1宝山区(C)Are you worried about money? If so, I have some good news for you. Someone once said, “If all your problems can be solved with money, then you don't have any.” I get the point. Unless you are on the edge of losing everything and living in your car (which is a very sad thing that happens to people every day), your perceptions of your problems may not be serving you well.Let's take a look. Can you pay your living expenses and support your family? If so you are OK. Even if you are a family that just barely breaks even every month, you have to count that as a blessing, Most of us also have those terrible, surprising unexpected bills. But unless you you’re your job or your mind, don't you always find a way to take care of those expenses?PERTINENT(切中要害的) QUESTIONSTo see if you worry too much about finances, ask yourself a couple of questions Do you wake up worried about money? Do you check your bank balance and look at upcoming bills more than once every few days or even multiple times a day? If so, then you may have a little financial insecurity going on. Let's look at getting it under control. If it's making you crazy, it can make your family a little crazy too. This type of anxiousness is passed on to others, which is important to remember whenever you have the urge to share your fears.TOO MUCH INFORMATIONTMI (too much information) happens because it seems that by releasing Pent-up(压抑的)feelings of anxiety you will feel better and hopefully more supported and that this can happen but not with your loved ones because they will take all your fair and magnify it. Talk instead with your financial advisor, your bank manager or your therapist. Laying your financial fears at the feet of your family is not good for them or for you. Yes, be honest about any problems, but if you get emotional, so will those closest to youPOSITIVE ACTIONIt's hard to be this passionate about money, but honestly, it's really the best way to get this issue solved. You have to look at it from a practical standpoint. Go over your debts, look closely at your assets and determine the best thing for you to do with your time right now.Maybe you need to use this time to get your books and other only your computer or use it to job hunt or to promote your business. Then again you may need to hire an accountant and go on some interviews. The point is simple: the only way to relieve yourself of the uncomfortable feeling of financial pressure is to take some kind of positive action.63. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Financial problems are not vital ones in everyone's daily life.B. You'd better calm down when you have financial problems.C. You needn't worry about unexpected bills even if you're out of work.D. When you have financial fears, remember to share feelings with others.64. The passage implies that ______.A. the best way to deal with money problem is to take positive actionB. as long as we share feelings with others, money fear will disappearC. we should have an optimistic attitude toward financial fearsD. any problem we meet can be solved with the help of money65. The phrase lay your financial fears at the feet of your family in the sixth paragraph probably means ______.A. to solve financial fears caused by your familyB. to help your family smartly avoid financial fearsC to make your family responsible for financial fearsD. to encourage your family to face financial fears bravely66. The best title of the passage is ______.A. Perceptions of money and valueB. Passion, money and familyC. Keeping balance of psychologyD. Dealing with money worries56—59 ADAB 60—62 CBD 63—66 BCCD 67—70 DCEB2崇明区( C )A portrait created by artificial intelligence, or AI, made a historicappearance on the auction(拍卖) block at Christie’s in New York Ci ty. It is the first artwork created by an algorithm(算法) to be offered for auction in the world of fine art.The odd-looking painting of a fictitious man in a dark frockcoat left the auction block at Christie’s for a whopping US$432,500 on Oct. 25 in New York City.The portrait —designed in the “Old Master” style reminiscent of European fine artists from centuries ago —only partially fills the canvas, leaving empty space around the central figure. It appears to represent a man with a blurred face, dressed in clothing similar to that worn by subjects painted by the Dutch artist Rembrandt van Rijn in the 17th century.Of course, a computer didn’t automatically pick up a brush and become an artist. The AI that created the image had human programmers---a Paris ian art collective called Obvious, Christie’s reported. Their cooperation, titled “Portrait of Edmond De Belamy, ” is part of a series of paintings of the fictional Belamy family and was expected to fetch $7,000 to $10,000, according to Christie’s.To create the portrait, the Obvious team first fed the network a diet of 15,000 images painted between the 14th and 20th centuries, to train it to recognize visual elements in fine art, Obvious artists Hugo Caselles-Dupre’ told Christie’s. The algorithm that eve ntually created an original image had two parts that worked against each other, called the Generator (that makes the art) and a Discriminator(that tries to spot the difference between human-created and AI-created images), Caselles-Dupre’ explained: they called this AI “generate adversarial network”(GAN), Casells-Dupre’ explained.GAN’s final image was then printed and framed, according to Obvious. At the bottome of the portrait is a mathematical formula(公式) representing the algorithm that created it, a nod to the relationship between the Generator and the Discriminator, Obvious artists wrote on the collective’s website.The goal of the painting and of Obvious, also co-founded by Hugo Caselles-Dupre and Gauthier Vernier, wasto prove “artificial intellige nce can do more than operate driverless cars or transform manufacturing---it can be creative,” Consumer News and Business Channel reported.Portraiture is a tough task for AI to take on, according to Christie’s, “since humans are highly accustomed to the c urves and complexities of a face in a way that a machine cannot be.” This difficulty was part of Obvious’ thinking when they created the portrait.