下载文档原格式
第8章词汇教学8.1 复习笔记本章要点：1. The role of vocabulary uncertainty词汇的不确定性因素2. About knowing a word学习词汇应该包含的内容3. Understanding of its denotative and connotative meaning; 理解其外延意义和内涵意义4. Understanding the sense relations among words理解词汇间的语义关系5. Receptive and productive vocabulary接受性词汇和产出性词汇6. Ways of presenting vocabulary讲授词汇的方法7. Things a teacher does after presentation教师讲完词汇后应该做什么8. Ways of consolidating vocabulary巩固词汇的方法9. Developing vocabulary learning strategies发展词汇学习策略本章考点：理解词汇和词汇学习；词汇的不确定性因素；学习词汇应该包含的内容；词汇的学习；接受性词汇和产出性词汇；讲授词汇的方法；教师讲完词汇后应该做什么；巩固词汇的方法；词汇学习的策略。
本章内容索引：Ⅰ. Understanding vocabulary and vocabulary learningⅡ. About knowing a word1. Knowing a word2. Vocabulary learningⅢ. Ways of presenting vocabulary1. The methods to present and explain vocabulary2. Things a teacher does after presentationⅣ. Ways of consolidating vocabularyⅤ. Developing vocabulary learning strategies1. Review regularly2. Guess meaning from context3. Organize vocabulary effectively4. Use a dictionary5. Manage strategy useⅥ. ConclusionⅠ. Understanding vocabulary and vocabulary learning （理解词汇和词汇学习）【考点：理解词汇和词汇学习；词汇的不确定性因素】The role of vocabulary seems to have received more consistent understanding.大家对词汇的角色的认识基本上是一致的。
考研英语复习诀窍+所有复习资料下载地址前几月也写过一个帖子，谈了医学考研的复习思路，好像已经石沉大海了。
今天又有学弟学妹问我考研心得，问我有没有什么窍门之类的，我苦想了3分钟，说“没有什么啊”。
现在想一想，研究生英语考了不错的分数，其中一定还是有些值得注意的东西吧，叫做窍门也好，经验也罢，总之拿出来，给大家开阔一下思路吧。
首先是要用多长时间复习英语，这是个问题。
应该说，我从来都没有完全丢开英语。
英语是一门语言，想提高英语成绩必须按照语言自身的规律。
首当其冲的就是培养对英语的兴趣。
有很多人在一开始就把英语视为仇敌，还有很多人从来都把英语丢在一边，到了要考试了才开始突击背单词、做阅读。
这些都是不对的，也不可能英语的高分。
如果你能在过去的1年里，经常看英文书报，杂志，小说，网站，听英文广播，英文歌，看欧美电影，那么你会有良好的语感。
事实证明，良好的语感对阅读和写作有太大的帮助了。
如果你能做到专业书尽量读英文版的，那么你的英语阅读水平一定了得了。
所以说，英语的复习是从平时的点滴积累中开始的。
没有平日的积累很难靠突击来提高多少成绩。
当然，考前的针对性复习的主要意义在于使你适应考试的氛围。
而且，临阵磨枪不快也光啊！其次，需要背多少单词？其实问这个问题就是错误的。
再一次，英语是一门语言。
考研大纲规定了大约5500个单词。
即使你对这5500个单词都很熟悉了，可能你读到考研英语阅读的文章还是会磕磕绊绊，而当你读到外国小说的时候你才会发现原来不认得的单词更多。
那么我们应该怎么看这5500单词呢？首先，这是一个基础。
当你达到这5500的词汇量的时候也意味着你对英语的构词法则有了一定的了解，对词根、词缀有了一定的认识，由此你可以在阅读中通过推测，派生等办法认得更多的单词。
但是单词本身毕竟不是语言，最终还是要回到语言中去。
我们中国人学外语还是主要以书面语言为主，所以，多阅读是唯一的出路。
我发现现在周围的人特别是工作以后，越来越没有阅读的习惯了。
2023年考研英语解析一、考研英语题型分布考研英语满分为100分呢。
一般来说，有完型填空、阅读理解、新题型、翻译和写作这几个大的部分。
完型填空通常是20个空，每题0.5分，一共10分。
这部分主要是考查大家对英语词汇、语法和一些固定搭配的掌握程度。
就像在一个小迷宫里找路，每个空都像是一个小岔路口，要找到最合适的单词填进去。
阅读理解可是个大头，一般有四篇文章，每篇文章后面有5个问题，每题2分，总共40分呢。
这些文章的来源很广泛，可能是来自一些学术杂志、新闻报道之类的。
阅读这些文章就像是探索一个个小世界，要理解作者的意图、把握文章的主旨，还要能根据文章内容回答各种各样的问题。
新题型也有10分，这部分的题型比较多变，可能是排序题，也可能是选小标题之类的。
它更注重考查我们对文章结构和逻辑关系的理解能力，就像是把打乱的拼图重新拼好一样。
翻译部分呢，是把一些英语段落或者句子翻译成汉语，占15分。
这就要求我们不仅要认识单词，还要能准确地把英语的语法结构转化成符合汉语习惯的表达。
写作分为小作文和大作文，小作文10分，大作文15分。
小作文可能是写一封信、通知之类的，大作文通常是根据一个话题写一篇议论文或者记叙文。
写作就像是用英语来画画，要把自己的想法清晰、有条理地表达出来。
二、各题型的难点和应对方法1. 完型填空难点：词汇量要求高，很多选项都是近义词或者易混淆的词。
比如“affect”和“effect”，一个是动词，一个是名词，但是在具体语境中很容易选错。
语法知识要扎实，一些空可能需要根据句子的时态、语态或者从句关系来判断。
应对方法：多背单词，而且要把单词放在具体的语境中去记忆。
可以通过阅读一些简单的英语文章来积累词汇。
复习语法知识，做一些专门的语法练习题，特别是关于从句、时态和虚拟语气这些比较难的部分。
2. 阅读理解难点：文章长，生词多，有时候读着读着就晕头转向了。
而且文章的逻辑关系比较复杂，要理解作者的隐含意思不容易。
2.1多项选择填空◇名词及名词词组1. Often with the approval of political, social, and religious leaders, children were permitted to labor in hazardous _____ such as mining.A. tradesB. professionsC. occupationsD. careers【答案】C【解析】句意：常常是在政治、社会和宗教领导的许可下，儿童在危险的行业，如在采矿业做苦工。
