2012 年职称英语理工—阅读理解及完形填空

2012年职称英语考试理工C阅读理解Graphenes Superstrength1Big technology comes in tiny packages. New cell phones and personal computers get smaller every year，which means these electronics require even smaller components on the inside. Engineers are looking for creative ways to build these components，and theyve turned their eyes to graphene，a superthin2 material，made of carbon，that could change the future of electronics.This years Nobel Prize for Physics3 has been awarded to Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselovfrom the University of Manchester4，UK. for the discovery of graphene. Graphene isnt just small, itsthe thinnest possible material in this world，says Novoselov. He calls it awonder material. Its so thin that you would need to stack about 25,000 sheets just to make a pile as thick as a piece of ordinary white paper. If you were to hold a sheet of graphene in your fingers5，youd have no idea because you wouldnt be able to see it.Carbon is one of the most abundant elements in the universe. Every known kind of lifecontains carbon. Graphene is a sheet of carbon，but only one atom thick. You dont have to look far to find grapheme its all around you.If you want this high-tech wonderstuff6，all you need is a pencil，paper and a little adhesivetape. Use the pencil to shade a small area on the paper, and then apply a small piece of adhesive。

2012年职称英语教材(理工类)完形填空新增内容2012年职称英语教材（理工类）完形填空新增内容第三篇： Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different typesof 1 ：yuan in China，pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom，dollars in the United States，Australia and New Zealand．They may use 2 currencies，but these countries，and probably all countries，still have onething in common：Germs on the banknotes．Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over 100 years．At the turn of the20th 3 ，some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could sprea disease．Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 country．In a new study，Frank Vriesekoop and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 ．Vriesekoop is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia．He led the study，which compared the germ populations found on money 6 from 10 nations．The scientistsstudied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets,street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash. Overall，the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria—no more than 10 persquare centimeter．Chinese yuan had the most——about 100 per square centimeter．Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm．What we call “paper money” usually isn’t made from paper．The U．S．dollar，for example，In print on fabric that is mostly 8 Different countries may use different 9 to print their money．Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 ，such as the American dollar，were made from cotton．Others were made from polymers．The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers．They included the Australian dollar，the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos．The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money—and whether or not we need to be concerned．Vriesekoop is now starting a study thatwill 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive ondifferent types of bills．Whatever Vriesekoop finds，the fact remains：Paper money harbors germs．We should wash our 1 5 after touching it after all, you never know where your money’s been．Or what’s living on it．第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort FoodFights LonelinessMashed potatoes，macaroni and cheese，may be bad for your arteries． 1 according to a studyin Psychological Science，they’re good for your heart and 2 ．The study focuses on“comfort food”and how it makes people feel．“For me 3 ，food has always played a big role in my family，”says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at theUniversity of Buffalo，and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has 4 non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5 TV show，building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the sameeffect 6 making peoplethink of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment，in order to make 7 feel lonely，the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment．Then，some people in each 8 wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food． 9 ，the researchershad participants 10 questions about their levels of loneliness．Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally 11 in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．“We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．”says Troisi．“Thinking about or consumi ng these foods later then serves as a reminder of those closeothers．”In 12 essays on comfort food，many people wrote about the 13 of eating food with family and friends． In another experiment， 14 chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships，but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment，along with many other questions,so they wouldn’t remember it．Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stress，often associated with our 15 with others，“Troisi says．”Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．练习：1．A but B if C though D while2．A personality B movement C emotions D will 3．A privately B usefully C awfully D personally 4．A looked for B looked at C lookedafter D looked up5．A favorite B trustful C boring D annoying6．A with B on C by D at7．A professors B participants Cassistants D scientists8．A group B class C section D part9．A Previously B Formally C Initially D Finally 10．A remember B explain C rewrite D complete 11．A sad B secure C shy D angry12．A your B our C his D their13．A accident B harm C experience D model 14．A eating B exchanging C buying D keepingl 5．A expressions B estimation C cooperationD connections第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks forUnprepared CitiesA new examlnation of urban policies hasbeen 1 recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate changeand 2 development．She warns that many of theworld’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work aso concludes that most cities are failing to 3 emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 ．These gasesare known to affect the atmosphere．“Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world，”says Romero Lankao．“But too few cities are developing effectivestrategies to 5 their residents."Cities are 6 sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change．Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable，and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 ．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populatlons at greater risk for natural disasters．Potential 8 associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather．Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weathe can heat 9 paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may 10 basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especiallyvnlnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandardhousing 11 access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments， 12 ，should take measures to protect their residents.“Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 13 meaningfulresponses， Romero Lankao writes．“They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs．They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 use. ln fact，manylocal governments are taking ahands—off approach．”Thus，she urges themto change tneir 15 policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.1．A carry along B carried away C carried out D carried back2．A economic B industrial C rural D urban3．A reduce B increase C study D measure4．A crops B gases C fruits D Plant55．A educate B evaluate C protect D identify6．A doubtful B possible C repeatable D major7．A uses B chances C cures D benefits8．A threats B interests C functions D differences 9．A locally B heavily C suddenly D mildlyl0．A provide B improve C lack D update11．A without B with C in D on12．A moreover B therefore C however D though 13．A other than B more than C less than D rather than14．A train B automobile C bus D bike15．A idle B smart C busy D secure第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food CouldNeutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs freeof 1 so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food，researchers at Imperial College London 2 in a newstudy．Statins reduce the 3 ofunhealthy“LDL”cholesterol in the blood．A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack 4 ．In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5 to offset the increase in heart attack risk from 6 a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake． Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study，said：“Statins don’t cut out a11 of the 7 effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your 8 of having a heart attack，taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9 as a fast food meal increases it．”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they 10 ，but statins，which are beneficial to heart health, have to beprescribed．It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are l 1 free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per 1 2 一not much different to a sachet of sugar。

