《英语语言文学基础》（150分）
（一）考核目标
考查考生是否掌握了文学、文化、语言学及翻译理论方面的基本知识，是否阅读过与本专业相关的文学作品，是否对本专业的学科研究背景有初步了解。
（二）考试主要范围
内容及比例：
1）文学30分
2）文化30分
3）语言学30分
4）翻译理论基础30分
5）书评或作家简评2篇（或各1篇）30分（各350—400词）
（三）题型及分值:
按专题分成五个部分，1）—4）部分包含下列题型：
名词解释5题（15分）
简答3题（15分）
完型 鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入无现金社会,实现完全电子支付。然而，真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。事实上,这样的预测已经出现二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。例如,1975年《商业周刊》预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的定义”，并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。为何人们进入无现金社会的速度如此缓慢呢？ 尽管电子支付手段可能比纸币支付方式更加高效，然而以下几个方面解释了纸币系统“不会”消失的原因。第一，使电子货币成为最主要的支付方式必须的设备包括电脑、读卡器和电信网络，而安装这些设备价格昂贵。第二，纸质支票有提供收据这一优势，这是消费者不愿放弃的。第三，使用纸质支票可以让开票人多几天让钱“悬浮”在帐户里，对方得花上几天才能凭支票取现，这也就是意味着开票方又多赚了几天利息钱。而由于电子支票是即时的，因此也就没有这种优势。第四，电子支付方式还有可能存在安全和隐私隐患。 我们曾多次听到媒体报道说某个非法黑客入侵了用户的数据库并且篡改了里面的信息。这种情况时有发生，这也意味着别有用心之人可能侵入电子支付系统，盗取别人的银行帐号而盗款成功。要防止这类诈骗并非易事，正在研发新的电脑科学领域来处理该类安全问题。此外，人们对于电子支付方式的担忧在于进行电子交易之后所留下的包含个人信息的痕迹。人们担心政府部门，雇员和市场营销人员会看到这些数据，侵犯个人隐私。 Text1 在一篇名为(entitled)《成功（make it）在美国》的文章中，作者亚当·戴维森讲述(relate)了这样一个源自棉花出产国的笑话，笑话是关于现代纺织(textile)作坊(mill)已高度自动化(automate)：现如今，一家普通作坊里只有两名员工，“一个人和一条狗，人在作坊里是为了喂狗，狗在作坊里是为了使人远离(away from)机器。”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reaso n we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which a re more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.最近出现了很多(a number of)类似戴维森所写的文章，它们都表明了这样一种看法(make a point)：之所以失业人数(unemployment)居高难下(stubbornly high)和中产阶级(middle-class)收入(income)持续下降，原因是全球化与信息技术革命已经取得了诸多进步，它们使得机器和国外员工在取代(replace..with)本国劳动力(labor)方面比以往任何时候都要迅速。 以往，具有一般技术、从事一般工作的员工可以赚得(earn)普通的生活。但现如今，普通人才正式地过时了(officially)。继续普通无法再让你过上以前的生活，其原因是当下更多的雇主可以用(have access to)比普通还要低廉的价格，来雇佣国外员工，购买机器人(robotics)和软件(software)，实现自动化(automation)，获得天才(genus)。因此，每个人都需要挖掘身上额外的东西-来让他们做出独特的、有价值的贡献，这种贡献会让他们脱颖而出(stand out),不管他们身处什么工作领域(field of employment)。 确实，新科技在过去、现在和将来都在“吞噬”工作岗位，但这种“吞噬”速度已经提高了。正如戴维森所指出(note)：“（美国）工厂裁员(shed workers)速度是如此之快，以至于从1999到2009十年间裁员人数超过了之前70年新增员工人数的总和；大约有1/3的制造业工作岗位——总约600万——消失了。 未来，改变会一直存在——新工作、新产品和新服务。但我们肯定(know for sure)的一件事情是：随着全球化和信息技术革命所取得的每一个进步，那些最好的工作都将需要劳动者们接受更多、更好的教育，以使他们优于普通员工。 生活在普通人才已正式过时的世界中，我们有很多的事情需要做来扶持就业(employment)，但其中最重要的是为21世纪通过某种“士兵教育促就业法案（于1944年通
2019年MBA/MPA考研英语（二）真题及答案Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 ,when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was bad to my overall fitness goals. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level,strength and inches lost For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for meto_ 11 _ my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I'm constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I'm experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I've also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I'm training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale. Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level. 1. [A] Besides [B] Therefore [C]Otherwise [D] However 2. [A] helps [B]cares [C]warns [D] reduces 3. [A] initially [B] solely [C] occasionally [D] formally 4. [A] recording [B] lowering [C] explaining [D] accepting 5. [A] modify [B] set [C]review [D] reach 6. [A] definition [B] depiction [C] distribution [D] prediction 7. [A] due to [B]regardless of [C] aside from [D] along with 8. [A] orderly [B] rigid [C] precise [D] immediate 9. [A] claims [B]judgments [C] reasons [D] methods 10. [A] instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed 11. [A] report [B] share [C] share [D] share 12. [A] depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for 13. [A] prepare [B]share [C]share [D] share 14. [A] results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests 15. [A] bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D] sick 16. [A] principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign 17. [A] request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish 18. [A] disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming 1
