用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.__________(watch) TV too much makes you uncomfortable.
2.___________(read) these words loudly, class.
3.___________(protect) the environment we depend on makes our world more beautiful.
4.___________(not give) up when you face any difficulties.
5.___________(use) time or words carefully because you can’t get them back.
6.___________(read) loudly plays an important role in learning English.
7.___________(study) hard every day or you will fall behind the other soon.
8.___________(climb) mountains on such a clear day is a good way to relax.
9.___________(go) to bed early and _________(get) up early is a good habit that you should develop.
10.___________(take) all his things to the building, Tom hired a taxi.
11.____________(practise) playing the piano and you will improve your skills.
12.____________(keep) in touch with friends at any time and in any place.
13._____________(tell) Lucy to take part in the activity.
14._____________(spend) 5 hours going online every day is bad for your healthy.
15._____________(eat) an apple a day has been my habit for many years.
16.______________(communicate) with others on the Internet has plenty of advantages.
17.Although_____(read) manga can be very interesting , we need to remember that __(read)other kinds of things is
necessary.
18.___________(eat) an apple a day.
19.__________(think) of life as a game in which you are playing with five balls in the air.
20.__________(spend) less time going online every day, please.
答案：
1.Watching
2. Read
3. Protecting
4. Don’t give
5. Use
6. Reading
7. Study
8. Climbing
9. Going , getting 10. To take 11. Practise 12. Keep 13. Tell 14. Spending 15.Eating 16. Communicating 17. reading , reading 18. Eat 19. Think 20. Spend
你听过英文语法有动词(verb)、名词(noun)；但你听过有动名词(gerund)吗？ 1. The girl is singing a song. 2. The girl singing now is my sister. 3. Singing is one of her hobbies(爱好). 三个句子中都有singing。第一个句子的singing是常见的现在进行式(Present Continuous)，是说眼下正在做什么；第二个句子的singing是现在分词(Present Participle)，它把sing这个动词转为形容词，但仍有动词的成份（哈哈，这么一说，要把你搞晕了吧:-) 。关于分词，以后有空再谈OK？）。好戏在后头，你看看第三个句子的singing到底是什么东东呀？原来就是我们的主角动名词(Gerund)了！憧矗瑂ing原本是个动词，可是现在它加上ing后，看来竟像是一个名词了。 一、名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund) Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如the)或不定冠词(Indefinite article，如a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。举例如下： 1. The mellow(愉快地) singing of the birds announces the coming of spring. (singing前加定冠词the及形容词mellow；coming 前加the) 2. We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling(沙沙声) in the bushes. (rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词faint) 从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词的喔，如：saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being,saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔，方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。 二、动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund) 看看下面的句子： Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher. 上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有受词(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。 注意：Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ...)喔。 动名词的功能与用法 一、在句子中用作主语(Subject)或主语的补语(Subject Complement): 1.1 作主语 1. Listening to music gives me pleasure. (主语Listening ） 2. Running is good exercise. （主语running) 3. Walking to school is a good idea. (主语walking) 1.2 作主语的补语 1. My cat's favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping) 2. Seeing is believing. (主语seeing, 补语believing) 1.3 主语置于句尾 1.3.1 用It + be + ... +v-ing 句型 1. It is fun speaking English. 2. It is of great importance fighting against pollution(污染).