2012年职称英语（理工类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板 ............................................................................................................................................................................第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles ..................................................................................................................................................................................................第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict .............................................................................................................................第三篇 Citizen Scientists...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................第四篇Motoring Technology ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................第五篇Late-Night Drinking....................................................................................................................................................................................................................第六篇（新增）Making Light of Sleep .............................................................................................................................................................................................第七篇Sugar Power for Cell Phones......................................................................................................................................................................................................第八篇Eiffel Is an Eyeful........................................................................................................................................................................................................................第九篇Egypt Felled by Famine...............................................................................................................................................................................................................第十篇Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers .........................................................................................................................................................................第十一篇 The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself .........................................................................................................................................................................第十二篇 Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass ...........................................................................................................................................................................................第十三篇Invisibility Ring.............................................................................................................................................................................................................第十四篇 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers.....................................................................................................................................................................第十五篇Winged Robot Learns to Fly..........................................................................................................................................................................................第十六篇Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth ............................................................................................................................................................................第十七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet .............................................................................................................................................................................................第十八篇Thirst for Oil .................................................................................................................................................................................................................第十九篇（新增） Graphene's Superstrength ...............................................................................................................................................................................第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep .......................................................................................................................................................................................第二十一篇Plant Gas .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................第二十二篇Snowflakes .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................第二十三篇Powering a City? It's a Breeze. ........................................................................................................................................................................................第二十四篇 Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe ........................................................................................................................................................第二十五篇Eat to Live........................................................................................................................................................................................................................第二十六篇Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently ......................................................................................................................................................第二十七篇Driven to Distraction .......................................................................................................................................................................................................第二十八篇Sleep Lets Brain File Memories .......................................................................................................................................................................................第二十九篇Food Fright......................................................................................................................................................................................................................第三十篇Digital Realm................................................................................................................................................................................................................*第三十一篇Hurricane Katrina .........................................................................................................................................................................................................*第三十二篇 Mind-reading Machine.....................................................................................................................................................................................................*第三十三篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste (B级)........................................................................................................*第三十四篇 Batteries Built by Viruses ..................................................................................................................................................................................................*第三十五篇Putting Plants to work....................................................................................................................................................................................................*第三十六篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning .........................................................................................................................................................*第三十七篇"Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning........................................................................................................................................................................*第三十八篇（新增） Longer Lives for Wild Elephants（理B） .........................................................................................................................................................*第三十九篇Clone Farm....................................................................................................................................................................................................................*第四十篇（新增）Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety..........................................................................................................................................................................+第四十一篇Too Little for Global Warming.......................................................................................................................................................................................+第四十二篇Renewable Energy Sources............................................................................................................................................................................................+第四十三篇Forecasting Methods .....................................................................................................................................................................................................+第四十四篇Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed .................................................................................................................................................+第四十五篇（新增） Small But Wise..................................................................................................................................................................................................+第四十六篇（新增）Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers".....................................................................................................................+第四十七篇 Listening to Birdsong ......................................................................................................................................................................................................+第四十八篇"Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common ..........................................................................................................................................................+第四十九篇 U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars ...........................................................................................................................................................................+第五十篇 Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities ..............................................................................................................................................................2012年职称英语（理工类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict文章名称问题答案World CrudeOil Production May Peak aDecade Earlier Than Some Predict 2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict （理C）1）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "sparked"appearing in paragraph 2?2）The term "a bell shaped curve" appearing in paragraph 2indicates that global oil production will3）Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?4）What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in thelast paragraph?5）Who develop the new version of the Hubbert mode!?2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict （理C）1）stimulated2）start to decline after global oil production peaks.3）It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production.4）It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014..5）Kuwaiti scientists.世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值2．世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值（理C）①下列__________和第二段中的点燃的意思最接近。

写在最前面的关于30分题+15分1. +表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章，考哪一级就看哪一级的内容，别的级别的题目完全不用看。

2. 每个级别新增阅读理解2篇完型填空2篇（今年以前完形填空只新增一篇），考试的时候，这两篇阅读理解必考一篇，文章完全一样，但是问题及答案不一定完全一样，所以仅仅记住答案是不可靠的，一定要结合后面的翻译把这篇文章看懂。

那么这里5道题目15分必定能拿到。

然后完型填空，先说今年以前，只新增一篇完型填空，这篇完型填空必考，只是留空的位置不会完全一样，大约有40%左右的留空位置是一样，所以光背答案是没得用的，一定要把文章看熟。

