2012年度职称英语“卫生类”新增阅读理解和完形填空全文翻译(3月4日)

写在最前面的关于30分题+15分1. +表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章，考哪一级就看哪一级的内容，别的级别的题目完全不用看。

2. 每个级别新增阅读理解2篇完型填空2篇（今年以前完形填空只新增一篇），考试的时候，这两篇阅读理解必考一篇，文章完全一样，但是问题及答案不一定完全一样，所以仅仅记住答案是不可靠的，一定要结合后面的翻译把这篇文章看懂。

那么这里5道题目15分必定能拿到。

然后完型填空，先说今年以前，只新增一篇完型填空，这篇完型填空必考，只是留空的位置不会完全一样，大约有40%左右的留空位置是一样，所以光背答案是没得用的，一定要把文章看熟。

当然今年由于每个级别新增了2篇完型填空，那么考试的时候肯定也是2选1考一篇。

这里15道题15分也很容易能拿到。

3. 词汇有15道题，替换同义词，找本字典翻翻，这15分也不难，至少12分能拿到吧。

其他的题能拿多少分就看各位的英语底子了。

做最坏的打算，剩下的题目还有55分，按瞎蒙25%的概率能拿到13.75分，加上前面的45分大约也有58分左右，所以要完全靠瞎蒙的朋友考试前多扶扶老奶奶过马路，多积累点人品吧。

4. 以上只是投机取巧的方法，各位有时间的话还是花点时间复习下，但是考前一定要把新增的题目掌握好，就算英语底子好的朋友也起码可以节约不少考试时间。

5. 本人职称英语A\B\C级都是这样考过的，每年的规律都是一样的。

从客观角度说，每年的职称英语考试书都不便宜，新增的内容也不多，如果新增的东西里面没有价值，那么那本书还有谁买？那本书可是考试中心出的，阅读理解*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety完形填空*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's TitanScientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn's moon2. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA3,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" inTitan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan's planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs"5 consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth."We suggested hydrogen consumption because it's the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin6(minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan's surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.Scientists had expected the Sun's interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan's surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan's surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator7 of the NASA Titan team."Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out8 possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."词汇：Saturn /'sætən/ n．土星 methane/'mi:θein/ n．甲烷，沼气Titan/'taitən/ n．土卫六 acetylene/ə'setili:n/ n．乙炔alien/'eiljən/ n．外星人；adj．外星球的；相异的conservatism/kən'sʒ:vətizəm/ n．保守主义,守旧注释：1.hints of alien life：外星生命迹象。

职称英语卫生类B级真题2012年(总分100, 做题时间120分钟)第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.These aretheir motives for doing it.SSS_SINGLE_SELA reasonsB excusesC answersD plans该问题分值: 1答案:A2.The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.SSS_SINGLE_SELA twistsB stretchesC broadensD bends该问题分值: 1答案:C3.Henrycannot resist the lure of drugs.SSS_SINGLE_SELA abuseB flavorC temptationD consumption该问题分值: 1答案:C4.Theseprogrammes are of immense value to old people.SSS_SINGLE_SELA naturalB fatalC tinyD enormous该问题分值: 1答案:D5.A greatdeal has been done to remedy the situation.SSS_SINGLE_SELA maintainB improveC assessD protect该问题分值: 1答案:B6.John is collaborating with Mary in writing an article.SSS_SINGLE_SELA cooperatingB competingC combiningD arguing该问题分值: 1答案:A7.He isdetermined to consolidate his power.SSS_SINGLE_SELA strengthenB controlC abandonD exercise该问题分值: 1答案:A8.Manyscientists have been probing psychologicalproblems.SSS_SINGLE_SELA solvingB exploringC settlingD handling该问题分值: 1答案:B9.Hearingproblems may be alleviated by changes in diet and exercisehabits.SSS_SINGLE_SELA removedB curedC worsenedD relieved该问题分值: 1答案:D10.And thecars are tested for defects before leaving thefactory.SSS_SINGLE_SELA functionsB motionsC faultsD parts该问题分值: 1答案:B11.The foodis insufficient for three people.SSS_SINGLE_SELA instantB infiniteC inexpensiveD inadequate该问题分值: 1答案:D12.Thousandsof people perished in the storm.SSS_SINGLE_SELA diedB sufferedC floatedD scattered该问题分值: 1答案:A13.But inthe end he approved of our proposal.SSS_SINGLE_SELA undoubtedlyB certainlyC ultimatelyD necessarily该问题分值: 1答案:C14.For youngchildren, getting dressed is a complicated business.SSS_SINGLE_SELA strangeB complexC personalD funny该问题分值: 1答案:B15.InBritain and many other countries appraisal is now a tool of management.SSS_SINGLE_SELA evaluationB efficiencyC productionD publicity该问题分值: 1答案:A第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2012年职称英语综合类所有新增文章(含练习解析及译文)D2012年职称英语综合类新增文章（含练习解析及译文）+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?+第四十七篇Narrow Escape补全短文（2篇）第九篇Heat Is Killer*第十一篇Virtual Driver完形填空（15篇）第一篇 A Life with Birds第二篇 A Lucky Break第三篇Global Warming第四篇 A Success Story第五篇Traffic in Our Cities第六篇Teaching and learning*第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer*第八篇Look on The Bright Side*第九篇The First Bicycle*第十篇Working Mothers+第十一篇School Lunch+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence+第十三篇The Old Gate+第十四篇Family History+第十五篇Helen and Martin译文见最后注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读判断，请参见第4页；概括大意与完成句子，请参见第8页；阅读理解，请参见第13页；补全短文，请参见第43页3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。