occupation职业，行业。
trade贸易，买卖。
profession（尤指从事脑力劳动或受过专门训练的）职业。
career事业，生涯。
2. The final component in the involvement factor focuses broadly on worker attitudes in _____ to motivation.A. proportionB. relationC. responseD. addition【答案】B【解析】relation关系，in relation to与…有关，涉及。
proportion比例，in proportionto按…的比例。
response反应，in response to对…做出反应。
addition附加，增加，in addition to除…之外还。
3. By contrast, here are the top six dissatisfiers from his study: company policy and administration, supervision, relationship with supervisor, work conditions, relationships with _____, and relationships with subordinates.A. adultsB. peersC. juvenilesD. relatives【答案】B【解析】句意：通过对比，他研究得出的六大不满是：公司政策和经营、监管、与上司的关系、工作条件、与同事的关系，以及与下属的关系。
考研英语阅读常见词汇个释义文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]2016考研英语阅读常见词汇100个释义最近一周是2016考研现场确认周，不知道忙的不亦乐乎的小伙伴们阅读真题做的怎么样啦。
十年真题估计已经是磨得都dog-ear了。
不管怎样，文都教育的老师都要提醒大家：天冷了，不要忘记穿秋裤;更不要忘记记忆真题阅读中的单词。
下面文都的英语老师带大家一起回顾下阅读里常常见面的词汇，尤其要记住他们的“熟词僻义”。
1. above / beyond: 介词，后面接抽象而不是具体名词时表示“无法做到”，例如：“above comprehension”的意思是“无法理解”。
2. have access to something: 这个短语最常用的意思是“to have something that you can use”，就是“能够用到”，当然，要根据它后面接的单词来判断其中文含义，比如“have access to town”表示“有道路通往市区”，“have access to the teacher”则是“有条件向老师请教”，而“have access to the Internet”则表示“有上网条件”。
3. account: 名词，“解释，解说，叙述”。
account for: “解释说明”“占…份额，比重”。
4. agree with: “使人或者身体的某个部分觉得舒适”。
agreeable: “惬意，令人愉快，恰倒好处”。
5.air: 名词有“气氛”的含义，动词则表示“公开表达或发表”。
in the air: 表示“悬而未决，仍在酝酿中”。
6.ambitious: 中性词，“野心”“志向”。
7.arrest one’s attention: “引起某人的注意”。
8.authorities: “政府当局”，“最高机构”，“教育部或者是校方、教师”9.brand–new: “崭新的”。
I will not give you a fish but tell you how to fish…考研英语词汇全攻略主编: 吴耀武海文考研教育研究中心主讲教师简介吴耀武:著名英语教学与测试专家；西安外国语大学语言测试研究中心副主任；全国公共英语等级考试（PETS）考官；先后两次赴香港岭南大学进修和工作；陕西电视台《考试联盟》栏目、西安音乐台《快乐时光》栏目、西安经济广播电台《空中英语角》节目特邀嘉宾。
现已出版考研英语《黑博士系列丛书》（人民日报出版社）、大学英语四六级《考试专家系列丛书》、《全攻略系列丛书》（西工大出版社）和英语专业四八级《TEM-4/考试指南》等系列丛书（世界图书传版社）30余部，近800万字。
于2001年起在全国高校作关于考研英语、雅思（IELTS）、英语专业四八级（TEM-4/8）和大学英语四六级（CET-4/6）巡回讲座，在各大高校均引起巨大轰动，讲座场场爆满。
并受到新浪、搜狐、中国考试网、都市快报、西安零距离、华商报、西安晚报、三秦都市报等多家媒体的关注和专访。
他在英语培训领域提出了自己独特的教学理念——努力改进学习方法、量身定做学习计划；紧紧把握考试脉搏，传授英语应试策略；奠定良好心理基础，培养进取人生态度。
这一理念在课堂上得以贯彻并为广大学员所认可。
现在吴老师每年在北京、上海、西安、武汉、南京、石家庄、沈阳、天津、乌鲁木齐等20多所中心城市主讲考研英语和大学英语四六级课程，经他直接培训的学员已逾10万人，听众更是不计其数。
学员对他的评价是：――― 感情真挚，敬业专注；――― 才思敏捷，经典幽默；――― 传授知识如春风化雨，润物无声；――― 谈应试技巧如数家珍，挥洒自如；――― 他的语言总是富有人生哲理，他的课堂永远充满着欢笑从容；他传播的不仅仅是英语知识，更是一种人生感悟！第一部分考研英语核心词汇记单词时不要采用从A——Z的顺序，而是要灵活搭配，比如A和J， B和O，C和N，D和L等，这样记起来既不觉得累又有成就感。
考研英语核心词汇1800例句版编辑整理：杨政（广州新东方高阶词汇主讲）说明:"核心词汇1800例句版" 是专门为音乐,美术和体育考生准备的.只配了一个最常考的意思,和一个简单例句,减少了他们的复习负担.如果你考研要求在60分左右,那就了解单词的一个意思就够了.否则就要看我编写的"词汇白皮书"教材中单词的多个意思. 因为一词多义是考研的难点,是考研高分必备.前言：考研英语中，以s开头的单词最多，约200个，其次是以a, c,p,t开始的单词，最少的是x,y,z. 建议大家从单词最多的字母s开始，最硬的骨头开始啃，越背越轻松。
其次，记单词时不要采用从A——Z的顺序，而是要灵活搭配，比如A和J，B和O，C和N，D和L等，S和Z等，这样多少搭配，记起来既不觉得累又有成就感。
一定记住Frank的建议：每天早晨或中午看4页（约100个单词），把自己不认识的用三角形标记出来(用单词记忆的四个方法:词根词缀;谐音,音变规律,隐含词根,或语境记忆),每天晚上不管多忙,多晚,多累都要把画三角的单词再复习一遍。
然后过1天,3天、7天、15天、30天各复习一遍，坚持下来，两个月后，你会发现不知不觉中1800个核心词汇已经烂熟于心了。