当然今年由于每个级别新增了2篇完型填空，那么考试的时候肯定也是2选1考一篇。

这里15道题15分也很容易能拿到。

3. 词汇有15道题，替换同义词，找本字典翻翻，这15分也不难，至少12分能拿到吧。

其他的题能拿多少分就看各位的英语底子了。

做最坏的打算，剩下的题目还有55分，按瞎蒙25%的概率能拿到13.75分，加上前面的45分大约也有58分左右，所以要完全靠瞎蒙的朋友考试前多扶扶老奶奶过马路，多积累点人品吧。

4. 以上只是投机取巧的方法，各位有时间的话还是花点时间复习下，但是考前一定要把新增的题目掌握好，就算英语底子好的朋友也起码可以节约不少考试时间。

5. 本人职称英语A\B\C级都是这样考过的，每年的规律都是一样的。

从客观角度说，每年的职称英语考试书都不便宜，新增的内容也不多，如果新增的东西里面没有价值，那么那本书还有谁买？那本书可是考试中心出的，亲！最后，祝大家考试顺利！2012年职称英语理工类新增文章阅读理解（6篇）……………………3页第六篇 Making Light of1 Sleep第十九篇 Graphene's Superstrength1*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四＋五篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"完形填空（6篇）……………………20页第三篇 Germs on Banknotes第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness *第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk+第十三篇 Solar Power without Solar Cells+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读理解，请参见第3页；完形填空，请参见第20页；3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。

"Liquefaction" Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction"2 that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows."We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said ScottAshford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to function . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse .But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8."With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable."The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to col lect the information quickly, before damage was removed in the recovery efforts9."There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar events ," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to prevent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.Germs on banknotesPeople in different countries use different types of money yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use different currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th century , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency within one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different countries .Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money gathered from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, because those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we call "paper" money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly cotton .Different countries may use different materials to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his team such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.The three currencies with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.The other currencies were printed on fabric made mostly of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that germs have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will compare the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our hands after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money 's been. Or what's living on it.Solar Power without Solar CellsA dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan1 researchers could lead to solar power without traditionalsemiconductor-based solar cells.The researchers found a way to make an "optical battery ," said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Physics.Light has electric and magnetic components. Until now, scientists thought the effects of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than perviously expected. under these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect."This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation," Rand said. "In solar cells, the light goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load2. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment3. Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power source."What makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of "optical rectification4," says William Fisher, a doctoral student5 in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification, light's electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling apart of the positive and negative charges6 in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to that in a battery.Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right types of materials, the light's magnetic field can also create optical rectification. The light must be shone through7 a material that does not conduct electricity, such as glass. And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter8. Sunlight isn't this intense on its own, but new materials are being sought that would work at lower intensities, Fisher said."In our most recent paper, we show that incoherent light9 like sunlight is theoretically almost as. effective in producing charge separation as laser light is," Fisher said.This new technique could make solar power cheaper, the researchers say. They predict that with improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficiency in converting solar power to useable energy. That's equivalent to today'scommercial-grade solar cells."To manufacture modern solar cells, you have to do extensive semiconductor processing," Fisher said. "All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it. Glass works for both . It's already made in bulk10, and it doesn't require as much processing. Transparent ceramics might be even better."Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries． but according to a study in Psychological Science, they're good for your heart and emotions ．The study focuses on "comfort food" and how it makes people feel．"For me personally ,food has always played a big role in my family," says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co-author Shira Gabriel．It has looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect by making peoplethink of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food． finally ,the researchers had participants complete questions about their levels of loneliness．Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．"We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us．"says Troisi．"Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．"In their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the experience of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment, eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn't remember it. Throughout everyone's daily lives they experience stress, often associated with our connections with others," Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness．Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared CitiesA new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and urban development．She warns that many of the world's fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases ．These gases are known to affect the atmosphere．"Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world," says Romero Lankao. "But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents."Cities are major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao's findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term benefits ．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat heaily paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing without access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments, therefore ,should take measures to protect their residents."Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric rather than meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, " They don't impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands-off approach." Thus, she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London suggest in a new study．Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy "LDL" cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person's heart attack risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:"Statins don't cut out a11 of the unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries．It's better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we've worked out that in terms of your possobility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increases it." "It's ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they like , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per customer 一not much different to a sachet of sugar." Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they're encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, 1ike wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．。

