(完整版)英语句子翻译技巧.doc
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英语句子翻译技巧
以下浅英的几点技巧。
第一,翻注意英文的句型,英文的句型一般来有相的中文法。如 It的句型的翻:
(1)It is+名十从句:
It is a fact that
It is a question that It is good news that ⋯事是⋯⋯
⋯⋯⋯是个
⋯⋯⋯是好消息
it is common knowledge⋯⋯⋯是常
(2)It is+去分十从句:
It is said that⋯据⋯⋯
I t must be pointed out that ⋯必指出⋯⋯
It is asserted that ⋯有人主⋯⋯
It is supposed that ⋯据推⋯⋯
It is believed that ⋯据信⋯⋯
It must be admitted that ⋯必承⋯⋯
It is reported that ⋯据道⋯⋯
It will be seen from ii that ⋯由此可⋯⋯
It has been proved that ⋯已明⋯⋯
It is general1y considered that ⋯人普遍⋯⋯(3)It is+形容十从句:
It is necessary that It is likely that
It is clear that
It is important that
⋯有必要⋯⋯⋯很可能⋯⋯
⋯很清楚⋯⋯
⋯重要的是⋯⋯
(4)It +不及物十从句:
It follows that⋯由此可⋯⋯
It happens that⋯碰巧⋯⋯
It turne d out that⋯果是⋯⋯
第二,注意英被句的翻。英文的被句常用主句表达,如:
You are requested to give a performance
英文的被句成的主句:你我表演一个目。英文中被意也可以用中含有主意的句子来表达。常成“被”、“由”、“受”、
“ ⋯所”等等。例如:What is feared as failure in American society is ,above all , loneliness. (在美国社会中作失而人所恐惧的,莫于孤独了。)
第三,注意句的翻。首先不要被句吓住,即使是很的句子,也是由最基本
的成分成。分析句子的基本成分,主、、、状。抓住主干部分,然后逐次分析各
意思以及相互的、法关系,再行翻。得注意的是关系分句的翻。关系分句主
要功能是作名()的后置修(即定),但除作名修外,关系分句可起其他作
用,比如起状分句和并列分句的作用,因此成要注意,限定性关系分句翻因
英文置于名后,将其置于先行( antecedent )的前,使其成有“的”字的定句
子,如: I want a wife who will work and send me to school. (我想要个既能工作又
能送我上学的老婆)。有的句子,前置会得累,或不符合的,我翻将从句后置,把它翻成跟主
句平行的并列句。如: I want a wife who will not trouble me with a wife's
duties but a1ways listens to me.(我想要个老婆,她不会以妻子的来
打我,而是始听命于我。)
非限制性关系分句和它的先行之有比松散的关系。就其意上来,在句子中
有相当于二个并列分句,有在上起状分句的作用,翻可将其后置成并列句,
例如:
The sun warms the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow. (太阳温暖了大地,才使植物有可能生。)也可以完全脱离主句,成独
立句。如: She was very patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was. (她孩子很耐心,她丈夫却很少。)
Exercises : Put the following into Chinese:
①I t is reported that they have found another star.
②It happens that I have my check-book with me.
③It is likely that he will succeed.
④It is a question that we arrive before l0 o'clock.
⑤She was advised to take the medicine。
⑥s he told me that a big reservoir was being built in her hometown.
⑦I'll never forget the day when l came to the University.
⑧Yesterday I saw a wonderful film,which was about World War II.
Key to the exercises :
①据道,他又了一星。
②碰巧我着支票簿。
③很可能他将成功。
④我必十点前到达是个。
⑤她被告吃。
⑤她告诉我她的家乡正在建造一个大型水库。
⑦我将永远不会忘记我来这所大学的那一天。
⑧昨晚我看了一部精彩的电影,是关于二次世界大战的。
一、句子翻译的类型
初中阶段的句子翻译题主要指类型有:①根据汉语提示补全句子语提示词语,写出语法正确的句子所给提示词 ,将下列各句译成英语;"将汉语句子译成英语 " ,其常见的
(每空一词 );②根据汉语意思和英(所给的英文必须都用上 );③根据④根据部分汉语提示完成句子等。
二、句子翻译的技巧
I.认真审题,确定词义。
审题包括 " 审" 英语、汉语两部分内容。审英语部分时 (跳过空格 ) 读一下已经给出的那一部分,然后再仔细分析一下要求翻译的英语;审汉语部分时,了解汉语句子 (或所给的汉语部分 )所要表达的意思,然后联想一下相关词汇和句型,再考虑时态、词形变化、人称与数的一致性等问题。例如:
这是一辆英国的轿车。
This is _______ _______ car.
【分析】根据此题所给的汉语句子和英语句子中所留的两个空格可知,本题应填 " 一辆英国式的 " ,其中包含两个单词,即 an/a English ;不过这里又涉及到不定冠词 an/a 用法,a 用于以辅音音素