英语写作常用修辞手法
1.Simile明喻
明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud.
3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻
隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.
例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
3>. I study all day as a bee .He has a heart of stone.
4>. I study all day as a bee .
3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻,换喻
借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.
I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.
2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.
II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.
III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集
VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.
4.Synecdoche提喻
提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.
5.Personification 拟人
拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.
例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.
2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.
6.Irony 反语
反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.
例如: 1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning. 2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.
.Allegory讽喻,比方这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.
例如: 1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.
2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.
7.Hyperbole 夸张overstatement understatement
夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..
例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons.
2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
8.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法
婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话. 例如:
1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.
2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.
3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997
9. 移位修饰transferred epithet
将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。
例如：
There was a short, thoughtful silence. 出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉思的寂静。
The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder. 老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。
He closed his busy life at the age of sixty. 在六十岁时他结束了他那忙碌的一生。This is the cheapest market in this country. 这是这个国家最便宜的市场了。
10. 头韵alliteration
两个或者更多的词以相同的音韵或者字母开头就构成头韵。
例如：proud as a peacock
blind as a bat
safe and sound
Long and loudly little Lily laughed. 小莉莉长时间地、大声地笑着。
The windows waved violently in the wind. 窗户在风中剧烈地摇动。
The sun sank slowly. 太阳慢慢地下沉。
11.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
这是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.
例如: 1>.No light, but rather darkness visible.
2>.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.
12.Antithesis 对照,对比,对偶
这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.
例如: 1>.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.
2>.You are staying; I am going.
3>.Give me liberty, or give me death.
13. Repetition重复
Repetition 是英语中重要的常用的修辞手法之一。其基本用法是连续或间断重复使用同一单词、短语或者句子。
1. Lear: And my poor fool is hang’d! No, no, no life! Why should a dog, a horse, a rat have life, And thou no breath at all? Thou’ll come no more, Never, never, never,