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 The ability to react to environmental stimuli is a basic and general characteristic of living organisms.A rejectB repeatC return toD respond to2 All living organisms， regardless of their unique identity， have certain biological， chemical， and physical characteristics in common.A as a result ofB consideringC cognizant ofD whatever3 After Emily Dickinson retreated from the world at the age of twenty-six，she wrote more than one thousand poems.A received praise fromB withdrew fromC rebelled againstD traveled around4 Thomas Fuller was so skilled at mathematics that he was known in the eighteenth century as the “Virginia Calculator. ”A fascinated byB articulate aboutC proficient inD suspicious of5 Didn‘t you know that the naughty girl used to skip classes？A attend classes in timeB miss classesC cheat in classesD be unhappy about classes6 Marxism doctrine was spelled out in the Communist Manifesto.A evaluatedB detailedC supportedD mentioned7 The megaphone makes the voice sound louder because it points sound waves in one direction and keeps them from spreading out in all directions.A slitheringB radiatingC interferingD murmuring8 The exploits of the legendary miner， John Henry， have come to symbolize the manual laborer stand against mechanization.A contrast withB interaction withC ignorance ofD defiance of9 In arithmetic， a number stands for the size of a set of things.A measuresB estimatesC cancelsD represents10 Some species of bacteria and fungi thrive on simple compounds such as alcohol.A mix withB do well onC exist inD float on11 Why do you want to throw away those books？A imitateB discussC extractD discard12 The Pullman Strike of 1894 tied up transportation and was finally ended only by government intervention.A relied uponB hinderedC linked withD imitated13 Although a herd of African elephants may have up to one thousand members，Asiatic elephants live in bands of five to sixty animals.A as many asB more thanC fewer thanD at least14 Prohibition in the United States ushered in an era of crime and corruption.A introducedB causedC usedD upset15 The Spanish， French， Dutch， and English all vied for North American territory.A arrived onB competed forC disposed ofD sailed for第二部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

+12 Dreams（新增）Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those who claim that they never dream at all actually dream just as frequently as the rest of us, though they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectly aware of dreaming night after night very seldom remember those dreams in great detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions. Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our senses , so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．One of the world's oldest known written documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you can see that dreams were believed to have a special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that you should never ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return in time if the sleeper were suddenly awoken .From ancient times to the present day ,people have been making attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream as there are books．+14 A Health Profile （新增）A Health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your health．To draw your health profile，you will need to know what diseases run in your family，what health hazards you may be exposed to at work,ow your daily diet compares to the recommended standards，how nluch time per week you spend exercising and what type of exercise you engage in ,how stressful your work and family environments are，what kinds of illnesses you get regularly,and whether or not you have any one of a number of addictions. To complete this portrait,you should have a checkup to determine how your blood，heart，and lungs are functioning.This checkup will serve as a baseline,to which you can then compare later tests．Once this profile is thoroughly drawn，you can begin to think about setting health priorities based on your particular portrait．For example，if you drink two martinis every evening,have a high-stress job ,are overweight，smoke a pack of cigarettes a day,and use marijuana occasionally on weekends，you should quit smoking first，followed by losing the excess weight，reducing the stress of your job，giving up your marihuana habit，and then finally giveing some thought to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer，and then heart disease．Even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life,who is in excellent health．a good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will benefit him in the future．+15 Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years （新增）A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74. Women to about 80, and these ages are rising all the time. What has brought about these changes? When we look at the life span of people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatest killers of the time. In the early 20th century, these were the acute and often highly infectious diseases such as smallpox. Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In the developed world these diseases are far lessdeadly today, and in some cases have almost disappeared. A number of factors shave led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, which make bacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinations against common diseases. In addition, people's general health has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 but while people do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age. The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and those spread by viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l. Of course, cancer is a huge killer as well. In most cases these diseases affect older people, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesity leadingto more heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as "lifestyle diseases"，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.第三十四篇谁想永生？如果你的医生能给你一种药，这个药能让你健康的活两倍长的时间，你会服用吗？好消息是我们离这一天越来越近了。

写在最前面的关于30分题+15分1. +表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章，考哪一级就看哪一级的内容，别的级别的题目完全不用看。

2. 每个级别新增阅读理解2篇完型填空2篇（今年以前完形填空只新增一篇），考试的时候，这两篇阅读理解必考一篇，文章完全一样，但是问题及答案不一定完全一样，所以仅仅记住答案是不可靠的，一定要结合后面的翻译把这篇文章看懂。

那么这里5道题目15分必定能拿到。

然后完型填空，先说今年以前，只新增一篇完型填空，这篇完型填空必考，只是留空的位置不会完全一样，大约有40%左右的留空位置是一样，所以光背答案是没得用的，一定要把文章看熟。

当然今年由于每个级别新增了2篇完型填空，那么考试的时候肯定也是2选1考一篇。

这里15道题15分也很容易能拿到。

3. 词汇有15道题，替换同义词，找本字典翻翻，这15分也不难，至少12分能拿到吧。

其他的题能拿多少分就看各位的英语底子了。

做最坏的打算，剩下的题目还有55分，按瞎蒙25%的概率能拿到13.75分，加上前面的45分大约也有58分左右，所以要完全靠瞎蒙的朋友考试前多扶扶老奶奶过马路，多积累点人品吧。