动名词做主语和宾语 The -ing form as the Subject and Object I 自主学习 Lead-in 语法导入 动词的-ing 形式可分为动名词和现在分词两类。作为动名词，它有名词的基本性质，因此动名词可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语，宾语补足语和定语。本单元学习动名词做主语和宾语。 1.动名词做主语（动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。此时，谓语动词用单数形式） 动名词做主语有三种形式： ①动名词在句首直接做主语 ②It 在句首做形式主语，而动名词短语在后面做真正的逻辑上的主语 ③% ④There be + no + 动名词 1）形式一动名词在句首直接做主语。 (sing) is his hobby.唱歌是他的爱好。 (play) computer games is a wate of time.玩电子游戏是浪费时间。 (drive) fast is dangerous.驾驶超速很危险。 【归纳总结】动名词做主语，谓语动词用单数 It 在句首做形式主语，而动名词在后面做真正的逻辑上的主语。 It is no use _______(wait ) here．在这儿等是没用 it is worth/worthwhile_______(see) the movie. 用下划线画出下面句子的形式主语和真正的主语 " ①It was a waste of time reading that book. ②It is dangerous standing in the middle of the street. Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her 3）There be + no + 动名词。 There was no knowing what he could do. There is no (joke) about such matters.. 动名词做宾语的六种情形： 作及物动词宾语 it 作形式宾语，代替动名词作 作动词词组的宾语 / 介词的宾语
动名词（Gerund） 动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词+ ing 构成，否定形式为not doing， 兼有动词的特征和名词的功能。 二、动名词相当于名词，在句中主要作主语、宾语、表语和定语 1、作主语 动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如： Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到杭州要16 个小时。 Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。 注意：动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用"It is …" 和"There is …"两种句式来表示。例如： It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office.我从办公室回家要花十分钟。 It needs time to make three copies of it.把它复制三份需要时间。 It's nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。 It's no use arguing with him. 跟他争论没用。 It is no good learning without practice.学而不实践是没好处的。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no denying that she is very efficient. 她效率高是不容否认的。 2 、作定语动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍，一般只限于单个的动名词作定语，表示“用于……的”或表示“处于某件事情中的……”含义。例如：swimming pool 游泳池 walking stick 手杖opening speech 开幕词waiting room 候车室reading material 阅读材料floating needle 浮针listening aid 助听器working people 劳动人民 3 、作表语动名词作表语的时候，特别要注意：不要与正在进行时混淆。动名词作表语，表达的是“某件事”等。例如： His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. （动名词）他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。 Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent.（动名词）读书当然是学习，然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。
动名词做主语、宾语精讲精练 一、动名词做主语的用法 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如：Painting is his hobby．绘画是他的爱好。 Talking mends no holes．空谈无济于事。 动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用it作形式主语。如： It is no use talking without doing．光说不做没有用。 不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如： It's so hot．What I want to do now is to have a swim in a river．天这么热，现在我想做的事是在河里游泳。 【考例】 —What do you think made Mary so upset？ — __________ her new bicycle．（1997上海高考题） A．As she lost B．Lost C．Losing D．Because of losing 该题正确选项为C，losing her new bicycle是句子的主语，谓语made her so upset被省略，losing．．．在此表示具体的动作。 二、动名词作宾语的用法 1．有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。如admit，appreciate，avoid，can't stand（不能忍受），consider，delay，devote．．．to，dislike enjoy，escape，excuse，feel like，finish，forgive，get down to，give up，imagine，insist on，keep（on），look forward to，mention，mind，miss（错过），pay attention to，practice，put off，stick to，suggest等等。 【考例】 I can't imagine __________ that with them．（MET 1986） A．do B．to do C．being done D．doing 该题正确选项为D 2．在allow，advise，forbid，permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allo w／advise／forbid／permit ＋名词／代词＋不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式如：We don't allow smoking here． We don't allow anybody to smoke here． 3．动词need，require，want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。如： The window needs／requires／wants cleaning／to be cleaned． 4．在begin，continue，love，like，hate，prefer，intend，start后用动名词和用不定式作宾语均可，意义没有多大区别。 5．动词forget，go on ，mean ，regret， remember，stop，try，be used to，can't help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须注意。forget，regret，remember后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。 go on后跟动名词表示“继续做原来做的事”；后跟不定式表示“接着做另一件事”。 mean后跟动名词表示“意味着要做某事”；后跟不定式表示“想要做某事”。 stop后跟动名词表示“停止做某事”；后跟不定式表示“停下来（别的事）开始做某事”。