“Edmond de Belamy” is one of eleven AI paintings made by Obvious.63. It can be learned from the passage th at the portrait “Edmond de Belamy”________.A. was sold at an unexpected high priceB. was the first artwork sold at an auctionC. is a painting created by means of brushD. is a man who once appeared at the auction64. To create a portrait, AI needs to ________.A. learn from plenty of imagesB. use an algorithm with many partsC. work against human paintersD. recognize its human programmers65. What can be conclude from the passage?A. The mathematical formula at the bottom of the portrait is meaningless.B. The portrait was made to prove algorithms are able to imitate creativityC. It is more difficult for AI to operate driverless cars than to paint a portrait.D. AI is better at painting the curves and complexities of a face than a human66. The passage mainly tells us that ________.A. AI will soon replace man in some fieldsB. an AI-created portrait sells high at an auctionC. a proper algorithm is the key for AI to create artD. AI-created paintings are better received at auctions56. D 57. C 58. C 59. B 60. D61. C 62. A 63. A 64. A 65. B 66. B3普陀区（C）Is Paperless Office Really Paperless?A rising economy increased paper sales by 6 yo 7 percent each year in the early to mid-1990s, and the convenience of desktop printing allowed office workers to indulge anything and everything. In 2004, Ms Dunn, a communications supplies director, said that plain white office paper would see less than a 4 percent growth rate, a primary reason for which is that some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices.For office innovators, the dream of paperless office is an example of high-tech arrogance（傲慢）. Today’s office service is overwhelmed By more newspapers than ever before. After decades of development, the American government can finally get rid of the madness on paper. In the past, the demand for paper has been far ahead of growth in the American economy, but the sales have slowed markedly over the past two to three years, despite the good economic conditions.“Old habits are hard to break,”says Ms. Dunn.“There are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesn’t work. Those funcitons are both its strength and its weakness.”Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair.“We’re finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being used per worker in the workplace,”says John Maine, vice presid ent of a paper economic consulting firm.“More information is being transmitted electronically, and an increasing number of people are satisfied that information exists only in electronic form without printing multiple backups.”To reduce paper use, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Marks can be erased or saved digitally. Even with such technological advances, the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper.“The information industry today is composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core,”Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core is far larger and growing more rapidly. The result is that we are becomign paperless, but we hardly notice at all.“That’s one of the greatest ironies of the information age,”Saffo says.“It’s just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phoen or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet.”63. Which of the following statements is NOT a reason for the slowdown in American paper sales?A. Workforce with better computer skills.B. Slow growth of the U.S. economy.C. Changing patterns in paper use.D. Changing employment trends.64. What does the last sentence in Para 3 mean?A. We have to look at paper consumption from different angles.B. There is little chance that paper consumption will fall in the digital age.C. Paper consumption will be greatly reduced in the digital age.D. People are no longer so addicted to paper in the digital age.65. The innovations from Xerox and other companies feature ___.A. the intergration of digital technology with traditional paperB. the chance from traditional paper to digital technologyC. the combination of the use of computer screens and cell phonesD. a new type of computer writing and communciation66. What can we draw from the example of the aviation industry in the last paragraph?A. The dream of the paperless office will be realized some day.B. People usually prefer to have face-to-face meetings instead of using computers.C. More digital data use leads to greater paper use in the digital time.D. Some people are no longer opposed to video-conferencing.56-59 C B D C 60-62 D C B 63-66 B B A C4青浦区(C)Medicine is the most noble of all the arts, but owing to the ignorance of those who practice it, and those who inconsiderately form a judgment of them, it is now far behind all the other arts. Their mistake appears to me to arise principally from the fact that there is no punishment for the practice of medicine except disgrace, and that does not hurt those who are familiar with it. Such persons are like the figures introduced in tragedies, for as they have the shape, and dress, and appearance of an actor, but are not actors, so also physicians are many in title but very few in reality.Whoever is to acquire a competent knowledge of medicine ought to possess the following advantages: a natural character; instruction; a favorable position for the study; early tuition; love of labor; leisure. First of all, a natural talent is required, for Nature leads the way to what is most excellent; then instruction in the art takes place,which the student must try to adopt by reflection, becoming an early pupil in a place well adapted for instruction. He must also bring to the task a love of labor and perseverance to ensure the instruction takes root.Instruction in medicine is like the culture of the productions of the earth. For our natural character, is, as it were, the soil; the principles of our teacher are, as it were, the seed. Instruction in youth is like the planting of the seed in the ground at the proper season. Diligent study is like the cultivation of the fields; and it is time which passes on strength to all things and brings them to maturity.Having brought all these essentials to the study of medicine, and having acquired a true knowledge of it, we shall thus, in travelling around, be respected physicians