聚光光伏优化能量密度和输出功率

Example of tracked system
Example of fixed tilt system
Hour of Year Cum, GNI, Baker Cum, Global Tilted, Baker
/$ per Wp under-represents tracked resource by >53% per year
Photovoltaics (PV) Conventional Si Mature technology Indirect sunlight acceptable Does not require tracking Performance degrades at high temperatures
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For wide deployment, solar must be compared objectively
The LCOE Provides Metric for System Level Optimization Enlightened CPV Industry Self-Interest
DOE adopted LCOE as the metric for the Solar America Initiative CPV specification approach portrayed unfairly in terms of $/Wp!
Image formed by secondary
Note defocused at surface of primary
Tertiary
Tertiary is Non-imaging Guide, Substituting Glass area for Multi-junction Cell Area Taper Permits Large Acceptance Angle & Standard Dimension Cells for Reduced Market Entry Costs Controlled Beam Expansion Assists in Heat Transfer and Reduces Current Density
Light-guiding by TIR
Image Quality
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Competitive LCOE Analysis
Faster LCOE Reduction Against PV and Thin Film Technologies
21.0
E lectric C t ($/ kwh) ity os
19.0 17.0 15.0 2009 13.0 11.0 9.0 7.0 5.0 CPV (SolFocus) PVTracked PVFixed TF Fixed 2010
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Incredible Materials Efficiency
No Dependence on Silicon Supply 1/1,000 Active Material of Silicon PV
CPV utilizes high efficiency multi-junction cells Cell efficiency > 38% today; ~42% by 2010 3 suppliers today >400MW/yr capacity total 10 GW ramp possible in just three years Still early in cost, performance life cycle
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All Technologies Have a Place
Concentrator PV CPV Lowest LCOE potential Highest energy density Matches peak load demand Best in hot climates Readily scalable to GW Tracking Mandatory Requires Direct Sunlight
Realizing the CPV Opportunity
DESIGNING FOR MAXIMUM ENERGY OU百度文库PUT AND LOW COST
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Our CPV Technology
Mirrors Concentrate Sunlight 500x Glass Reflectors Enclosed for Low Cost and Durability High-Efficiency III-V Cells – Passively Cooled High Performance Panels, even at High Temperature Wide Acceptance Angle
30 Year Cost of Ownership lower higher better
Equipment
Operations and Maintenance
Warranty
30 Year Energy Output
Efficiency
# Systems
Losses
Why LCOE?
LCOE Moves IRR Calculation to Fossil Standard
“All solar installations are area limited.” (The value of efficiency is) “…so incredible.”
Dick Swanson, SunPower
2010: SF 30% efficiency; Others industry average efficiencies.
Thin Film Indirect sunlight acceptable Less temperature degradation than silicon PV Suited to rooftops/ construction Lowest Efficiency
Concentrated Solar Power CSP Cost effective in large installations Mature solar technology Large land use Significant water usage (850 g/MWh)
But Location Matters
SolFocus CPV Technology Markets – Macro and Micro Climates
CPV CPV
CPV Crystalline Thin Film
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It’s About LCOE
NPV of Annual Cash Flows Levelized Cost of Energy = 'NPV' of the Annual Energy Flows
Leverage Techniques of Low Cost/High Volume Industries
Design for High Efficiency
Low Loss Optics Maintain Current Balance to Extract Peak Efficiency
Protective Cover Glass
Primary Mirror, Second Surface Reflector
Secondary mirror, first surface reflector
Non-imaging tertiary (lightpipe)
Primary
Low Cost Slumping to Form Collecting Area Low Cost Wet Chemistry to Coat Collecting Area Focus Primary within Enclosure to Enhance Safety
/$ per Wp under-represents tracked resource by ~45% this day
Tracking and $/Wp
Same Site, Annual Collection
Insolation - Baker, CA
Cumulative Insolation (W-hr)
2010: SF 30% efficiency; Others industry average cost and efficiencies.
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Tracking and $/Wp
Fixed Tilt PV Installation in Ideal Location
Site with high typical solar resource (Baker, CA) Day of maximum insolation for a fixed tilt
July 7 Insolation Data for Baker, CA Cumulative Insolartion (W-hr/m2)
Insolation (W/m2)
Example of tracked system
Example of fixed tilt system
GNI Global Tilted Cum, GNI Cum, Global, Tilted
Focus of primary
Secondary
Secondary Relays Image to Entrance Face of Tertiary Aspheric Surface to Support High Numerical Aperture Minimize Cost with Fab Methods Common to Camera Lenses High Performance Coating to Maximize Reflectivity and Minimize Heating
Optimizing Energy Density and Output with Scalable CPV
Gary D. Conley
CEO, SolFocus June 11, 2008
SolFocus, Inc. 2008
Discussion Topics
CPV’s Place in the Sun Metrics for CPV: LCOE versus /$ Per Watt Designing for Energy Output and Low Cost CPV and Energy Density/Output Scalability and CPV
More Power in Hot Climates
SolFocus CPV: 20% More Rated Power in Hot Climates
Source: Reported Ratings, 2007
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CPV High Energy Density
High Efficiency Panels Equals More Power per Site Enables Higher % of Load for Commercial Customers Better Use of Land Efficiency + Tracking = Higher Energy Efficiency
Maximize Energy over Product Life
Enclosed Optics to Maximize Reliability Design for Large Acceptance Angle Enhance Tracking Robustness
The Optical Train
Efficiency Matters
Cell efficiency drives LCOE Amortizes other BOS components Theoretical limit >60% (vs. 26% for Si)
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How Best to Concentrate
Design for Low Cost