阅读判断第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England中度地震袭击英国A moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007，toppling chimneys from houses and rousing residents from their beds. Several thousand people were left without power1in Kent County. One woman suffered minor head and neck injuries.2007年4月28日英格兰东南部地区发生中度地震一些房屋烟囱倒塌，许多居民半夜从睡梦中惊醒。

+第三十四篇Who Want to Live Forever?If your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long , would you take it?The good news is that we may be drawing near to that date,Scientists have already extended the lives of flies ,worms and mice in laboratories. Many now think that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. This seems a great idea. Think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams,spending time with our loved ones,watching our families grow and have families of their own."Longer life would give us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says Dr Gregory Stock of the University Of California School Of Public Health. "It would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."Longer lives don't just affect the people who live them. They also affect society as a whole. "We have war,poverty,all sorts of issues around,and I don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says US bioethicist Daniel Callahan."The question is 'What will we get as a society? 'I suspect it won't be a better society."It would certainly be a very different society. People are already finding it more difficult to stay married. Divorce rates are rising. What would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? And what would happen to family life if nine or 10 generations of the same family were all alive at the same time?Research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. And that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents,or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart.We think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer help and advice. That would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.Working life would also be affected,especially if the retirement age was lifted. More people would stay in work for longer. That would give us the benefits of age-skill,wisdom and good judgment.On the other hand,more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. It would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. Top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals,making career progress more difficult. And how easily would a 25-year-old employee be able to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?Young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. It may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people,and more on making life comfortable for the old.And society would feel very different if more of its members were older. There would be more wisdom,but less energy. Young people like to move about. Old people like to sit still. Young people tend to act without thinking. Old people tend to think without acting. Young people are curious and like to experience different things. Old people are less enthusiastic about change. In fact ,they are less enthusiastic about everything.The effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. But as the science advances, we need to think about these changes now. " If this could ever happen,then we'd better ask what kind of society we want to get," says Daniel Callahan. "We had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."词汇:mice / mais / n. 老鼠(复数sibling / 'sibli? / n. 兄弟姐妹bioethicist // n. 生物伦理学家注释:1. brothers and sisters born 50 years apart 出生年份相隔50年的兄弟姐妹2. We had better not go anywhere near it 我们最好离它远点,这里的it指代前面讲的anti-ageing technology.练习:1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?A.Spending more time with his family.B.Having more education.C.Realizing more dreams.D.Working longer.2. Which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?A Marriages in the US today are quite unstable.B More and more people in the US today want to get married.C Living longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.D If people live longer ,they would stay in marriage longer.3. All of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life EXCEPTA Communication between employers and employees would be more difficult.B More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.C The job market would be more competitive.D It would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.4. An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is thatA.it places more emphasis on educating the young.B.it is both wise and energetic.C.it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new.D.it welcomes changes.5. Which of the following best describes Callahan 's attitude to anti-ageing technology ?A.Optimistic.B.Pessimistic.C.Reserved.D.Negative.答案与题解:1. B 长寿使个人能做的事主要在第三、四段里讲到,作者没有提到长寿可以让人更多地接受教育。