A-CAabide 遵循（…by）；容忍The one thing she cannot abide is lying.abnormal 反常的abnormal behaviorabolish 彻底废除（法律、制度、习俗等）abolish old customabrupt 突然的，意外的an abrupt departureabsolute 纯粹的，完全的have absolute trust in sb.absorb 吸收，吸进 A sponge absorbs water.abstract 抽象的 A flower is beautiful, but beauty itself is abstract.absurd 荒谬的，荒唐的The idea that number 13 brings bad luck is absurd. abuse 滥用abuse one's authority(office)aaccelerate 加速，增速accelerate one’s stepsaccess 接近（或进入）的机会have regular and immediate access to the President accommodate 使适应，使符合一致accommodate oneself to changed circumstancesaccompany 陪伴，伴随She was accompanied to a dinner by her friend.accomplish 达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划，诺言等）accomplish one's purposeaccord 使符合，相一致(with) His violent action doesn't accord with his peaceful words.account 记述，叙述give a brief account of what has happenedaccumulate 积累，积攒，积聚accumulate wisdomaccurate 准确的，精确的an accurate estimateaccuse 指控，指责They accused her publicly of stealing their books. accustom 使习惯于accustom oneself to rising (to rise) earlyacquaint 使认识，使了解activate 使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动They have planted secret agents in many countries who could be activated whenever needed.acute 尖锐的，敏锐的an acute thinkeradapt （使）适应adapt oneself to new conditionsaddress 演说 a television addressadhere 黏附，附着Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another. adjacent 临近的，毗邻的(to) a city and its adjacent suburbsadjoin 贴近，与...毗邻His house adjoins the lake.administrate 掌管，料理...的事务In many Japanese homes, the funds are administrated by the wife.adolescent （尤指16岁以下的）青少年 a film aimed at adolescentsadvance 使向前移动advance a chessmanadvantage 有利条件，优点Sitting Presidents hold built-in advantages when seeking another term.adverse 不友好的，敌对的She felt adverse to her husband's friends.advocate 拥护，提倡，主张advocate self-defenceaesthetic 美学的，艺术的，审美an aesthetic theoryaffliliate 使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员 a government affiliated company affirm 断言，申明affirm the truth of a statementaggravate 加重，加剧，恶化aggravate the declining economyaggressive 侵犯的，侵略的an aggressive weaponagitate 搅动（液体等）The machine agitated the mixture.alarm 惊恐，忧虑The bandits scattered in alarm.alert 警惕的，留神的In our reading we should always be alert for new usages. alien 外国的adjust to an alien cultureallege 断言，宣称The newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt.allocate 分配，分派，把...拨给allocate funds for new projectsallied 结盟的，有关联的allied nationsallow 允给，准许，允许He missed her more than he would allow himself to admit.allowance 津贴，补贴，零用钱 a housing allowancealter 改变，更改alter an attitudealternate 交替，轮流Night and day alternate.amateur （艺术，科学等的）业余爱好者an amateur golferamaze 使惊愕，使惊异I am amazed that he should get the post.ambiguous 含糊不清的，模棱两可的an ambiguous answerambition （对名利等的）强烈欲望，野心His political ambitions still burn. amend 修改，修订amend the spelling in sb.'s paperamuse 逗乐，逗笑，给...