范德华力

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Theoretical study of the electronic excitations of free-base porphyrin–Ar2 van der

Waals complexes

Ryoichi Fukuda and Masahiro Ehara

Citation: The Journal of Chemical Physics 139, 074303 (2013); doi: 10.1063/1.4818277

View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4818277

View Table of Contents: http://scitation.aip.org/content/aip/journal/jcp/139/7?ver=pdfcov

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111.115.46.30 On: Mon, 23 Dec 2013 02:54:15THEJOURNALOFCHEMICALPHYSICS139,074303(2013)

Theoreticalstudyoftheelectronicexcitationsoffree-baseporphyrin–Ar2vanderWaalscomplexes

RyoichiFukuda1,2,a)andMasahiroEhara1,21InstituteforMolecularScienceandResearchCenterforComputationalScience,38Nishigo-naka,Myodaiji,Okazaki444-8585,Japan2ElementsStrategyInitiativeforCatalystsandBatteries(ESICB),KyotoUniversityKatsura,Kyoto615-8520,Japan

(Received30April2013;accepted30July2013;publishedonline19August2013)

Theintermolecularinteractionoffree-baseporphine(FBP)–Ar2andfree-basetetraazaporphyrin

(FBPz)–Ar2vanderWaals(vdW)complexeswascalculatedinthegroundstateandverticalex-

citationsthatcorrespondtotheQ-andB-bandsusingthemany-bodywavefunctiontheoryofthe

symmetry-adaptedcluster-configurationinteraction(SAC-CI)methodandtime-dependentdensity

functionaltheory(TDDFT).Forthe11B3ustateofFBP–Ar2ablueshift(high-energyshift)ofexcita-

tionenergywascalculatedusingtheSAC-CImethod;suchablueshiftwasnotobtainedbyTDDFT

calculations.Thiscalculatedblueshiftcorrespondstotheexperimentallyobservedblueshiftinthe

Qx-bandofFBPforFBP–Arncomplexes.ForFBPz–Ar2,blueshiftsoftheQ-bandwerenotob-

tainedusingSAC-CIandTDDFT.ThesebehaviorsoftheenergyshiftoftheQ-bandscouldnot

beexplainedbythepointdipole–pointdipoleinteractionmodel.Largeredshifts(low-energyshift)

wereobtainedfortheB-bandstates(21B3uand21B2u)ofFBPandFBPz.Theenergyshiftshowed

theinversesixth-powerdependenceontheintermoleculardistance.Thepointdipole–pointdipole

interactionmodelcandescribetheredshiftoftheB-band.Fortheexcitedstatesthatexhibitlarge

redshifts,theTDDFTcanqualitativelydescribethevdWinteractionintheexcitedstatesbysuper-

molecularcalculations.ThesolvatochromicshiftsforFBPandFBPzinanArmatrixwereexamined

bythelinear-responsepolarizablecontinuummodelandTDDFT.Themagnitudeofcalculatedsol-

vatochromicredshiftsisproportionaltothesquareofthetransitiondipolemoment.©2013AIP

PublishingLLC.[http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4818277]

I.INTRODUCTION

VanderWaals(vdW)interactionofmoleculesintheir

electronicexcitedstatesissignificantnotonlyforspec-

troscopyofsmallmolecularcomplexesingasphaseorrare

gasmatricesbutalsoforspectroscopyandphotochemistry

ofmoleculesincondensedphases.1–3Thedispersionforceis

thedominantoriginofthevdWinteraction;therefore,many-

bodytheoriesarenecessaryforitsproperdescription.4–9For

estimatingtheground-statevdWinteraction,efficientandad-

equatelyaccuratemethodshavebeendevelopedwithinthe

frameworkofdensityfunctionaltheory(DFT)thatconsider

empiricalcorrectionsofdispersionforce,referredtoasthe

DFT-Dmethod.10–15Intheexcitedstates,itisnecessaryto

considerthestate-specificcharacterofthedispersionforce;

however,usualDFT-Dandtime-dependentdensityfunctional

theory(TDDFT)strategiesdonottakeintoaccountsucha

state-specificdispersionforce.Recently,IkabataandNakai

proposedatheoryfordispersioninteractioninexcitedstates16

basedonthelocalresponsedispersionmethod17anddiffer-

encedensitymatrixobtainedbyTDDFT.Inthismethod,how-

ever,theorthogonalitybetweenelectronicstatescannotbe

imposed.Theorthogonalityissignificanttodiscussrelatively

smallenergeticssuchasvdWinteraction.Therefore,wave-

a)fukuda@ims.ac.jpfunctiontheoriesarestillrequiredforunderstandingthevdW

interactionofexcitedstates.

Thesymmetry-adaptedcluster(SAC)andSAC-

configurationinteraction(SAC-CI)method,18,19andthe

equation-of-motion(EOM)coupled-clusterwithsingle

anddoubleexcitations(CCSD)(Ref.20)canconsiderthe

dynamicalelectroncorrelationinexcitedstateswithadequate

accuracywithinacceptablecomputationalcosts.Mostof

thevdWinteractionenergieswouldbetransferablebetween

thegroundandexcitedstates;therefore,theSAC/SAC-CIor

CCSD/EOM-CCSDcombinedwithCCSD(T)(CCSDwith

noniterativetripleexcitation)orotherground-statetheories

couldveryaccuratelyestimatevdWinteractioninexcited

states.21

Inthisstudy,weexaminedfree-baseporphine(FBP)–Ar2andfree-basetetraazaporphyrin(FBPz)–Ar2vdWcomplexes

usingtheSAC/SAC-CImethod.Theelectronictransitionsof

FBParewellknown.TwoQ-bands(theQx-andQy-bands)

areobservedinthevisibleregion,andastrongB-band(Soret

band)isobservedintheultraviolet(UV)region.TheQx-and

Qy-bandscorrespondtothe11B3uand11B2ustates,respec-