2012年职称英语考试卫生类C 级真题试卷及答案2012年职称英语考试卫生类C级试题及考试宝典答案第一部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、The storm caused severe damage.A.physicalB.accidentalC.seriousD.environmental【考试宝典答案】：C2、Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected earlyA.selectedB.operatedC.developedD.discovered【考试宝典答案】：D3、The story was published with the sole purpose of selling newspapersA.realB.mainC.onlyD.practical【考试宝典答案】：C4、A large crowd assembled outside the A merican embassyA.certainB.fairC.fullD.small【考试宝典答案】：D10、Keep your passport in a secure placeA.specialB.goodC.safeD.differe nt【考试宝典答案】：C11、He inspired many young people to take up the sportA.encouragedB.allowedC.calledD.advised【考试宝典答案】：A12、Did she accept his research proposal?A.invitationB.planC.offerD.view【考试宝典答案】：B13、The city centre was wiped out by the bombA.coveredB.destroyedC.reducedD.moved【考试宝典答案】：B14、I’d like to withdraw 500 from my curr ent accountA.leaveB.payC.putD.draw【考试宝典答案】：D15、The contempt he felt for his fellow st udents was obviousA.hateB.needC.loveD.pity【考试宝典答案】：D第二部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章及解析阅读判断（2篇）第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England*第十一篇Computer Mouse概括大意与完成句子（2篇）第六篇How We Form First lmpression第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language阅读理解（15篇）第一篇Telling Tales about People第八篇The Changing Middle Class第十篇 A Letter from Alan第十一篇The Development of Ballet第十六篇The Sahara*第十九篇The Family*第二十篇Tales of the Terrible Past*第二十六篇Seeing the World Centuries Ago*第三十篇“Lucky” Lord Lucan ----- Alive or Dead*第三十三篇Oseola McCarty+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?+第四十七篇Narrow Escape补全短文（2篇）第九篇Heat Is Killer*第十一篇Virtual Driver完形填空（15篇）第一篇 A Life with Birds第二篇 A Lucky Break第三篇Global Warming第四篇 A Success Story第五篇Traffic in Our Cities第六篇Teaching and learning*第七篇The Difference between Man and Computer*第八篇Look on The Bright Side*第九篇The First Bicycle*第十篇Working Mothers+第十一篇School Lunch+第十二篇 A Powerful Influence+第十三篇The Old Gate+第十四篇Family History+第十五篇Helen and Martin译文见最后注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读判断，请参见第4页；概括大意与完成句子，请参见第8页；阅读理解，请参见第13页；补全短文，请参见第43页3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化。

2012年度职称英语卫生类新增ABC类2012年卫生类教材新增今年卫生类的新增文章还是集中在阅读理解和完形填空两部分，共增加新增文章10篇。

其中阅读理解的文章总共增加5篇，A级新增两篇，B级新增两篇，C级新增一篇；完形填空部分也是一共增加5篇，其中A级增加3篇，B级增加1篇，C级增加1篇。

1、卫生类新增文章难度变化分析1）阅读理解。

去年的卫生类的新增文章的题目是比较难的，今年整体难度并没有增加。

今年的C级的文章在难度上都没有太大的变化。

A级和B级新增文章难度要大一些，难度主要体现在：第一点阅读理解的文章比较长，段落比较少的文章其段落很长。

句子也是以长句子为主；第二点题面句子都比较长；第三点是阅读理解题目中，推断类和态度类的题目比较多，难度要大一些。

2）完形填空。

完形填空的难度变化不是很大。

其中A级的完形填空题目中的“Healt h Profile健康概貌”这篇文章的难度是C级难度。

文章段落和题目都相对比较简单一些。

所以整体而言，完形填空新增文章的题目难度有所降低，但是备考的范围增加了，因为A级要准备3篇文章。

3、卫生类文章替换规律变化1）2012年的阅读理解和完形填空的新增文章总数都是5篇，这5篇的分布情况阅读理解是1（C）+2（B）+2（A），完型是1（C）+1（B）+3（A）的分配规律。

C级的这两种题型新增的均是1篇。

2）与去年（2011年新增文章）相比，新增文章替换数量的变化：阅读理解发生的变化是：去年A级和C级各新增1篇，B级新增两篇，比其他各个级别多新增一篇；今年整体数量上增加1篇，这一篇是A级新增，也就是今年A级比去年的新增数量多了一篇。

完型填空发生的变化是：去年完形填空Ａ级新增１篇，Ｂ级新增2篇，C级新增1篇；今年不仅是整体数量上增加了一篇，在分布上也发生了改变，今年的A级新增了3篇文章，比去年新增文章多出了两篇，而B级的新增情况是减少了一篇，今年只是新增了一篇。