提供娱乐（或消遣）The clown at the circus amused the children.anchor 锚The anchor catches (drags).announce 宣布，声称It is officially announced that he will not run for reelection. annoy 使恼怒，使生气She was annoyed at (with) his lightheard attitude. annual 每年的，年度的the annual output of steelanonymous 匿名的，无名的an anonymous letter (phone call)answer 回答，响应Henry took ages to answer the door.anticipate 预期，预料The directors anticipated a fall in demand (that demand would fall).anxious 焦虑的，发愁的(about, at) They become anxious at her delay.apart 成零碎Such cheap clothes come apart after a few washings.apparent 显然的，明明白白的It was apparent that they all understood.appeal 呼吁，恳求I appealed to the children to make less noise.applaud 鼓掌，喝彩，叫好The audience applauds the performers for three minutes.apply 涂，敷He applied two coats of paint to the table.appoint 任命，委派They appointed his father (to be 或as) postmaster. appraise 估量，估计appraise the infant's weightappreciate 感激I appreciated your help much.apprehend 对...担心Do you apprehend that there will be any difficulty? approach 靠近，接近John is approaching manhood.appropriate 恰当的，相称的Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear. approve 赞成，同意I couldn't approve his conduct.approximate 大概的，大约的，近似的The approximate time is 10 o'clock.apt （习性）易于......的，有......倾向的 A careless person is apt to make mistakes. arbitrary 随心所欲的，个人武断的，任意的an arbitrary choicearise 起立，起身arise from one's seatarouse 使......奋发 A man like Tom will be aroused. Don’t worry.array 排列，队形The troops were formed in battle array.articulate 发音清晰的，善于表达的He is articulate about everything in the field of economics.artificial 人工的，人造的，人为的artificial price controlsascend 登高，（渐渐）上升，升高The airplane ascended into the cloud. ascertain 查明，弄清，确定I ascertained that he was dead.ashamed 惭愧的，羞耻的I am ashamed for being so stupid.ashore 向岸，向陆地He swam ashore.aside 在旁边We stood aside to let her pass.assault 攻击，袭击We made an assault on the enemy fort.assemble 集合，召集assemble the members of Parliament for a special meeting.assert 肯定地说（出），坚定地断言He asserted his innocence.assess 估价，评价，评论assess the present state of the economyassign 分配，布置（作业）The teacher assigned (us) a new lesson. assimilate 吸收，消化He is quick to assimilate new ideas.associate （使）联系，（使）结合We naturally associated the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution.assume 假定，假设Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming (that) the weather si favarable.assure 深信不疑地对......说，向......保证assurance 保证，把握，信心He gave me his assurance that he would help. astonish 使惊讶I was astonished at his sudden appearance.attach 系，贴，连接attach a label to a suitcaseattain 达到，获得attain one’s goalattend 出席，参加（会议等）attend a weddingattendance 出席，参加，出席人数，出席率Our class has perfect attendance today. attentive 注意的，专心的an attentive audienceattribute 把归因于，把......（过错的责任等）归于(to) He attributed his success to hard work.auxiliary 辅助的an auxiliary rocketavail 有利于，有助于Will force alone avail us?average 平均数，平均The paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day. avert 挡开，防止，避免Many traffic accidents can be averted by courtesy. awake 醒，觉醒awake from sleepaward 授予（奖品等）The university awarded him an honorary degree.Bban （以官方明令）禁止，取缔He was banned from entering the city.bang （突发的）sudden loud bangbar 条，块，杆，棒 a bar of goldbare 赤裸的，光秃的，空无内容的walk in bare feetbeforehand 预先，事先If you wanted soup for lunch you should have told me beforehand.behave 举止端正，听话Do behave.bewilder 使迷惑，使糊涂I’m bewildered as to which one to buy.bias 偏见，偏心have a bias against sb.