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Informationretrievalonmixedwrittenandspokendocuments

BenoitFavre,PatriceBellot,Jean-Fran¸coisBonastre{benoit.favre,patrice.bellot,jean-francois.bonastre}@lia.univ-avignon.frLaboratoired’Informatiqued’Avignon-Universit´ed’Avignon339,chemindesMeinajaries-AgroparcBP122884911AVIGNONCedex9-FRANCET´el:+33(0)490843509Fax:+33(0)490843501

January5,2004

AbstractWhileadvanceshavebeenmadeinstructuring,indexingandretrievalofmultimediadocuments,weproposetostudytheunexploredproblematicsofinformationretrievalonheterogeneousmediasetscomposedofwrittenandspokendocuments.Thecoverageofmodalitiesinretrievedresultsseemstobeanimportantpartoftheuser’sinformationneed.Weshowthatthisproblematicisnotsatisfiedbytheusualbag-of-wordsmodelsandproposeamethodtobalancemodalitieswithinthequeryexpansionprocessoftheprobabilisticmodel.Astherehasneverbeenexperimentsinthisdomain,wesuggestthatbuildingevaluationdatafortheaddressedmedias(textandspeech)aswellasothermedias(image...)isimportantforthemultimediainformationretrievalcommunity.

1IntroductionTheamountofinformationavailableovernetworksgrowseverydays.Thisinformationworthsbee-ingaccessedandstructured.Indexationandinformationretrievalareessentialtaskstorealizetheseobjectives.

Majoradvancesintextualinformationretrievalwhereobservedwithinthelastyears.Anewneedformultimediainformationretrievalbringingnewproblematicsisimpliedbytherisingproductionofmultimediadocuments,thegrowthofcapacities,ratesandcomputationpower.

Multimediainformationiscomposedofimages,videosandaudiostreamsinadditiontotextualdocuments.Whereashighlevelinformationextractionfromstillandanimatedimagesareoutbreaking,automaticspeechrecognitionisusedtotranscribeandindexthespokencontentofmultimediadocumentsandperformswellenoughtoachieveSpokenDocumentRetrieval(SDR).SpeechindexinghasbeenmuchstudiedduringtheSDRNIST(NationalInstituteofScienceandTechnology)evaluationcampains[GAV00].

Weproposetostudythebehaviourofclassicalinformationretrievalmethodsonmultimediadocumentcollectionscomposedoftextualdocumentsandspeechtranscripts.Thismultimediainformationretrievaltaskdealswithheterogeneousdocumentsetsand,asfarasweknow,hasneverbeenexploredbefore.Wenoticethattheuser’sinformationneedimpliestheconsiderationofthemodalitycoverageinthesearchresults.Thisleadstoabalanceproblembetweenmodalitiesthatcanberesolvedusinganad-hocqueryexpansionmethodthatweprovideinsection5.2.1.Weconcludeontheneedforevaluationdataforthisnewkindofinformationretrieval.

12MotivationsDuringthelastyears,informationretrievalhasbeenstudiedonseparatedmedia,butasmultimediadocumentssurroundus,themediasarenowstudiedtogether.Linksaremadeintheinformationspacebetweenmedia.Forinstance,imageretrievalusinglowlevelfeatureslikecolorhistogramsandtexturegiveslowretrievalefficiency[SC01].Therefore,textiscapturedaroundanimage(caption...)togethighlevelconceptsrelatedtotheimage.Thiskindofinformationretrievalbindsmultiplemediasinsingledocumentsand,togetbacktoourpreviousexample,animagewon’tberetrievedwithoutitscaption.

Westudyinthisarticleanapproachofmultimediainformationretrievalwherethedocumentcollec-tionismadeofdocumentsofmultiplemedias.Thestudyisreducedtotextualdocumentsandspeechtranscriptsbecausethesemodalitieshavebeenwellstudiedduringthepastyearsandmayberetrievedusingsimilarmethods.Textualdocumentsandspeechtranscriptssharethesamerepresentationofthecontent(words,sentences...)butthelaterenablestheretrivalofaudiodocuments.Weareparticularlyinterestedinknowinghowtheuserwoulddealwithamultimediadatabasecontainingtextualandaudioinformation.Theusermaybelookingfortextualonlyoraudioonlydocumentsandonthecontraryhemaywanttocomparetextualtoaudiocontent.Henceaninformationretrievalsystemworkingonthiskindofdatabasewillhavetodealwithtwowaysofformulatingtheuserinformationneed.

Informationretrievalonmixedmediacorpusisanimportantsteptowardmulitmediainformationretrievalanddoesnotseem(asfarasweknow)tohavebeenstudiedbefore.