整体的分析而言，不管是阅读理解和完形填空，C级文章在新增文章数量上都2）卫生类今年新增文章主题大部分是和饮食、睡眠、健康、寿命等相关的健康常识和健康理念。

2012年职称英语考试真题及答案（卫⽣类C级）2012年职称英语卫⽣类(C级)考试真题及答案 第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下⾯每个句⼦中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1 I'd very much like to know what your aim in life is A thought B idea C goal D plan 2 The policemen acted quickly because lives were at stake. A in danger B in difficulty C in despair D out of control 3 Practically all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes. A Certainly B Probably C Almost D Absolutely 4 Mary rarely speaks to Susan. A slowly B seldom C weakly D constantly 5 I'm working with a guy from London. A teacher B student C friend D man 6 You'd better put these documents in a safe place A dark B secure C guarded D banned 7 The courageous boy has been the subject of massive media coverage A extensive B continuous C instant D quick 8 The town is famous for its magnificent buildings A high-rise B modern C ancient D splendid 9 The great change of the city astonished all the visitors A surprised B scared C excited D moved 10 Jack packed up all the things he had accumulated over the last ten years A future B far C past D near 11 Would you please call my husband as soon as possible? A visit B phone C consult D invite 12 We had a long conversation about her parents. A speech B question C talk D debate 13 The chairman proposed that we stop the meeting A stated B announced C demanded D suggested 14 Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis A lived on B depended on C believed in D joined in 15 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a record A beats B maintains C matches D tries 第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分) 下⾯的短⽂后列出了7个句⼦，请根据短⽂的内容对每个句⼦做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息⽂中没有提及，请选择C.Importance of Children's Oral Health February is National Children's Dental (⽛齿的)Health Month，but in children good oral care is critical every day. The first comprehensive study on the nation's oral health，released recently by the Office of the U.S. Surgeon General，calls dental and oral diseases a “silent epidemic (流⾏病)，” even in children. The report states that more than 51 million school hours are lost each year to dental-related illness. In fact，a recent study pointed to dental care as the most common unmet health need among American children. To help counter this，the American Academy of Periodontology (⽛周病学)(AAP)is launching an effort to educate children and parents about the prevention of dental diseases in children. “This is important because oral problems can impact self-esteem for children and lead to problems of eating，speaking and attending to learning，” said Michael McGuire，president of the AAP. Common dental problems seen in children are cavities (龋洞)and gingivitis (龈⽛)，which are found in the majority of U.S. children. “When these problems are not caught early and treated，they can develop into more severe problems and cause unnecessary suffering，” said McGuire “However，much of the time，oral problems are avoidable problems.” In the Rio Grande Valley in Texas，a group of more than 120 dentists volunteers to deliver dental care to thousands of low-income children each year with its Mobile Dental Unit that travels from school to school. “According to the Surgeon General's Report，about 37 percent of children have not had a dental visit before starting school，” said McGuire. “When children don't see dentists they miss the opportunity to have problems caught early before they develop into larger，more expensive problems to treat，and parents miss the opportunity to learn how to promote good oral habits in their children.” 16 Only in February should attention be paid to children's oral health A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 Dental and oral diseases are common in both adults and children A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Boys miss more school hours each year due to dental-related illness A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Oral problems in children can develop into more severe problems. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 Oral problems can not be avoided in any way A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 The low-income children are very grateful to the dentists. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 Some children have never seen a dentist before starting school. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned　第3部分：概括⼤意与完成句⼦(第23--30题，每题1分，共8分) 下⾯的短⽂后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句⼦确定1个选项。

2012年职称英语考试卫⽣类A级试题及参考答案 第⼀部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分) 下⾯每个句⼦中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. He shifted his position a little in order to (alleviate) the pain in his leg.A.controlB. easyC. experienceD. suffer 2. Our aim was to (update) the health service, and we succeeded.A.offerB. provideC. modernizeD. fund 3. She moves from one (exotic) location to another.A.unusualB. familiarC. similarD. proper 4. Nothing would (induce) me to vote for him again.A.teachB. helpC. discourageD. attract 5. The photographs (evoked) strong memories of our holiday in France.A.refreshedB. storedC. blockedD. erased 6. The weather was (crisp) and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A.hotB. heavyC. freshD. windy 7. Every week the magazine presents the (profile) of a well-known sports personality.A.successB. descriptionC. evidenceD. plan 8. Her comments about men are (utterly) ridiculous completely.A. slightlyB. completelyC. partlyD. faintly 9. The walls are made of (hollow) concrete blocks. A . big B. empty C. long D. now 10. We almost (ran into) a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.A. overtookB. hitC. passedD. found 11. When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldn’t resist having a (peep) look.A.chanceB. visitC. lookD. try 12. He has been granted (asylum) in France.A. powerB. reliefC. protectionD. license 13. He was (weary) of the constant battle between them.A. fondB. tiredC. proudD. afraid 14. Newborn babies can (discriminate) between a man’s and a woman`s voice.A. treatB. distinguishC. expressD. analyzes 15. All the flats in the building had the same (layout) arrangement.A. colorB. sizeC. functionD. arrangement 【参考答案】： alleviate—ease update—modernize exotic—unusual induce—attract evoked—refreshed crisp—fresh profile—description utterly—completely hollow—empty ran into—hit peep—look asylum—protection weary—tired discriminate—distinguish layout—arrangement 第⼆部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分) 下⾯的短⽂后列出了7个句⼦，请根据短⽂的内容对每个句⼦做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息⽂中没有提及，请选择C。