用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.__________(watch) TV too much makes you uncomfortable. 2.___________(read) these words loudly, class. 3.___________(protect) the environment we depend on makes our world more beautiful. 4.___________(not give) up when you face any difficulties. 5.___________(use) time or words carefully because you can’t get them back. 6.___________(read) loudly plays an important role in learning English. 7.___________(study) hard every day or you will fall behind the other soon. 8.___________(climb) mountains on such a clear day is a good way to relax. 9.___________(go) to bed early and _________(get) up early is a good habit that you should develop. 10.___________(take) all his things to the building, Tom hired a taxi. 11.____________(practise) playing the piano and you will improve your skills. 12.____________(keep) in touch with friends at any time and in any place. 13._____________(tell) Lucy to take part in the activity. 14._____________(spend) 5 hours going online every day is bad for your healthy. 15._____________(eat) an apple a day has been my habit for many years. 16.______________(communicate) with others on the Internet has plenty of advantages. 17.Although_____(read) manga can be very interesting , we need to remember that __(read)other kinds of things is necessary. 18.___________(eat) an apple a day. 19.__________(think) of life as a game in which you are playing with five balls in the air. 20.__________(spend) less time going online every day, please. 答案： 1.Watching 2. Read 3. Protecting 4. Don’t give 5. Use 6. Reading 7. Study 8. Climbing 9. Going , getting 10. To take 11. Practise 12. Keep 13. Tell 14. Spending 15.Eating 16. Communicating 17. reading , reading
动名词的用法 . 动名词做主语的用法 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作 , 在口语中也可以表示具体的动 作。如: Seeing is believing. Helping her is my duty. Talking mends no holes. 空谈无济于事。 动名词做主语和不定式做主语一样，也可以用 it 作形式主语。如 : It's rather tiring walking around in a city. 不定式做主语往往表示具体的特别是将来的动作。如 It's no use crying over spilt milk. He realized that to go on like this was wrong. （ . 动名词作宾语的用法 escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine. insist on, keep （on ）, look forward to, mention, mind, miss （ 错过）, pay attention to, practice, put off, stick to, suggest 等。 Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操对你的健康有好处。 Her shoes wants mending. Working with you is a pleasure. 和你一起工作是一种乐趣。 覆水难收。 指具体动作 ) 1( 有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。如 admit, appreciate, avoid can't stand （ 不能忍受 ）, consider ，delay, devote …to, dislike enjo y ，
非谓语动词练习1. 动名词和不定式做主语及非谓语动词做表语 1. __________ a language requires time and effort. A. Learn B. Learning C. To learn D. Being learned 2. It is not always easy __________ invitations. A. to refuse B. refusing C. to be refused D. being refused 3. __________ now seems impossible. A. Saving money B. To save money C. Being saved money D. To be saved money 4. To answer correctly is more important than __________ A. a quick finish B. to finish quickly C. finishing quickly D. you finish quickly 5. How __________ the problem will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting. A. to solve B. to be solved C. being solved D. solving 6. It was polite _________ the child to give up his seat to the elderly woman. A. for B. of C. to D. with 7. Is it necessary __________ the book immediately? A. for him to return B. that he returns C. his returning D. of him to return 8. It __________ forty-five minutes __________ there by bus. A. cost, to get B. takes, getting C. takes, to get D. takes, to get to 9. It is no good __________. Y ou should give_________. A. to smoke, it up B. smoking, it up C. smoking, up it D. to smoke, up it 10. It is no __________ debating with Tom, because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C. time D. while 11. Do you consider it any good __________ again? A. to try B. try C. trying D. for you to try 12. I don’t think it’s much good __________ to him. A. writing B. to write C. to be written D. being written