4. 以上只是投机取巧的方法，各位有时间的话还是花点时间复习下，但是考前一定要把新增的题目掌握好，就算英语底子好的朋友也起码可以节约不少考试时间。

5. 本人职称英语A\B\C级都是这样考过的，每年的规律都是一样的。

从客观角度说，每年的职称英语考试书都不便宜，新增的内容也不多，如果新增的东西里面没有价值，那么那本书还有谁买？那本书可是考试中心出的，亲！最后，祝大家考试顺利！2012年职称英语理工类新增文章阅读理解（6篇）……………………3页第六篇 Making Light of1 Sleep第十九篇 Graphene's Superstrength1*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四＋五篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"完形填空（6篇）……………………20页第三篇 Germs on Banknotes第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness *第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk +第十三篇 Solar Power without Solar Cells+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读理解，请参见第3页；完形填空，请参见第20页；3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。

阅读与理解第一篇 Telling Tales about People 讲述关于人们的故事One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.1. This passage is mostly about the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies2. Helen Keller wrote an autobiography.3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they want to present themselves in a good light.4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by defining it.5. Diverse means varied or different _.A. able to swim in deep waterB. similar or alikeC. varied or differentD. enjoying poetry第二篇Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 课外学习带来很大不同Putting a bunch of college students in charge of a $300,000 Dance Marathon, fundraiser surely sounds a bit risky. When you consider the fact that the money is supposed to be given to children in need of medical care, you might call the idea crazy.1. An extracurricular activity like raising a fund of $300,000 is risky because most student leaders will not take an interest in it.2. American students join campus organizations mostly for gaining experience.3. Who is Katie Rowley? She's a senior student.4. What do student leaders need to carry an activity through to a successful end? Passion.5. The phrasal verb fatten up in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by polish.第三篇Milosevic's Death 梅洛舍维奇之死Former Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic was found dead last Saturday in his cell at the Hague-based International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The 64-year-old had been on trial there since February 2002.1. Where did Milosevic die? In prison.2. Which of the following is NOT true of the young Milosevic?He was extremely ambitious.3. All of the following persons in one way or another changed his fate EXCEPT his parents.4. Why was Milosevic sent to Kosovo in 1989? To remove the Serbians' fears that they were discriminated against.5. What happened in 1991? Yugoslavia broke up.第四篇Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福Four weeks ago US children dressed as monsters and asked for sweets. That was Halloween. In a few weeks American houses will be red and green and filled with presents, for Christmas.1. On Halloween, children in the United States often dress up as ghosts.2.When are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten？On Thanksgiving .3.Thanksgiving is the time for the American people to thank God for providing them with comfortable and happy lives.4.Many children in the United States like Thanksgiving because they can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food.5. The first pilgrims settled in America in 1620.第五篇Sino-Japan Animosity Lessens 中日敌意减少Chinese and Japanese people view each other slightly more positively than last year, according to a survey released on Wednesday at a press conference in Beijing. 1.Which of the following statements about the survey is true? The survey found that people in both China and Japan generally agree that the relationship between the two countries is important.2.According to the passage, the Beijing-Tokyo Forum aims at promoting communication between the two countries.3.In the last year, 30.2% of ordinary Chinese and 43.2% of Chinese students have a positive impression of Japan.4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the major obstacles to improving bilateral ties? Trade frictions5. The survey found that an overwhelming majority of the respondents from each country believed that the Civil exchanges were an important way to improve relations.第六篇TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 看电视与长途汽车旅行Long bus rides are like television shows. They have a beginning, a middle, and an end — with commercials thrown in every three or four minutes. The commercials are unavoidable. They happen whether you want them or not. Every couple of minutes a billboard glides by outside the bus window.1.According to the passage, what do the passengers usually see when they are on a long bus trip? Advertisements on billboards.2.What is the purpose of this passage? To talk about the similarities between long bus trips and TV shows.3.The writer of this passage would probably favor no billboards along the road.4. The writer feels long bus rides are like TV shows because they both have a beginning , a middle , and an end, with commercials in between.5. The writer thinks that the end of the ride is somewhat like the beginning because both are exciting.第七篇Modern Sun Worshippers 现代日光浴崇拜者People travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines. Others are looking for culture, or simply want to have their pictures taken in front of famous places.1. The writer seems to imply that Europeans travel mostly for the reason that they wish to escape from the cold, dark and rainy days back at home.2. In paragraph 2, cities like London, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam are mentioned to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate.3. According to the passage, which of the following countries attracts more tourists than the others? Spain.4. The latter half of the last sentence in paragraph 3, i.e., "or one tourist for every person living in Spain" means every year almost as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that country.5. According to the passage, which of the following factors might spoil the tourists' fun at Mediterranean resorts and beaches? Rainy weather .第八篇 The Changing Middle Class 变化中的中产阶级The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation. However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges. It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II.1. The information in this passage deals with a social and economic group.2. A common middle class value is that the family is very important.3. ln the years after World War II，the middle class could be defined as prosperous and optimistic.4. The phrase “In other words" in the first paragraph means that the following statement is a restatement of the previous idea.5. The word collectively means as a group.第九篇Single-parent Kids Do Best 单亲幼儿最出色Single mums are better at raising their kids than two parents - at least in the bird world. Mother zebra finches have to work harder and raise fewer chicks on their own, but they also produce more attractive sons who are more likely to……1. With which of the following statements would the author probably agree? Two-parent families produce less attractive children.2. According to the passage, in what way does family conflict affect the quality of the offspring? The young males get less care.3. What is the relationship between paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? Experiment and result.4. According to Hartley, which of the following is NOT influenced by sexual conflict? The offspring's body size.5. According to the passage, people believe that a female's reproductive strategy is influenced by ecological factors.第十篇 A Letter from Alan 艾伦的来信I have learnt of a plan to build three hundred houses on the land called Parson's Place by the football ground. Few people know about this new plan to increase the size of our town.1. Why has Alan written this letter? To inform other people about the builders' plans.2. Why is Parson's Place particularly important，in Alan's opinion? Because it is a place near the town where people can enjoy nature.3. What will cause traffic jams? A building on Parson's Place.4. Alan says that ordinary people who live in the town will probably soon have less money5. Which of these posters has Alan made? SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSON' S PLACE第十一篇 The Development of Ballet 芭蕾舞的发展Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.1. This passage deals mainly with the way ballet developed2. An important influence in early ballet was Louis XIV3. You can conclude from this passage that ballet will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it4. The information in this passage is presented in chronological order5. The word pageants means elaborate shows第十二篇Smuggling 走私It is not unusual for a pet to be sent by air cargo from Columbia to New York, but last December's shipment of a 4-year-old sheep dog caught a New York Kennedy Airport Customs inspector's eye .1. The dog was different from others in that it had a very big abdomen.2. How many methods are used to transport drugs? As many as a smuggler can think of.3. How many pounds of heroin were estimated to be smuggled into the United States in 1994? 