最近几年招生人数较多的院校排名如下： 川外250人， 上外222人， 广外209人， 西外195人， 北外168人， 中南大学135人， 西南大学120人， 湖南大学115人， 天外110人， 大连外国语学院110人， 上海外事学院110人， 上海外贸大学105人， 北二外101人， 中山大学95人， 华中师大94人， 武大85人， 中国海洋大学85人， 北经贸80人， 长沙理工76人， 南京师大73人， 吉林大学72人。 – 1.初试 –１、考试科目：政治、二外、基础英语(包括写作与翻译) (分值150分) 、英美文学、语言学(有的学校不分专业方向, 只考基础英语和专业知识) (分值150分) – 2、初试总分要求：大约350分（各校情况不一样）; 允许有一科成绩不及格，但不能低于某个分数(比如55分)。 –参考书目(好些学校不列参考书) ２、复试 –参加复试与录取的比例：1.2:1 –考试科目：听力和口试 –成绩计算：初试分数加上复试分数 如何备考 –英语专业考研试题的特点： –一是题量大， 二是对基础能力、基础知识要求很高， 三是知识涵盖面广， 四是各个学校对知识点考核的差异很大。 –这就要求考生在复习时应该提早准备，扎扎实实的打好基础。 考研参考书目
–英语语言学的复习用书： 胡壮麟的《语言学教程》 刘润清、文旭的《新编语言学教程》 桂诗春的《应用语言学》 戴伟栋的《简明英语语言学教程》等 –英美文学的复习用书： 罗经国的《新编英国文学选读》 常耀信的《美国文学简史》、《美国文学选读》 张伯香的《英美文学选读》、《英国文学教程》 陈嘉的《英国文学史》 杨岂深的《英国文学选读》 吴伟仁的《英国文学史及选读》和《美国文学史及选读》 刘炳善的《英国文学简史》 –英语国家文化的复习用书： 王佐良《欧洲文化入门》、朱永涛、余志远《英美文学基础教程》、《英语国家概况》等 –翻译方面的复习用书： 冯庆华《实用翻译教程》 郭著章《翻译教程》
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points） Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been2for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic only to 4itself several means of payment “would s oon revolutionize the very3of money itself,” years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so5in coming? Although e money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work6the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very7to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they9receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to10. Third, the use of paper checks it takes several days11a check is cashed and funds gives consumers several days of “float”— are12from the issuer s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime.13electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may14security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15there. The fact that this is not an16occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and17from someone else s accounts. The18of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic20that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy. 1. ［A］However
2017复旦大学英语语言文学（050201） 基础英语708 1.English-Chinese translation (50 points) A passage about Balzac’s work. (I think it’s about 400 words.) 2.Chinese-English translation (50 points) 老舍《养花》 我爱花，所以也爱养花。我可还没成为养花专家，因为没有工夫去作研究与试验。我只把养花当作生活中的一种乐趣，花开得大小好坏都不计较，只要开花，我就高兴。在我的小院中，到夏天，满是花草，小猫儿们只好上房去玩耍，地上没有它们的运动场。 花虽多，但无奇花异草。珍贵的花草不易养活，看着一棵好花生病欲死是件难过的事。 我不愿时时落泪。北京的气候，对养花来说，不算很好。冬天冷，春天多风，夏天不是干旱就是大雨倾盆；秋天最好，可是忽然会闹霜冻。在这种气候里，想把南方的好花养活，我还没有那么大的本事。因此，我只养些好种易活、自己会奋斗的花草。 不过，尽管花草自己会奋斗，我若置之不理，任其自生自灭，它们多数还是会死了的。 我得天天照管它们，象好朋友似的关切它们。一来二去，我摸着一些门道：有的喜阴，就别放在太阳地里，有的喜干，就别多浇水。这是个乐趣，摸住门道，花草养活了，而且三年五载老活着、开花，多么有意思呀！不是乱吹，这就是知识呀！多得些知识，一定不是坏事。 3.Writing (50 points) Nowadays there exists less and less idealists in China. Chinese people, especially the young generation, are now becoming the slaves of houses and children. People are losing their dreams and consider them as impossible to realize. But Gao Xiaosong once said, “Life is about poetry and faraway places.” What do you think of this idea? Write a text for about 500 words, and please think of a title for it.