动名词做主语和宾语的用法及练习(2014-05-23 16:24:50) 1．动名词（动名词具有动词和名词的特征，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语） 动名词 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系 一般式 Doing Being done 与谓语动作同时发生 完成式 Having doing Having been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前 作主语 1. 谓语用单数。 Climbing mountains is really fun. Swimming is my favorite sport. Reading is an art. Getting up early is a good habit. 例：1.-What do you think made Mary so upset？ -___ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B．Lost C．Losing D．Because of losing 2. 使用形式主语it，而将动名词放在句尾。 It’s no use doing …
It’s no good doing… It’s a waste of time doing … 例：It’s no good______ (wait) here. It’s no use ______(argue) with her. It’s no good _______(smoke), you’d better give it up. It’s a waste of time _______(wait) here. No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 作宾语 I enjoy listening to music. He often practices playing the piano in the evening. He has given up smoking. Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 他不喜欢喝酒。 他充分利用时间练习唱歌。 我提议坐我的车去。 你介意我开窗吗？ (1) 只能接动名词作宾语的动词： admit，
必修4 Unit 2 Working the land 编制：李小艳审定：高一英语备课 Period 5动名词做主语和宾语 每日赠言：He who does not rise early never does a good day’s work. 学习目标：Students are able to understand the usage of doing as subject and object. 预习案： 1) The parents suggested ____ in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept 2)How I regret ___ so much time in the net bar! I should have studied harder. A. to waste B. wasting C. wasted D. being wasted 3) We should often practise ___ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 4)Keep on ____ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. Trying 5)His parents insist on ___ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go 探究案： 动词的 -ing 形式可分为动名词和现在分词两类。作为动名词，它有名词的基本性质，因此动名词可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语，宾语补足语和定语。本单元学习动名词做主语和宾语。 1.动名词做主语（动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。此时，谓语动词用单数形式） 动名词做主语有三种形式： ①动名词在句首直接做主语② It 在句首做形式主语，而动名词短语在后面做真正的逻辑上的主语③There be + no + 动名词 1）形式一动名词在句首直接做主语。例如： Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language. (collect)stamps is his hobby. Wishing for things,however, costs nothing. 2）It 在句首做形式主语，而动名词在后面做真正的逻辑上的主语。例如 Going to bed early and getting up early is considered to be a good habit. It is considered to be a good habit going to bed early and getting up early. 用下划线画出下面句子的形式主语和真正的主语 ①It was a waste of time reading that book. ②It is dangerous standing in the middle of the street. ③Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her?
动名词的用法 动名词是非谓语动词的一种，它由动词原形加-ing 构成，形式上与现在分词相同。动名词除具有动词的性质外，还具有名词的性质。动名词在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语等，但不能用作谓语（故称动名词为非谓语动词）。如： Her job is looking after the baby. 她的工作是照顾 婴儿。 She’s gone out to do some shopping. 她出去买东西了。 一、动名词的句法功能 1．用作主语 Finding work is difficult these days. 现在找工作可不容易。 注意：动名词作主语经常采用it 作形式主语的句型。 2．用作表语 Her favorite sport is skating. 她最喜爱的运动是滑冰。 注意：不定式和动名词均可用作主语和表语，区别是：动名词多指笼统的、抽象的概念，而不定式则多指具体的、一次性的动作。 3．用作宾语 介词后出现动词时，通常要用动名词形式，不能用动词原形，通常也不用不定式。 He left without saying good-bye. 他没有告别就离 开了。 4．用作定语 He bought a new washing machine. 他买了一台新洗衣机。 Betty won the first prize in the singing competition. 贝蒂获得了歌咏比赛的一等奖。 二、与动词搭配的doing 用法有多少？ 英语中，某些动词（或形容词）后只能与ing 形式即动名词连用。 1. keep doing sth 一直作某事 e.g. Keep driving until you see the cinema, then turn left. 开着车一直向前，看见电影院就向左拐。 2. keep on doing sth 一直作某事 e.g. I keep on thinking about the match in the afternoon. 我一直在想着今天下午比赛的事。 3. keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事 e.g. Don ’t keep your mother waiting. 不要让你妈妈久等。 4. be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 e.g. He was busy doing his homework. 他正忙于写家庭作业。 5. spend time / money (in) doing sth 花时间/ 金钱做某事
动名词的用法 1．动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词+ ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1）作主语 动名词是由动词变化而来，所以，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。例如： Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟可能导致癌症。 Coming to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火车到要16个小时。 Swimming develops the muscles. 游泳可以发展肌肉。 动名词作主语时，对于一些比较长的动名词短语，一般采用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句式来表示。例如： It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office. 我从办公室回家要花十分钟。 It needs time to make three copies of it. 把它复制三份需要时间。 It's nice talking with you. 和你谈话很高兴。 It's no use arguing with him.
