短文改错口诀附答案

短文改错口诀： 动词形,名词数,注意是形还是副;非谓动词细辨别,习惯用法要记住;句子成分多分析,逻辑错误须关注。 一． 动词形 主要包括两类错误：动词的时态和语态错误，以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如： My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. is Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. are 上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念，注意短文内容发生或存在的时间，保持时间概念的一致性。 二． 名词数 指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如： …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. subjects 三． 区分形和副 及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。 这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如： I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. wonderful Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. Unfortunately 需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、 形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。 四． 非谓动词细辨别 这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误，也包括不定式类错误。例如： …in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. interested Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … playing My parents love me… and will do all they can ∧ make sure… to 上述二、三例分别是动名词作主语，和不定式作目的状语。一般的，现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义，而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义，不定式有将来时态的含义。 五． 习惯用法要记住 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种： 多词、少词和搭配错误。 例如： It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and… of We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. of 六． 句子成分多分析 不同的句子成分要用不同的词类；不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析，才能找出用词不当的错误。例如： They ∧eager to know everything about China and… were I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. which 第一例漏掉了谓语动词were，这是受寒于习惯的影响而导致的错误；第二例则是词类与它在句子中的成分不相符，where是副词，不能作主语。 七． 逻辑错误须关注 与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如： The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. their First, let me tell you something more about myself. 去掉more … no way of setting the matter except by selling the set.Now someone at home reads instead. everyone 上述第一例中的主语是Smiths（史密斯夫妇俩），因此后面的his不合逻辑。第二例中的more 在这儿表“再”的意思，才开始告诉别人，怎么能说“再告诉你一些事”？第三例讲的是为了解决看电视时的争端，“我们”把电视机卖了；晚上没电视看了，所以与从前一样，大家又都读书了，所以该用everyone。 除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如： She was smiling but nodding at me. and It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. or We may be one family and live under a same roof. the 下面是全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做，然后参阅题后的答案与简析。 Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows, it’s famous 76. _____ Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather 77. _____ Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78. _____ the mountain, the three of them were very excited. As we 79. _____ climbed the mountain, we ed monkeys, visiting temples 80. _____ and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._____ since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. 82. _____ Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83. _____ of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was 84. _____ good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85. _____ head touched the pillow. 答案与简析： 76. famous前加上a。 （名词数）。 77. 正确 78. we前面加when，引导一个时间状语从句。（句子成分多分析） 79. them→us （逻辑错误须关注） 80. visiting→visited（非谓动词细辨别） 81. picture→pictures（名词数） 82. passes→passed（动词形） 83. 去掉down（习惯用法要记住） 84. and→but（but, and, or和so） 85. 去掉at（句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住）。 短文改错解题思路和检查原则 1）句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词； 2）谓语动词的时态、语态； 3）非谓语动词的用法； 4）名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确； 5）定冠词和不定冠词是否正确； 6）代词的格和性的使用是否有误； 7）定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误； 8）并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。 例题分析 Tom and Dick are next door neighbor who work 1.________ in the same office so they walked together to and from 2.________ office. Some day as they were walking home together it 3.________ sudden started to rain. Tom quickly opened his umbrella 4.________ and said, "My wife surely has foresight (预见) . She said 5.________ on this morning it would rain and told me to carry my 6.________ umbrella with me." Dick smiled and walked to him, said, 7.________ "My wife has even great foresight. She told me not to 8.________ carry an umbrella and as she knew you would certainly 9.________ have with you." 10.________ 1. 首先 通读全文，掌握大意 此文讲述的是邻居Tom 和Dick 的故事。 2. 整句分析，逐行推敲