25,770.4. Which of the following could best replace the expression "small fry" in the third paragraph? Small smugglers.5. What is this article about? Varied drug transportation methods.第十三篇The Barbie Dolls 芭比娃娃In the mid 1940's, the young ambitious duo Ruth and Elliot Handler, owned a company that made wooden pictures frames.1. When Ruth and Elliot Handler were young, they had a strong desire to be highly successful.2. Who owned MATTEL? Harold Mattson, Ruth and Elliot Handler.3. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that Lilli was fashioned after Build.4. Where did Ruth Handler's inspiration for the design of the Barbie doll come from? Lilli.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Barbie doll? She does not attract young men.第十四篇Sleep 睡眠We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7—8 hours' sleep alternating with some 16—17 hours' wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.1. The question raise d in Paragraph 1 is “no mere academic one" because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits.2. According to the passage, the main problem about night work is that your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back.3. According to the passage, the best solution to the problem seems to be to employ people who will always work at night.4. In the second paragraph, "the third" means the third week.5. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, "another" means another routine.第十五篇Orbital Space Plane 轨道航天飞机While scientists are searching the cause of the Columbia disaster, NASA is moving ahead with plans to develop a new craft that would1 replace shuttles on space station missions by 2012 and respond quickly to space station emergencies.1. The orbital space craft has been designed for carrying astronauts to the International Space Station.2. From the passage we know that the design of the orbiter indicates NASA's determination to continue its space exploration projects.3. When did the scientists start working on a successor to the shuttle? Years before the explosion of Columbia.4. Besides the main missions stipulated by NASA, the orbiter would also be used asa space ambulance.5. According to the passage, the funds, if granted, would be equally shared by the two projects under Space Launch Initiative.第十六篇 The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠The name Sahara derives from the Arabic word for "desert" or "steppe". At 3. 5 million square miles，an area roughly the size of the United States，the Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world.1. This passage is mostly about life in the Sahara.2. Rainfall in most of the Sahara is less than five inches per year3. The Sahara can be described as a place of contrasts4. The phrase "an area roughly the size of the United States" gives an indication of the size of the Sahara5. In this passage caravan means group traveling together through difficult*第十九篇 The Family 家庭The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The family's form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences.1. Another good title for this passage would be What Makes a Family?2. A nuclear family is defined as a married couple with their minor children3. The information in this passage would most likely be found in an anthropology textbook4. The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through pointing out similarities5. The word mobility means readiness to move*第二十篇 Tales of the Terrible Past 讲述可怕的过去It is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner，storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously.1. This passage is mostly about two novels that deal with slavery2. Beloved is set in Ohio after the Civil War3. The writer seems to feel that the books are worthwhile but challenging4. The writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their portrayal of violence5. The word appalling means terrible第二十一篇Spacing in Animals 动物的空间距离Flight DistanceAny observant person has noticed that a wild animal will allow a man or other potential enemy to approach only up to a given distance be fore it flees. “Flight distance" is the terms used for this interspecies spacing.1. Which of the following is the most appropriate definition of Flight Distance？Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing.2. If an animal's critical distance is penetrated, it will begin to attack.3. According to the passage, social distance refers to psychological distance.4. Which of the following could best replace the word "band" in "We can think of it as a hidden band that contains the group" (in Paragraph 3)? strip of land.5. The example of the children holding hands when crossing the street in the last paragraph shows that social distance is sometimes determined by outside factors.第二十二篇Some Things We Know about Language 我们知道的关于语言的一切事情Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know.1. In the second paragraph the author thinks that any human race, whether backward or not, has a language.2. According to the author, people of undeveloped cultures can have complicated languages.3. The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are just as sophisticated as some well-known languages.4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? Some languages are better than other languages.5. According to the author, language changes are most likely to occur in vocabulary第二十三篇The Only Way Is Up 只好向上Think of a modern city and the first image that come to mind is the skyline. It is full of great buildings, pointing like fingers to heaven. It is true that some cities don't permit buildings to go above a certain height.1. “…these are cities concerned with the past" in the first paragraph refer to cities that want to maintain their traditional image.2. The difficulty in constructing tall buildings in the 19th century lies in the lack of a device to carry people upward.3. When Otis came up with the idea of a lift, most people had doubt about its safety.4. Which of the following best describes the experience of going in a lift now? Uninteresting.5. Psychologists find the lift a good place where they can study human behaviour because in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.第二十四篇Clone Farm 克隆农场Factory farming could soon enter a new era of mass production. Companies in the US are developing the technology needed to "clone" chickens on a massive scale.1.Which statement is the best description of the new era of factory farming according to the first paragraph? Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.2.Which institution has offered $4.7 million to fund the research? The US's National Institute of Science and Technology.3.In the third paragraph, by saying“Producers would like the same meat quantity but to use reduced inputs to get there”，Mike Fitzgerald means that he wishes chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed.4.Which of the following statements about Origen and Embrex is correct according to the fifth paragraph?Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.5.The technology of freezing stem cells from different strains of chicken can do all thefollowing EXCEPT that farmers can order certain strains of chicken only.第二十五篇Income 收入Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production —namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid.1. This passage is mainly about the difference between national income and personal income.2. Which of the following statements is true according to the first paragraph? The money that goes for capital consumption is not regarded as income.3. It can be easily seen from this passage that the government levies tax on corporation profits.4. According to this passage, the money you get as interest from government bonds is the money not earned but received.5. The passage implies that people pay taxes somewhat unwillingly.*第二十六篇Seeing the World Centuries Ago 看许久以前的世界If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor，it will not surprise you to lean that travel writing hasa long and venerable history.1. This passage is mostly about where three early travel writers went and wrote about2. Ibn Battutah traveled throughout the Muslim word3. The books bf the three writers were popular because they told of strange and exotic locales4. The overall organization of this passage is through chronological order第二十八篇The National Park Service 国家公园的服务机构America's national parks are like old friends. You may not see them for years at a time, but just knowing they're out there makes you feel better . Hearing the names of these famous old friends—Yosemite, Yellowstone, Grand Canyon—revives memories of visits past and promotes dreams of those still to come.1. Why are America's national parks like old friends? Because they are always out there.2. Which of the following statements is true about uniformed rangers? They protect the National Park System.3. The National Park Service does all of the following EXCEPT molding the Nation.4. What is this passage about? It is about the National Park Service.5. What will the paragraph following this passage most probably discuss? The work that has been done by the partners.