(或sth.)blame 责备，责怪Public opinion blames Mrs Smith for leading the girl astray. blast 一阵（风），一股（气流） a blast of windblaze 火焰The fire sprang into a blaze.blunt 钝的The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive.blush （因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红blush with(或for) joyboast 自吹自擂，自夸的话He is full of boasts.bolt 螺栓，（门，窗的）插销 a small bag of nuts and boltsboom 低沉有回响的声音The great bell tolled with a deep boom.border 边界，边境，边沿 a district on the Kampuchean side of the border withThailandbore 钻孔，挖（通道）bore through a wallbounce 弹起，反弹The ball doesn’t bounce well.bound 跳跃，弹回She bounded to her feet and waved her right hand triumphantly. boycott （联合起来）抑制，拒绝参加boycott uncooperative manufactures brace 托架，支架He braced his muscles and lifted the weight.breed （使）繁殖Rabbits breed families rapidly.bribe 贿赂accept(或take)a bribe from sb.brief 短暂的，简短的，简洁的 a brief holidaybrisk 轻快的，生气勃勃的 a brisk pacebrittle 易碎的，一碰就破的brittle glassbrush 刷子，毛刷 a laundry brushbump 碰，撞(against, into) The truck bumped against the wall in the dark.burst 爆炸，爆裂The boiler burst.Ccalculate 计算，推算calculate the distance between New York and Chicagocall 喊，叫Please call the names of all the people who are present.cancel 取消，废除，删去cancel a tripcapture 俘虏，捕获capture butterfliescase 事例，事实，事情This is a case of poor judgment.cast 投，扔，抛，撒，掷cast doubt(s) on the feasibility of a schemecasual 偶然的，无计划的，随便的，非正式的 a casual meetingcease 停止，终止，结束The music ceased suddenly.certify 证明，证实The accounts were certified (as) correct.challenge 向...挑战Our school challenged the local champion team to a football match.character （事物的）性质，特质The furniture in Tom’s apartment was pretentious and without character.charge 要（价），收（费）The airlines charge half price for students.charm 魅力，魔力This thriving resort town has retained its village charm. chase 追逐，追求The police chased the escaping thief and caught him at last. check 使突然停止，制止check one’s stepscherish 珍爱，珍视cherish one’s native landchew 嚼，咀嚼He chewed a mouthful of meat.choke 窒息，噎住be choked by smokechorus 合唱队chronic （疾病）慢性的，（人）久病的chronic indigestionclarity 澄清，阐明clarify an issuecling 粘着The frightened child clung to her mother.clumsy 笨拙的 a clumsy boycluster （果实，花等的）串，束，簇; (人或物)的群，组 a cluster of tourists clutch 紧抓，紧握clutch at an opportunitycoherent 一致的，协调的lack coherent political goalscoin 硬币，钱币，金属货币 a silver coincoincide 相符，相一致100 Centigrade coincides with 212 Fahrenheit. collaborate （尤指在文艺、科学等方面）合作，协作He and I collaborated in writing plays.collapse 倒坍，崩溃，瓦解The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow. collide 碰撞，互撞The car collided with the truck.come 来，来到Will you come to the dance tonight?commemorate 纪念，庆祝commemorate a holidaycommend 表扬，称赞commend a soldier for braverycompact 紧密的，坚实的 a compact piece of luggagecompare 比较，对照(with, to) compare the body to a finely tuned machine compatible 能和睦相处的，合的来的You should choose a roommate more compatible to your tastes.compile 汇编，编制compile an anthology of poemscomply 遵从，顺从，服从comply with rules(safety