跟他争论没用。 It is no use sending him over. It’s too late already. 派他去没用，已经太晚了。 It was very difficult getting everything ready in time. 要把一切按时准备好很困难。 It is no use waiting for him any longer. 等他是没有用的。 It is no good learning without practice. 学而不实践是没好处的。 It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light. 用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。 It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again. 很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no harm in doing so. 这样做没有害处。 There is no littering about. 不许乱扔杂物。 2）作定语
动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非谓语动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。 解释：动词的ing形式如果是名词，这个词称动名词。 特征：动词原形+ing构成，具有名词，动词一些特征 一、动名词的作用 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 1、作主语 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣。 Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。 动名词作主语，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如： It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。 It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。 动名词作主语的几种类型 动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。 动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况： 1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如： Swimming is a good sport in summer. 2. 用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 动名词做主语时，不太常用it 作先行主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如： It is no use telling him not to worry. 常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesti ng，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile，等。 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。 3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如： There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。 4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） 5. 动名词的复合结构作主语
名的用法 一 .名做主的用法 名做主往往表示常性、性的作,在口中也可以表示具体的 作。如 : Seeing is believing. Helping her is my duty. Talking mends no holes.空无于事。 Working with you is a pleasure.和你一起工作是一种趣。 名做主和不定式做主一，也可以用it作形式主。如: It's rather tiring walking around in a city. 不定式做主往往表示具体的特是将来的作。如: It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水收。 He realized that to go on like this was wrong. ( 指具体作) 二 . 名作的用法 1( 有些或短后常用名作。如admit, appreciate, avoid ，can't stand(不能忍受), consider，delay, devote?to, dislike enjo y，escape, excuse, feel like, finish, forgive, get down to, give up, imagine. insist on, keep (on), look forward to, mention, mind, miss( ), pay attention to, practice, put off, stick to, suggest 等等。 Doing morning exercises is good for your health. 做早操你的健康有好。 Her shoes wants mending.
动名词做主语练习题 A．The president will attend B．The president to attend C. The president attended D．The president’s attending 2. In some parts of London，missing a bus means _______for another hour． A. waitingB．to waitC．wait D．to be waiting 3. I really appreciate _______to relax with you on this nice island． A．to have had time B．having time C．to have time D．to having time 5．One learns a language by making mistakes and _______them． A．correctB．correctingC．correct D．to correct 6．Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _______some schools for poor children．A．set up B．setting up C．have set up D．having set up 7．Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party． A．having not been invitedB．not having invited C．having not invited D．not having been invited
动名词 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。 解释：动词的ing形式如果是名词，这个词称动名词。 动名词的作用 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。 一、 动名词定义和作用 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。 解释：动词的ing形式如果是名词，这个词称动名词。 一、动名词的作用 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。二、 动名词的逻辑主语 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词（名词所有格）是逻辑上的主语，动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如： Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简这么粗心惹来了不
少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。(=What’s troubling them is that they have not enough food.)在口语中，如果动名词复合结构作宾语，其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格，名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替，但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如：Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗？ The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。 Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了，使她妈妈很着急。 His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。 在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语： a.无命名词 The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。 b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义 Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗？ c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列 Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗？ 三、 动名词作主语、宾语和表语 1、作主语 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。