Multiple Sclerosis（多发性硬化症）1Multiple Sclerosis(MS)is a disease in which the patient’s immune（免疫的）system attacks the central nervous system.This can lead to numerous physical and mental symptoms, as the disease affects the transmission of electrical signals between the body and the brain.However,the human body,being a flexible,adaptable system,can compensate for some level of damage,so a person with MS can look and feel fine even though the disease is present.多发性硬化症是一种疾病，病人的免疫系统攻击了中暑神经系统，这就会产生身体和精神上的症状，因为这种病影响了身体与大脑电子信号的传输。

然而，人体是一个灵活的有适应性的系统，能对这种损伤产生补偿作用，所以患有多发性硬化症的看上去不错，感觉也很好，即使他们已经得了这种病。

2MS patients can have one of two main varieties of the disease:there lapsing form（复发型）and the primary progressive form.In the relapsing form,the disease progresses in a series of jumps;at times it is in remission（减轻）which means that a person’s normal functions return for a period of time beforethe system goes into relapse and the disease again becomes more active.This is the most common form of MS;80-90%of people have this form of the disease when they are first diagnosed. The relapse-remission cycle can continue for many years. Eventually,however,loss of physical and cognitive functions starts to take place and the remissions become less frequent.多发性硬化症主要有两种：复发型和原发型。

2012年职称英语（卫生类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板3第一篇Bringing Nanotechnology to Health Care for the Poor 3第二篇Medical Journals 3第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor 4第四篇Multivitamins Urged for All Pregnant Women 4第五篇U.S. Eats Too Much Salt5第六篇Pushbike Peril 6第七篇Late-night Drinking 6第八篇（新增）Eat Healthy 7第九篇U.S. to Start $3.2 Billion Child Health Study in January 7第十篇Cigars Instead? 8第十一篇Sleeplessness 8第十二篇Common-cold Sense 9第十三篇Drug Reactions--a Major Cause of Death 9第十四篇Dreams 10第十五篇Warm People Likely to Keep Cold at Bay 10第十六篇Sleep 11*第十七篇Eating Potatoes Gives Your Immune System a Boost 11*第十八篇Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics 12*第十九篇（新增）Prolonging Human Life 12*第二十篇FDA: Human, Animal Waste Threatens Produce 13*第二十一篇Early or Later Day Care 13*第二十二篇Egypt Felled by Famine 14*第二十三篇After-birth Depression Blamed for Woman's Suicide 14*第二十四篇（新增）Sleep Lets Brain File Memories 15*第二十五篇Medicine Award Kicks off Nobel Prize Announcements 16*第二十六篇Obesity: the Scourge of the Western World 16*第二十七篇New Attempts to Eradicate AIDS Virus 17*第二十八篇Diseases of Agricultural Plants 17*第二十九篇Obesity 18*第三十篇Silent and Deadly 18*第三十一篇Spacing in Animals 19*第三十二篇Fruit and Vegetable Juices as Beneficial to Health as Fruits and Veggies 19 *第三十三篇In-line Skating and Injuries 20+第三十四篇（新增）Who Wants to Live Forever 21+第三十五篇Single-parent Kids Do Best 21+第三十六篇Dangerous Sunshine to Children 22+第三十七篇Hypertension Drugs Found to Cut Risk of Stroke 23+第三十八篇Pregnancy Anomalies May Lower Breast Cancer Risk 23+第三十九篇Pool Watch 24+第四十篇（新增）Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others 24+第四十一篇Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other 25+第四十二篇More about Alzheimer' s Disease 25+第四十三篇Education of Students with Vision Impairments 26+第四十四篇Water Pollution 26+第四十五篇DNA Fingerprinting 27+第四十六篇Malnutrition 27+第四十七篇Drug Resistance Fades Quickly in Key Aids Drug 28+第四十八篇IQ-gene 28+第四十九篇 A Gay Biologist 29+第五十篇15 Million Americans Suffer from Social Anxiety Disorder29 2012年职称英语（卫生类）阅读理解中英文背诵模板第三篇Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor。