第二十九篇Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends 发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们Obesity can spread from person to person, much like a virus, researchers are reporting today. When one person gains weight, close friends tend to gain weight, too.1.Who had the greatest influence on people who became obese? Their friends.2. Which of the following statement about a friend's influence is false according to the report? People were not likely to lose weight when they have skinny friends.3. According to Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, what is the explanation for friends being the greatest influence? Friends affected each others’ feelings of fatness.4. Which factor of becoming obese is not mentioned in this report? Life style.5. In what way is obesity contagious and epidemic? Social networks let the obesity spread rapidly.*第三十篇“Lucky”Lord Lucan--Alive or Dead 幸运的卢肯伯爵-是死是活On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan，a British aristocrat，vanished. The day before，his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too.1. The public are still interested in the investigation because Lord Lucan has never been found2. It is thought that Lucan killed the nanny because it was dark and he thought she was Lady Lucan3. Aspinall thought Lucan killed himself by sinking his boat4. Lucan could have been killed because people thought he might talk to the police about them if he was caught5. Ex-detective MacLaughlin claimed that Mr Barry Haplin was really Lord Lucan in disguise*第三十一篇Pool Watch 泳池监护Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are in trouble. The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year, but many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties.1. AI means the same as artificial intelligence.2. What is required of AI software to save a life? It can distinguish between a swimmer and a shadow.3. How does Poseidon save a life? It alerts the lifeguard.4. Which of the following statements about Travor Baylis is NOT true? He runs.5. The word "considered" in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by "rated".*第三十二篇The Cherokee Nation 彻罗基部落Long before the white man came to the America, the land belonged to the American Indian nations. The nation of the Cherokees lived in what is now the southeastern part of the United States.1. The Cherokee Nation used to live in the southeastern part of the U.S.2. One of the ways that Sequoyah copied from the white man is the way of writing down the spoken language.3. A law was passed in 1830 to force the Cherokees to move westward.4. When the Cherokees began to leave their lands, all of the above.5. Many Cherokees died on their way to their new home mainly because they did not have enough food and clothes.*第三十三篇 Oseola McCarty 老妇人Oseola McCarty LATE ONE SUNDAY AFTERNOON in September 1999，Oseola McCarty，an elderly cleaning lady passed away in the little wooden frame house where she had lived and worked most of her life.1. This woman shocked and inspired the world because she gave her life savings to help others through university2. She managed to save so much mOI1y because she had worked hard，saved hard and invested carefully3. She gave her money away because she wanted others to have the opportunity to escape a hard life4. When her generosity was made hundreds of people put money into the fund5. McCarty became famous because of her generosity完型填空第一篇 A Life with Birds 有鸟陪伴的生活For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of London's yeoman warders, better known to tourists as beefeaters. David, 64, lives in a three-bedroomed flat right at the top of the Byward Tower, one of the gatehouses. " From our bedroom we have a marvellous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames, " says David.The Tower of London is famous for its ravens, the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuries. David was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was offered the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no hesitation in accepting it. "The birds have now become my life and I'm always aware of the fact that I am maintaining a tradition. The legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower, England will fall to enemies, and it's my job to make sure this doesn't happen!"David devotes about four hours a day to the care of the ravens. He has grown to love them and the fact that he lives right next to them is ideal. "I can keep a close eye on them all the time, and not just when I'm working." At first, David's wife Mo was not keen on the idea of life in the Tower, but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year. "When we look out of our windows, we see history all around us, and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories."第二篇 A Lucky Break 幸运的骨折Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones, and it always seems to happen when he's doing sport. In the film Play it to the Bone he plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson. During the making of the film Harrelson kept complaining that the fight scenes weren't very convincing, so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real. The Spanish actor wasn't keen on the idea at first, but he was eventually persuaded by his co-star to put on his gloves and climb into the boxing ring. However, when he realized how seriously his opponent was taking it all, he began to regret his decision to fight. And then in the third round, Harrelson hit Banderas so hard in the face that he actually broke his nose. His wife, actress Melanie Griffith, was furious that he had been playing "silly macho games". "She was right," confesses Banderas, "and I was a fool to take a risk like that in the middle of a movie."He was reminded of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga. He had always dreamed of becoming a soccer star, of performing in front of a big crowd, but doctors told him his playing days were probably over. "That's when I decided to take up acting; I saw it as another way of performing, and achieving recognition. What happened to me on that football pitch was, you might say, my first lucky break."第三篇Global Warming 全球变暖Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate. Many scientists put the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the world's temperatures and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is at risk from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise .Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source. They are in favour of more money being spent on research into solar, wind and wave energy devices, which could then replace existing power stations.Some scientists, however believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results. Global warming, it seems, is here to stay.第四篇 A Success Story 一个成功的故事At 19, Ben Way is already a millionaire, and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made their fortune through the Internet. What makes Ben's story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic, and was told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly . "I wanted to prove them wrong ", says Ben, creator and director of Waysearch, a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls.When he was eight, his local authorities provided him with a PC to help with school work. Although he was unable to read the manuals, he had a natural ability with the computer, and encouraged by his father, he soon began charging people $l0 an hour for his knowledge and skills. At the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy, Quad Computer, which he ran from his bedroom, and two years later he left school to devote all his time to business."By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a couple of employees to help me", says Ben. "That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies.” It was. his ability to consistently overcome difficult challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Waysearch, and he has recently signed a deal worth $25 million with a private investment company, which will finance his search engine.第五篇Traffic in Our Cities 城市的交通The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk of accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.。