regulations)compose 组成，构成England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of Great Britain.compress 压缩He compresses a lifetime as a soldier into a few sentences comprise 包含，包括The shipyard comprises three docks.compromise 妥协，折衷compromise over the hard-fought next.compulsory 必须做的，义务的 a compulsory subjectconceal 隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽He concealed his disappointment from his friends. conceive 构想出，设想conceive an ideaconcentrate 集中，专心concentrate one’s attentioncondemn 谴责We all condemn cruelty to children.condense （使）压缩，（使）凝结，使简洁condense a speech to halfconfer 商谈，商议confer with sb. Over (on, about, concerning) sth.confess 坦白，供认，承认，忏悔confess one’s crimeconfidence 信任break sb.’s confidenceconfine 限制，使局限They succeeded in confining the fire to a small area. confirm 证实，肯定confirm a rumourconflict （尤指长期的）战争，战斗The conflict between Greece and Troy lasted ten years.conform 遵照，适应confirm to(或with) the rules(the law)confront （使）面临，（使）遭遇The war confronted him with hardships. confuse 使混乱，混淆He confused the arrangements by arriving late.connect 连接，连接The bridge connects the island with(或to) the mainland. conscious 意识到的，自觉地They were conscious that he disapproved. consent 同意，赞同，准许The people will never consent to another war. conserve 保护，保藏，保存conserve natural resourcesconsider 考虑，细想Consider carefully before doing anything.consist 组成，构成(of) The house consists of six rooms.consolidate 巩固，加强consolidate one’s positionconspicuous 显眼的，明显的，引人瞩目的He felt as conspicuous as if he hadstood on a stage.constant 经常的，不断的 a constant noiseconstitute 组成，构成constitute a threat to sb.consult 请教，与......商量consult a doctor about one’s illnessconsume 消费,花费: consume much of one’s time in readingcontact 接触,联系,交往: be in contact with sbcontain 包括,容纳, a list containing twelve itemscontaminate弄脏,污染,玷污,毒害: Fumes contaminate the aircontempt轻视,轻蔑:show a contempt for sbcontest竞赛,比赛,竞争:the contest between the two powers for the control of the regioncontract合同,契约:enter into(make)a contact withcontradict反驳,同….相矛盾,同….相抵触:The facts contradict his theorycontrary相反的,对抗的:take the contrary viewcontrast对照,对比,(对比之下显出的)差异:the contrast between the two forms of governmentcontribute捐(款等),捐献:He contributed 5dollars to the charity every payday contrive设计,想出:contrive a new methodcontroversy(尤之以文字形式进行的争论),辨证:a point of controversyconvention(正式)会议,(定期)大会:draft a new constitution at a conventionconvert转变,转化:convert coal to (into) pipeline gasconvey运送,输送,传送:a wire conveys an electric currentconvict(经审讯)证明…有罪,宣判…有罪:He was convicted of smuggling coordinate调节,协调:coordinate the functions of government agenciescordial热情友好的,热诚的,真心的:a cordial hello(smile, invitation)correspond相符合相称(to,with):Fulfillment seldom corresponds to anticipation correspondent通信者,通讯员,记者:a good(bad)correspondentcorresponding符合的,一致的:corresponding fingerprintscorrode(渐渐)损害,(一点一点地)损伤:Bribery corrodes the confidence that must exist between buyer and sellercorrupt堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:lead a corrupt lifecount数,计算: count the moneycourse课程,科目:an English coursecourtesy 谦恭有礼。