2012年职称英语卫生类C级真题——完形填空第6部分：完形填空（第52~65题，每题1分，共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Going on a dietA typical person needs about 1,800 calories per day to stay alive. These calories keep your heart 1_______and your lungs breathing. They keep your organs operating 2_______and, your brain running. They also keep your body warm. A person 3______weight because he or she consumes more calories perday than needed. The only way to lose fat is to 4______the number of calories that you consume per day. This is the basic 5______behind going on a diet.Unfortunately，diets dont 6______for most people. They do lose weight but then go 7______ the diet and put it back. Building a sensible diet and exercise plan is the key to 8______ a consistent weight. You need to figure out how many calories you need in a day and how many you 9______ take in. The next step is to add ，exercise so that you can 10______the number of calories you can consume per day.Exercise charts can show you how many calories different 11______of exercise can burn. Burning 250 or 500 calories per day can 12______a big difference. You can ride an exercise bike while you are watching TV or you can 13______ the stairs instead of the elevator. Find an exercise 14______. Exercise can be a lot easier if there is someone to talk to. Its a good idea towear firm-fitting clothes if you are on a diet. 15______clothing acts as a reminder of what you are trying to accomplish.。

Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance（警惕抗菌药物的耐药性）The ability of micro--organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue．Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment(multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy．They constitute a growing and global public health problem．Who suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to limit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics，reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.An article punished in The Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics．The article “has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3(antimicrobial resistance)。

2012年职称英语理工、综合和卫生教材（电子版已经发布，欢迎下载）完形填空（6篇）第三篇Germs on Banknotes第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness*第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk+第十三篇Solar Power without Solar Cells+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章2、阅读理解3、2012年词汇部分与2011年教材相比未作任何变化第三篇Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 .Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6 from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we call “paper” money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 .Different countries may use different 9 to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money 's been. Or what's living on it词汇：pesos/pi:səvs/ n ．比索bacterium /kæk'tiəriəm/ n ．细菌（单数）germ/dʒə:m/ n．病菌bacteria /bæktiəriə／细菌（复数）banknote/bæŋknəvt/ n．纸币centimeter/senti,mi:tə。

Tiny InvadersThe human body is truly amazing.It allows us to sense the world around us,to do work and have fun,and to move from place to place.In fact,the human body does its work so well that most people don’t think about it very much—until they get sick.The germs（致病菌）that make people sick are everywhere. You can’t see them,but they’re there.They’re sitting on your desk.They’re hiding on your computer’s keyboard. They’re even in the air that you are breathing.There are two types of germs:viruses and bacteria（细菌）.Viruses are germs that can only live inside animals or plants.Viruses cause illnesses such as flu and measles（麻疹）.Bacteria are tiny creatures.Some bacteria are good.They can help your stomach break down food.Other bacteria aren’t so good.They can make you sick.Bacteria can cause sore throats（喉痛）and ear infections.How can you stop these tiny invaders from making you sick? Your skin is the first defense against germs.You can preventsome illnesses simply by washing,with soap and water.But germs can still enter the body through small cuts in the skin or through the mouth,eyes,and nose.Once germs are inside your body,your immune（免疫的）system tries to protect you.It looks for and destroys germs.How does it do that?Special cells patrol your body.Some of these cells actually eat germs!Other cells make antibodies.An antibody sticks to a germ.There is a different antibody for each kind of germ.Some antibodies keep germs from making you sick.Others help your body find and kill germs.After a germ is destroyed, the antibodies stay in your body.They protect you if the same kind of germ comes back.That way you will not get the same illness twice.You can keep your body healthy by eating a nutritious（有营养的）diet to make your immune system strong.You can also help your immune system fight germs by getting vaccinated（接种）.Vaccines are medicines.They contain germs that have been killed or weakened.The dead germs can’t make you sick.Instead, they cause your body to make antibodies.If the same germ ever shows up again,then your antibodies attack it.译文：微小的入侵者人类的身体真的令人惊讶，它让我们感觉到周围的世界，工作和娱乐，运动。