not only in name but in reality. Inexperience is a bad trait, and does harm to those who possess it, nurturing either timidity or audacity(胆大妄为). For timidity reveals a want of powers, and audacity a lack of skill. Physicians who are eager for power or those who are undertrained are not a blessing to a community.Those things which are sacred or noble, are to be delivered only to sacred persons; and it is wrong to import them to the profane until they have been initiated in the mysteries of the science.63. Based on paragraph 1, which of the following best characterizes bad physicians?A. They are greedy.B. They are pretenders.C. They are difficult to contact.D. They are the minority.64. According to paragraph 2, what must accompany the personal quality of a physician?A. A good education.B. A supportive family.C. Approval from the authority.D. Popularity in the community.65. If the author of the passage were to use a heading for each paragraph, which heading would fit best before paragraph 3?A. An Herbal Treatment.B. Medicine and Gardening.C. The Growth of a Physician.D. Understanding Agriculture First.66. Based on the under lined sentences in paragraph 5, what is the relationship between the words “sacred” and “profane”?A. The two words are exactly the same in meaning.B. The two words are similar in meaning.C. The two words are of the same root.D. The two words are opposites.56-59 BDBC 60-62 DBA 63-66 BACD5松江区(C)The Paris climate agreement finalised in December last year indicated a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while paying few of the costs such as climate changes impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the other hand, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority ofwhich are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Paris agreement has been widely considered as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as incomplete.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below” 2℃deserves to be praised but the emissions reduction promises submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants (暴君) or pioneers.63. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because ________.A. it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB. it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ onlyC. it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD. it burdens developed countries with the full responsibility64. Why does the author call some developed countries climate “free-riders”?A. They needn’t worry about the fo od and water they consume.B. They are better able to cope with the global climate change.C. They hardly pay anything for the problems they have caused.D. They are free from the greenhouse effects affecting “forced riders”.65. What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?A. It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B. There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C. There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D. It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.66. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?A. Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B. Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C. Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D. Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.(A) 56----59 CACD (B) 60----62 CBD (C) 63----66 ACBD6徐汇区CPhilosophy of Education is a label applied to the study of the purpose, process, nature and ideals of education. It can be considered a branch of both philosophy and education. Education can be defined as the teaching and learning of specific skills, and the imparting of knowledge, judgment and wisdom, and is something broader thanthe societal institution of education we often speak of.Many educationalists consider it a weak and imprecise field, too far removed from the practical applications of the real world to be useful. But philosophers dating back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks have given the area much thought and emphasis, and there is little doubt that their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia.Plato is the earliest important educational thinker, and education is an essential element in “The Republic” (his most important work on philosophy and political theory, written around 360 B.C.). In it, he advocates some rather extreme methods: removing children from their mothers’ care and raising them as wards of the state, and differentiating children suitable to the various castes(社会等级), the highest receiving the most education, so that they could act as guardians of the city and care for the less able. He believed that education should be holistic（全面的）, including facts, skills, physical discipline, music and art. Plato believed that talent and intelligence is not distributed genetically and thus is to be found in children born to all classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated minority of the population does not really follow a democratic model.Aristotle considered human nature, habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education, the ultimate aim of which should be to produce good and virtuous citizens. He proposed that teachers lead their students sys tematically, and that repetition be used as a key tool to develop good habits, unlike Socrates’ emphasis on questioning his listeners to bring out their own ideas. He emphasized the balancing of the theoretical and practical aspects of subjects taught, among which he clearly mentions reading, writing, mathematics, music, physical education, literature, history, and a wide range of sciences, as well as play, which he also considered important.During the period of Middle Age, the idea of Perennialism was first formulated by St. Thomas Aquinas in his work “De Magistro”. Perennialism holds that one should teach those things deemed to be of everlasting importance to all people everywhere, namely principles and reasoning, not just facts (which are apt to change over time), and that one should teach first about people, not machines or techniques. It was originally religious in nature, and it was only much later that a theory of worldly Perennialism developed.During the Renaissance（文艺复兴）, the French doubter