2013年考研英语二真题及答案详解 说明：由于试题一题多卷，因此选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序，请在核对答案时注意题目和选项内容。 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming? Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam i nterest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We o ften hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy. 1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise 2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around 3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role 4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse 5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady 6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on
英语语言文学专业深度分析 一、学科概况 英语语言文学是外国语言文学下属的一个二级学科。英语是联合国工作语言之一，是世界上最通用的语言，也是我国学习人数最多的外语语种。英语语言文学是我国设置最早的外语专业之一。 英语语言学的发展趋势体现了语言学的发展趋势，具体表现为以下特点：由纯描写性研究转向以解释为目的的研究，由侧重英语本身特点的孤立研究转为侧重语言普遍性的比较研究，由侧重语言形式的研究转为形式和语义并重的研究，由对语言结构的研究扩展到对语言的习得、功能和应用的研究，由对英语的语音、词汇、语法、历史、方言等传统领域的研究发展到对英语的各个方面及相关领域的全面研究。目前英语语言学的主要分支学科包括音位学、形态学、句法学、文体学、历史语言学；语言学的其他主要分支学科，如语义学、语用学、话语分析、篇章语言学应用语言学、社会语言学、心理语言学等，也主要基于对英语的研究。 二、培养目标 应具有坚实的英语语言文学的基础理论和系统的专业知识，了解本学科的当前状况和发展趋势；具有严谨、求实的学风和独立从事科学研究工作的能力，学位论文应有新的见解；熟练掌握所学语言，第二外国语应具有一定的口、笔语能力及阅读与本专业有关书刊的能力；能熟练运用计算机和互联网络进行科研工作。 三、研究方向 研究范围包括语言学，文学，社会文化，翻译理论和实践等。 各个招生单位具体研究方向略有不同，以北京语言大学为例 01英国文学 02美国文学 03西方文论 04西方文化研究 05中西文学比较研究 四、考试科目 各个招生单位考试科目略有不同，以北京语言大学为例 ①101思想政治理论 ②242二外日语或243二外法语或244二外德语 ③722基础英语 ④824英美文学 五、课程设置 基础理论课: a．普通语言学：语言的本质、结构、功能、语言研究的对象、目的、方法，主要学派及其理论； b．西方文艺理论：从柏拉图到20世纪的西方文论； c．世界文学：东西方文学发展史及流派；
2019考研英语（二）真题及答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 . As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals. I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost. For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program. I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake. The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-be ing. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater
北大英语语言文学考研参考书目一览 本文系统介绍北大英语语言文学考研难度，北大英语语言文学考研就业，北大英语语言文学考研学费，北大英语语言文学考研辅导，北大英语语言文学考研参考书五大方面的问题，凯程北大老师给大家详细讲解。特别申明，以下信息绝对准确，凯程就是王牌的北大考研机构！ 五、北大英语语言文学考研参考书是什么 北京大学没有指定英语语言文学考研考研参考书目，凯程老师根据多年的辅导经验及学员反馈，推荐北京大学英语语言文学考研研究生参考教材如下： （1）、作品部分： The Norton Anthology of English Literature The Norton Anthology of American Literature The Norton Anthology of Western Literature 关于长篇小说：考生可以根据自己的兴趣方向阅读和熟悉英国十八世纪以来以及美国十九世纪以来有关主要作家的主要作品，能够根据小说原文的具体内容进行文本解读与理论阐释，请不要依赖各类文学史里面的简单介绍。某些作家作品的背景可以参考上海外语教育出版社影印出版的剑桥文学指南丛书。 （2）、文学理论部分： Adams, Hazard and Leroy Searle. Eds. Critical Theory Since Plato. 3rd ed. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1992. [或北京大学出版社2006年影印版] Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction. 2nd ed. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1996. [或外语教学与研究出版社2004年影印版] 李赋宁主编：《欧洲文学史》共三卷4册，商务印书馆 罗经国：《新编英国文学选读》2卷本，北京大学出版社 陈嘉：《英国文学作品选读》2卷本，商务印书馆 李宜燮、常耀信主编：《美国文学选读》2卷本，南开大学出版社 以上参考书实际复习的时候，请按照凯程老师指导的重点进行复习，有些内容是不考的，帮助你减轻复习压力，提高复习效率。 四、北大英语语言文学考研辅导班有哪些？ 对于北大考研辅导班，业内最有名气的就是凯程。很多辅导班说自己辅导北大考研，您直接问一句，北大英语语言文学考研考研参考书有哪些，大多数机构瞬间就傻眼了，或者推脱说我们有专门的专业课老师给学生推荐参考书，为什么当场答不上来，因为他们根本就没有辅导过北大考研，更谈不上有北大的考研辅导资料、考上北大的学生了。 在业内，凯程的北大考研辅导非常权威，基本是考北大的同学们都了解凯程，尤其是业内赫赫有名的五道口金融学院，50%以上的学员都来自凯程教育的辅导。凯程有系统的辅导讲义和应试题库与解析，也有系统的考研辅导班，及对北大北大深入的理解，在北大有深厚的人脉，及时的考研信息。不妨同学们实地考察一下。 三、北大英语语言文学考研学费介绍 北大英语语言文学考研学费总额2.4万元，学制3年，按学年缴纳学费。 英语语言文学专业培养具备文艺理论素养和系统的汉语言文学知识，能在新闻文艺出版部门、高校、科研机构和机关企事业单位从事文学评论、汉语言文学教学与研究工作，以及