3Relatedwork3.1TextualinformationretrievalThereareseveralapproachestoinformationretrievalgiventhestudiedmedia.Textretrievalhasbeenthefirstapprochtoinformationretrievalandemergedfromadifficultproblematic:findthedocumentsmeetingtheuser’sinformationneed.Thisneedisnotwelldefinedandbiasedlyexpressedviaatextualquery.Adocumentwillberelevant(ornotrelevant)totheuser’squerywhenheliked(disliked)it.Thiswayofpartitionningsearchresultshelpsinevaluatinganinformationretrievalsystemusingprecisionandrecallmetrics.Theprecisionisthenumberofrelevantdocumentsretrievedcomparedtothenumberofretrieveddocumentsandtherecallisthenumberofrelevantdocumentsretrievedcomparedtothenumberofrelevantdocumentsinthetargetcollection.

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信息化相关英文单词

信息化相关英文单词

以下是一些与信息化相关的英文单词：1. Information technology（信息技术）：涉及计算机、通信和信息处理的技术。

2. Information system（信息系统）：涉及信息收集、处理、存储和应用的系统。

3. Information and communication technology（信息和通信技术）：涵盖计算机、通信和信息处理的技术领域。

4. E-commerce（电子商务）：通过电子手段进行的商业活动。

5. E-learning（电子学习）：使用数字技术进行的学习活动。

6. Virtual reality（虚拟现实）：通过计算机技术创建的模拟现实环境。

7. Internet（互联网）：一个全球性的计算机网络，连接着全球各地的计算机和网络。

8. World Wide Web（万维网）：一个基于互联网的信息服务系统，通过超文本链接实现信息检索和浏览。

9. Web browser（网络浏览器）：用于访问和浏览万维网上的信息资源的软件工具。

10. Email（电子邮件）：通过互联网发送的电子邮件。

11. Instant messaging（即时通讯）：通过互联网实时传递文字、音频和视频信息的通信工具。

12. Social media（社交媒体）：允许用户生成内容并与其他用户分享的在线平台，如Facebook、Twitter等。

13. Blog（博客）：一种个人或小型团体用来发布文章、图片等内容的在线日志。

14. RSS feed（RSS提要）：一种用于聚合网站更新的方法，通常用于新闻网站和个人博客等。

15. Search engine（搜索引擎）：用于在互联网上搜索信息的工具，如Google、Baidu等。

关于information的英文作文

关于information的英文作文

关于information的英文作文下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。

文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!Information is everywhere. It's like the air we breathe. You can get it from books, the internet, people talking.It's just there.Information can be really useful. It helps us learn new things, solve problems. But sometimes there's too much of it. It can be overwhelming.Some information is really important. Like how to stay safe or how to do a job well. But other information might not matter that much.We need to be able to sort through all the information and figure out what's good and what's not. It's not always easy.。

辨析message, information配套课件

辨析message, information配套课件

辨析message, information
广州华腾教育科技股份有限公司 版权所有
message
message意为“音信、消息”，一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”， 是可数名词。 There is an important message for you from your brother. 你哥哥有个重要的消息要告诉你。 Have you brought any messages from her? 你从她那儿捎来什么信儿了吗？
课堂小结
message意为“音信、消息”，一般指口头传递的或书写的“消息”， 是可数名词。 information意为“信息、资料、情报”，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话 或书信中特别关注的信息、资料、情报等，是不可数名词。
3. Will you take this __m__e_ss_a_g_e__ to your brother? 你能把这个消息带给你的哥哥吗？ 4. We can use mobile phones to send __m_e_s_s_ag_e_s__. 我们可以用手机发送信息。 5. Can you give me some __in_f_o_rm__a_ti_o_n_ about trains to London? 你能给我一些有关去伦敦的火车ve a __m__e_ss_a_g_e__ for you from Lily. 我有一个来自莉莉的口信给你。 2. There is much new __i_n_fo_r_m__a_ti_o_n__ in this book. 这本书里有许多新的资料。
即时练习
information
information意为“信息、资料、情报”，通常指在阅读、观察、谈话 或书信中特别关注的信息、资料、情报等，是不可数名词。 They must find out some information about planes to Yunnan. 他们必须找到有关去往云南班机的信息。 The students went to the library to look up the information. 学生们去了图书馆查找资料。
高三复习-information复数形式

高三复习-information复数形式

information复数形式
information是不可数名词,所以没有复数形式,只能够用 a lot of,much,little等修饰不可数名次的形容词修饰,而不能用many等修饰可数名词的形容词修饰。

information的用法information可以用作名词
information的意思是“信息,消息; 资料; 情报”,是不可数名词,没有复数形式,如果“一则消息”可以说a piece of information,“许多信息”是many pieces of information。

也可作“知识”解,其后常接介词on〔about, concerning〕。

information还可作“通知,告知”解,是不可数名词。

information后面可接由that引导的同位语从句。

information用作名词的用法例句
They were unable to provide much information.他们不能提供很多信息。

We are able to get the information we need from the Internet.我们可以从网上得到我们需要的信息。

The police haven
t got enough information to catch the criminal.警方还未得到可捉拿这个罪犯的足够情报。