Michel de Montaigne (1533 - 1592) was one of the first to critically look at education. Unusually for his time, Montaigne was willing to question the conventional wisdom of the period, calling into question the whole structure of the educational system, and the assumption that university-educated philosophers were necessarily wiser than uneducated farm workers, for example.56.Why do many educationists consider philosophy a ‘weak and imprecise field’?A. It is the practical applications of the real world.B. Its theoretical concepts are easily understood.C. It is irrelevant for education.D. It is not practically applicable.57.What is the difference between the approaches of Socrates and Aristotle?A. Aristotle felt the need for repetition to develop good habits in students; Socrates felt that studentsneed to be constantly questioned.B. Aristotle felt the need for rote-learning; Socrates emphasized on dialogic learning.C. There was no difference.D. Aristotle emphasized on the importance of paying attention to human nature; Socrates emphasizedupon science.58.According to the passage, the underlined word “Perennialism” most probably refers to something_____________A. that is unnecessary.B. that is of ceaseless importance.C. that is abstract and theoretical.D. that exists no more.59.Why did Aquinas propose a model of education which did not lay much emphasis on facts?A. Facts are not important.B. Facts do not lead to holistic education.C. Facts change with the changing times.D. Facts are frozen in time.56-59 ADCC 60-62 BAB 63-66 DABC7杨浦区区(C)You're walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps. Undoubtedly, it means that there's someone around. But have you ever wondered why it occurs to us that it's someone else's footsteps, not ours?According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September, this phenomenon arises from a function in our brain to ignore the noise we make ourselves.In order to explore how our brain does this, a group of scientists carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University. The research centered on an intuition (直觉) -- that we are usually unaware of the sound of our own footsteps -- as a vehicle for understanding larger neural（神经系统的）phenomena: how this behavior reveals the ability to monitor, recognize, and remember the sound of one's own movements in relation to those of their larger environments.In the experiment, researchers controlled the sounds a group of mice could hear, reported Science Daily. During the first several days, the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step. This was just like "running on a tiny piano with each key playing exactly the same note", senior study author Richard Mooney, a professor of neurobiology at Duke University, told Live Science.Scientists found that their auditory cortex(听觉皮层) -- the area of the brain that processes sound -- became active at first but decreased its response to the sound after two or three minutes when the mice became familiar with it."It's almost like they were wearing special headphones that could filter(过滤) out the sound of their own movements," David Schneider, an assistant professor at the Center for Neural Science at New York University, told HuffPost.But once the sound changed, their auditory cortex became active again. This suggests that the "sensory filter" in a mouse's brain could help it detect new sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds."For mice, this is really important," said Schneider. "They are prey animals, so they really need to be able to listen for a cat creeping up on them, even when they're walking and making noise.Being able to ignore the sounds of one's own movements is likely important for humans as well. But the ability to predict the sounds of our own actions is also important for more complex human behaviors such as speaking or playing an instrument."When we learn to speak or to play music, we predict what sounds we're going to hear -- such as when we prepare to strike keys on a piano -- and we compare this to what we actually hear," explains Schneider. "We use mismatches between expectation and experience to change how we play -- and we get better over time because our brain is trying to minimize these errors."63. What can be discovered about mice in the experiment?A. Their brain responds inactively to the familiar sounds.B. They are able to detect sounds other animals don't notice.C. They cannot identify different sounds except their own footsteps.D. Different areas of their brain are responsible for different sounds.64. What’s the function of the sensory filter?A. Getting used to abnormal or unfamiliar sounds.B. Ignoring the sounds made by our companions.C. Identifying the sounds from a larger environment.D. Being sensitive to the sounds of our own movement.65. Why can a good symphony conductor immediately recognize it when a wrong note is played?A. He has the ability to match the wrong note with the instrument player.B. He has an intuition that he should ignore the sound of his own movement.C. He has a low expectation and knows where players are likely to make errors.D. He has a good prediction of how each note should be played in the orchestra.66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Noise-filtering ability ensures us a quiet and undisturbed environment.B. The ability to ignore familiar noises helps to detect potential dangers.C. The activeness of auditory cortex determines our activity performance.D. Sound-predicting ability seems not so important for humans as for animals.56-59 A D D D 60-62 D C B 63-66 A C D B8长宁区（C)The term ‘dark tourism’ is far newer than the practice, which long predates Pompeii's emergence as a dark attraction. Dr Philip Stone, perhaps the world's leading academic expert on dark tourism, considers the Roman Colosseum to be one of first dark tourist sites, where people travelled long distances to watch death as sport. Later, until the late 18" century, the appeal was crueler still in central London, where people paid money to sit in grandstands to watch mass hangings. Dealers would sell pies at the site, which was roughly where Marble Arch stands today.It was only in 1996 that ‘dark tourism' entered the scholarly vocabulary when two academics in Glasgow。