13年考研英语二真题答案 Section I Use of English 1. However 2. around 3. concept 4. reverse 5. slow 6. against 7. expensive 8. dominant 9. provide 10. give up 11. before 12. withdrawn 13. Because 14. raise 15. stored 16. uncommon 17. steal 18. prevention 19. cope with 20. trail 【点评】 2013考研英语二完形填空文章节选自论文The Root of All Evil，原文名称Are we moving to a Cashless Society? 文章探讨电子金融的发展会否使社会走向无现金化。文章首先指出无现金流通暂时还不会实现并对其不能实现的原因进行了说明。第一个原因是电脑、读卡系统、电子流通网络等使得电子金融得以顺畅的基础设施太贵；二是纸质支票本身有许多便利；三是纸质支票目前给客户提供一个兑现的周期。文章重点讲了第四个原因是电子金融可能导致个人隐私安全问题。 本次完形文章难度及题目难度与往年持平，考察对英语文章上下文逻辑关系的把握能力以及
对词汇的理解和辨析能力。完形填空是考研英语各题型中难度较大的题型，也是能够考察考生英语综合能力的题型。对于14年考生老说，平时要养成良好的做题习惯，多加训练，切勿因为完形填空分值低而放弃这一题型，这样才能保证总分高。 Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Text 1 21. the impact of technological advances 22. contribute something unique 23. job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed 24. to ensure more education for people 25. Average is Over 【点评】 文章来自《纽约时报》，文章名为Average is over。本文主要是讲科技变革对整个社会的工作量、工作人员等的影响。本篇文章难度不大。文章开篇先用一个笑话引出科技的提高直接导致需雇佣的人减少，紧接着进一步指出正是机器替代人工劳动力造成高失业率。然后提出公司员工要想在这种情况下赢得高薪工作，与以往相比，员工不能甘于平庸，而要有所特殊贡献。一方面新技术导致越来越多的工作岗位被取缔，另一方面新技术也创造了许多新的工作机会、新的产品和新的服务，这样的变化要求更多的人受教育，以满足这些工作的需求。最后，作者提出政府应该提出解决如何让美国更多人能够受到高等教育的问题。 除25题为主旨题外，其余均为细节题。考生在做题过程中要注意根据段落指示，具体定位到该段仔细查找，答案不难找到。这里提醒考生的是细节题建议一定先读题干和选项，后确定答案出自原文，不可有主观意识。另外，21题稍微需要考生将第一段和第二段首句两者相互对照进行归纳阅读，得出结论。 Text 2 26. stay in a foreign temporarily 27. should be adopted to meet challenges 28. the freedom to stay and leave 29. with legal tolerance 30. legal or illegal: big mistake
一、类型词 1.经济： economic globalization(经济全球化), sustainable development(可持续发展)，unfair competition(不正当竞争)，crack down on fake commodities (打假)， boom(繁荣)， fierce competition(激烈竞争)， credit crisis(信用危机)， stabilize prices (稳定物价)，virtual economy(虚拟经济) 2.文化： great and profound (博大精深的)，integration and interaction(融合交汇)，crash(碰撞)，charming(极具魅力的)，splendid(壮丽辉煌的)，English fever(英语热) 3.环保： environment- friendly(生态型的，环保的)，threat of global warming(全球变暖的威胁), promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth(促进经济体制和经济增长方式的转变)，curb environmental pollution/ bring the pollution under control(治理环境污染)，develop renewable resources (开发可再生资源)，a low-carbon economy (低碳经济) 4.科技： science and technology(科学技术)，web-addiction(沉迷网络)， computer crime(电脑犯罪)， e-commerce(电子商务)， virtual life (虚拟生活)，information era(信息时代)，cyber romance(网恋)，surf the Internet(网上冲浪)，因特网 the Internet (一定要由冠词，字母I 大写)，artificial intelligence(人工智能) 5.就业： applicant(申请人)， position available/ vacant position(空缺职位)，competent(能胜任的), be qualified for(合格的), proficiency(熟练程度)，job