(灌输) good eating habits from a young age, it is likely children will grow up to become overweight adults.But it is very difficult to persuade parents who see their children, who are a healthy weight, of the risks ahead.'Unlike with smoking, where the benefits of giving up are obvious with evidence showing that every single cigarette shortens your life, the same cannot be said for every single biscuit you eat.'She also welcomed last week's comments by David Cameron that Britain's obesity 'crisis' should be treated as seriously as smoking and that a tax on sugary drinks could be back on the agenda（议程）. The Prime Minister hinted at an extraordinary U-turn amid growing public support for a 20 per cent levy.He said: 'I don't really want to put new taxes on anything but we do have to recognise that we face something of an obesity crisis'.Mr Cameron said the costs of diabetes, heart disease and cancer treatment for the overweight costs the NHS huge sums.He added: 'We do need to have a fully-worked-up programme to deal with this problem and address these issues in Britain and we will be making announcements later in the year'.Experts have also warned that obesity - fuelled by large amounts of sugar - is escalating at such a rate that it will cause almost 700,000 additional cases of cancer within the next20 years, experts have warned.They say that being overweight is already 'the new norm' and predictthat four in ten adults will be obese by 2035.Estimates also show that by this time obesity-related illnesses, including diabetes and heart disease, will cost the NHS more than £7.5 billion a year.________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________4.The expression, “everybody’s doing it,”is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure(同伴压力). It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct (天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives. It is the sameinstinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine”when a stranger asks “how are you?”even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.” However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades.Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves. Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1. Many people regard daydreaming as a waste of time and energy. However,that is not the case.ManymedicalStudies have found that daydreaming has a lot of benefits. First of all, daydreaming can improve your mood.What’s more, it helps develop your memory. Last but not least,daydreaming helps you to know yourself better.2. The poaching of rhinos is getting worse in South Africa each year, according to the governmentand WWF.Many rhinos are killed for their horns ehich is believed to have curing power. Althouh more poachers arearrested, they hardly get punished.So the members of WWF are calling on more meassures which should taken by the government and the whole world to protect rhinos.,including effective legal system,rhinos living place and even international cooperation.3. Professor Susan Jebb, of Oxford University,urges parents to seek healthier alternative to handingkid’s obesity rather than adopt easy methods. Addtionnally, David Cameron said obesity crisis was as serious as smoking. So families are required to introduce good eating habits to help avoid obesity issues.Add parents are told to stop giving their children sweets as rewards for good behavior in latest bid to tackle Britain obesity crisis.4. Peer pressure refers to strong feeling that you must do things the way other people of yourage do. Peopleexpect te approval from others, which helps society function efficiently.Peer pressure has positive influencelike bringing good grades, but it also has negative influence like lack of moral sence. To avoid the influenceof negative peer pressure, kids should be encouraged to be themselves and decline to do wrong thing.One possible version:The word“selfie”was first used by an Australian man in2002.(要点1)Today,more and more people are crazy about taking selfies,including some famous people.(要点2)But the popularity of selfie has brought about some safety problems.(要点3)As a result,some governments show great concern about visitors’safety.(要点4)Walt Disney World also don’t allow visitors to use selfie-sticks in its theme parks.(要点5)欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考！致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。

英语高考写作指导-- 四步精准“提炼”第一步读懂原文，明确篇章结构写概要之前，一定要先通读原文，确定文章的体裁和主题。

根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。

一个自然段不一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。

议论文的概要写作(A summary of an argumentation) Argument1/supporting detail 1Argument 2/supporting detail 2Conclusion说明文的概要写作( A summary of a phenomenon/an exposition) T he topic—whatThe reason—whyThe effects—howThe solution/conclusion第二步去次留精，提炼关键信息(1)明确全文的篇章结构后，就要处理原文的内容，目的是保留主要内容，删除次要内容。

(2)先找出主题句，同时标注与主题相关的关键词，最后归纳的要点往往是这些词句的同义转述。

(3)原文描述性的语言、细节性的信息，如列举数字和列举的事例等，无须在概要中一一列出。

例如：Don't forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend toconsume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while you're at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.(加黑部分为与主题相关的部分)本段落主要内容为通过吃饭慢减少对热量的摄入，因此要将用餐时间延长至至少三十分钟。