2012年职称英语等级考试《理工类C级》真题总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：120分第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

(1)Did she accept his research <u>proposal</u>?A. invitationB. planC. offerD. view(2)She only needs a <u>minute</u> amount of money．A. certainB. fairC. fullD. small(3)Keep your passport in a <u>secure</u> place．A. specialB. goodC. safeD. different(4)The story was published wit h the <u>sole</u> purpose of selling newspapers．A. realB. mainC. onlyD. practical(5)We had trouble finding a <u>pure</u> water supply．A. typicalB. completeC. cleanD. clear(6)He kept in <u>Constant</u> Contact with his family while he was in Australia．A. gradualB. regularC. direstD. occasional(7)“What Do you mean By that'?”Paul asked <u>sharply</u>．A. criticallyB. helplesslyC. politelyD. quickly(8)On the table was a vase filled with <u>artificial</u> flowers．A. wildB. freshC. lovelyD. false(9)The storm Caused <u>severe</u> Damage．A. physicalB. accidentalC. seriousD. environmental(10)The <u>Contempt</u> he felt for his fellow students was obvious．A. hateB. needC. loveD. pity(11)I’d like to <u>withdraw</u> ￡500 from myCurrent account．A. 1eaveB. payC. putD. draw(12)A large Crowd <u>assembled</u> o utside the American embassy．A. gatheredB. watchedC. shoutedD. walked(13)He <u>inspired</u> many young people to take up the sport．A. encouragedB. allowedC. calledD. advised(14)Many forms of Cancer Can Be Cured if <u>Detected</u> early．A. selectedB. operatedC. developedD. discovered(15)TheCity Centre was <u>wiped out</u> By the Bomb．A. coveredB. destroyedC. reducedD. moved第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误作息，请选择B；如果该句的信息该文中没有提及，请选择C。