IMAGES-III The evolution of the Near-Infrared Tully-Fisher relation over the last 6 Gyr

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arXiv:0803.3002v2 [astro-ph] 8 Apr 2008Astronomy&Astrophysicsmanuscriptno.tf˙langApril8,2008

(DOI:willbeinsertedbyhandlater)

IMAGES⋆-III:TheevolutionoftheNear-InfraredTully-Fisherrelationoverthelast6Gyr

M.Puech1,2,H.Flores2,F.Hammer2,Y.Yang2,B.Neichel2,M.Lehnert2,L.Chemin2,N.Nesvadba2,B.Epinat5,P.Amram5,C.Balkowski2,C.Cesarsky1,H.Dannerbauer6,S.diSeregoAlighieri7,I.Fuentes-Carrera2,B.Guiderdoni8,A.Kembhavi3,Y.C.Liang9,G.¨Ostlin10,L.Pozzetti4,C.D.Ravikumar11,A.Rawat2,3,D.Vergani12,J.Vernet1,andH.Wozniak8

1ESO,Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse2,D-85748GarchingbeiM¨unchen,Germany

2GEPI,ObservatoiredeParis,CNRS,UniversityParisDiderot;5PlaceJulesJanssen,92190Meudon,France

3Inter-UniversityCentreforAstronomyandAstrophysics,PostBag4,Ganeshkhind,Pune411007,India

4INAF-OsservatorioAstronomicodiBologna,viaRanzani1,40127Bologna,Italy

5Laboratoired’AstrophysiquedeMarseille,ObservatoireAstronomiquedeMarseille-Provence,2PlaceLeVerrier,13248

Marseille,France6MPIA,K¨onigstuhl17,D-69117Heidelberg,Germany

7INAF,OsservatorioAstrofisicodiArcetri,LargoEnricoFermi5,I-50125,Florence,Italy

8CentredeRechercheAstronomiquedeLyon,9AvenueCharlesAndr´e,69561Saint-Genis-LavalCedex,France

9NationalAstronomicalObservatories,ChineseAcademyofSciences,20ADatunRoad,ChaoyangDistrict,Beijing100012,

PRChina10StockholmObservatory,AlbaNovaUniversityCenter,StockholmsCenterforPhysics,AstronomyandBiotechnology,

Roslagstullsbacken21,10691Stockholm,Sweden11DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofCalicut,Kerala673635,India

12IASF-INAF-viaBassini15,I-20133,Milano,Italy

Received......;accepted.....Abstract.Usingthemulti-integralfieldspectrographGIRAFFEatVLT,wehavederivedtheK-bandTully-Fisherrelation(TFR)atz∼0.6forarepresentativesampleof65galaxieswithemissionlines(W0(OII)≥15Å).Weconfirmthatthescatterinthez∼0.6TFRiscausedbygalaxieswithanomalouskinematics,andfindapositiveandstrongcorrelationbetweenthecomplexityofthekinematicsandthescatterthattheycontributetotheTFR.Consideringonlyrelaxed-rotatingdisks,thescatter,andpossiblyalsotheslope,oftheTFR,donotappeartoevolvewithredshift.WedetectanevolutionoftheK-bandTFRzeropointbetweenz∼0.6andz=0,which,ifinterpretedasanevolutionoftheK-bandluminosityofrotatingdisks,wouldimplythatabrighteningof0.66±0.14magoccursbetweenz∼0.6andz=0.AnydisagreementwiththeresultsofFloresetal.(2006)areattributedtobothanimprovementofthelocalTFRandthemoredetailedaccuratemeasurementoftherotationvelocitiesinthedistantsample.Mostoftheuncertaintycanbeexplainedbytherelativelycoarsespatial-resolutionofthekinematicaldata.Becausemostrotatingdisksatz∼0.6areunlikelytoexperiencefurthermergingevents,onemayassumethattheirrotationalvelocity,whichistakenasaproxyofthetotalmass,doesnotevolvedramatically.Iftrue,ourresultimpliesthatrotatingdisksobservedatz∼0.6arerapidlytransformingtheirgasintostars,tobeabletodoubletheirstellarmassesandbeobservedontheTFRatz=0.Therotatingdisksobservedareindeedemission-linegalaxiesthatareeitherstarburstsorLIRGs,whichimpliesthattheyareformingstarsatahighrate.Thus,asignificantfractionoftherotatingdisksareformingthebulkoftheirstarswithin6to8Gyr,ingoodagreementwithformerstudiesoftheevolutionofthemass-metallicityrelationship.

Keywords.Galaxies:evolution;Galaxies:kinematicsanddynamics;Galaxies:high-redshifts;galaxies:general;galaxies:interactions;galaxies:spiral.

1.IntroductionSincethefirstrotationcurvesweremeasuredatintermedi-ateredshifts(Vogtetal.1993),manystudieshavebeende-2M.Puechetal.:IMAGES-III:evolutionoftheNIRTFR(Simard&Pritchet1998;Bamfordetal.2006;Weineretal.2006;Chiuetal.2007).Inalmostallofthesestudies,theB-bandTFRshowsalargedispersionincomparisonwiththelo-calrelation,especiallyatthelow-luminosity(orvelocity)end(e.g.,B¨ohmetal.2004).B¨ohm&Ziegler(2007)showedthatthiseffectcouldbeattributedtoanincompletenessinmagni-tudeprovidedthatthescatterdecreasedbyafactorofatleastthreebetweenz∼0.5andz=0,withnoevolutionofslopeorzeropoint.Alternatively,theyproposedapossibleluminosity-dependentevolution,inwhichdistantlow-luminositygalaxieswouldhavelowermass-to-lightratios[M/L]thantheirlocalcounterparts,whilehigher-luminositygalaxieswouldnotun-dergostrongM/Levolution.Therefore,thesituationforB-banddataremainsunclear,particularlyconcerningthelargescatterinmeasurementsfoundathighredshift.

Tominimizeobservationalbiasesandenableeasiercom-parisonswithmodels,aprogressiveinteresthasbeende-votedtotheK-bandandstellar-massTFRs(hereafter,smTFR).Long-slitspectroscopyofdistantgalaxiesrevealedansmTFRofsignificantscatter,withdetectableevolutionofneitherzeropointnorslope,uptoz∼1(Conseliceetal.2005).Thismuchlargerdispersionappearstobelinkedto“kine-maticallyanomalousgalaxies”,asinferredfromlocalstud-ies(Kannappan&Barton2004),or,fromamorphologicalpointofview,withdisturbed,compact,ormerginggalaxies(Kassinetal.2007;Atkinsonetal.2007).Weineretal.(2006)andKassinetal.(2007)definedanewtracerofthegalaxydark-halopotentialcalledS,whichcorrectstherotationveloc-ityfordisordered,non-circularmotions.Onceexpressedus-ingthisnewkinematicalestimator,thedistantsmTFRshowssignificantly-reducedscatter,withnodetectableevolutioninei-therzeropointorslope.Thissuggestsanimportantroleofnon-orderedmotionsinincreasingthescatterofthedistantTFR.