专业八级-252(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION AIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and anther ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note taking.At **panies and industries like tosponsor sports events. Two reasons are put forwardto explain this phenomenon. The first reason is thatthey get (1) ______ throughout the world. Thesecond (1)______reason is **panies and industries (2)______ (2)______money, as they get reductions in the tax they owe ifthey sponsor sports or arts activities.As sponsorship is (3) ______, carefulthinking (3)______is required in deciding which events to sponsor. It isimportant that the event to be sponsored (4)______ (4)______the product(s) to be promoted. That is, the right(5) ______ and maximum product coverage mustbe (5)______guaranteed in the event.Points to be considered in sports sponsorship.Popularity of the eventInternational sports events are big (6)______ event, (6)______which get extensive coverage on TV and in thepress. Smaller events attract fewer people.Identification of the potential audienceAiming at the right audience is most important forsmaller events. The right audience would attractmanufacturers of other related products like(7)______,etc.(7)______Advantages of sponsorshipAdvantages are longer-term.People are expected to respond (8)______ tothe (8)______products promoted and be more likely to buy them.Advertising is (9) ______ themind. (9)______Sponsorship is better than straight advertising:a) less(10)______ (10)____ __b) tax-freeSSS_FILL1.该问题分值: 1答案:known[听力原文]1-10It is common nowadays **panies and industries to sponsor big sports events. For example, **panies sponsored the 8th National Games held in Shanghai in 1997. Then, what exactly do companies and industries get out of sponsoring big sports events, such as international games7 And why do they do so?There. is an obvious answer and a not so obvious one. The obvious answer is that they get known worldwide, particularly if they are the principal sponsor of an event. This is especially important when you consider the number of countries around the world that might show the event on TV. The not so obvious answer is that sponsorship can help firms to save money.Then how can they save money in this way? Companies can claim expenditures on sponsorship or "support to sport and thwarts" against the amount of tax that they owe. So, if they are going to have to pay tax any way, why not spend the money on promoting their name or product?However, sponsorship is surely a very expensive business. So, how does one decide which events or activities to support? Companies spend a lot of time making sure that they have a perfect match between the prod ucts to be represented and the activity that needs sponsorship. Basically, companies have to make sure that the image is right and that the product gets maximum coverage through the event. I mean, you wouldn't expect a company whose product has a young international image to sponsor a sport that has a following amongolder people. There are all sorts of reasons be hind sponsorship. That's what the game's about for those who are trying to sell it.There are some important points to consider before agreeing to sponsor an event. First and foremost, I suppose, is the popularity of the event—in global terms, I mean. Events like the World Cup and the Olympics have businesses queuing up to offer sponsorship. There are the big media events: hours and hours of TV and satellite coverage guaranteed all over the world, as well as press coverage and the possibility of photographs that in some way advertise your product. Most events aren't quite like that, though. I suppose you've got the national games every four years in China. But most events appeal to only a limited proportion of the potential audience—tennis, for example. Most of the audience there is young, so products for the young are the ones that you would associate with the event.Then how do you match up the product with the event? The most important thing with the smaller event is to identify the audienceit's going to appeal to—in this instance, tennis and young people. That should attract drinks manufacturers, sports fashion designers, cosmetics producers, and so on. Then you look at the potential coverage in the media. It's the sort of event that might attract Coca-Cola or Pepsi—maybe even McDonalds.In sponsoring sports events, it is not just the media coverage that matters. The important question is whether the people who've either been to the event or read about it in the press will be more likely to buy your product as a result. A lot of the advantages of investment in sponsorship are longer-term. People who have possibly read about or watched an event on TV may not even be able to tell you who was sponsoring the event, yet will react favorably if asked to comment on products marketed by the **pany. They have been conditioned in some way. Conditioning the mind is what advertising is about. Believe it or not, straight advertising is a far more expensive way of promoting your image than sponsorship, and what's more, sponsorship is mostly tax-free.To sum up, today we have talked about sponsorship of sports events by companies: the reasons behind and a few related points. I hope this will help you gain some insight into the issue.SSS_FILL2.该问题分值: 1答案:saveSSS_FILL3.该问题分值: 1答案:expensive/costlySSS_FILL 4.该问题分值: 1答案:matchSSS_FILL 5.该问题分值: 1答案:imageSSS_FILL 6.该问题分值: 1答案:mediaSSS_FILL 7.该问题分值: 1答案:cosmetics/drinksSSS_FILL 8.该问题分值: 1答案:favorablySSS_FILL 9.该问题分值: 1答案:conditioningSSS_FILL10.该问题分值: 1答案:expensive/costlySECTION BQuestions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the inter view you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions .Now listen to the interview.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.What was education like in Professor Wang's days?A Students worked very hard.B Students felt they needed a second degree.C Education was not career-oriented.D There were many specialized subjects.该问题分值: 1答案:C[听力原文]1-5Nancy: Good evening. I'm Nancy Johnson: The guest on our radio talk this evening is Professor Wang Gongwu. Hello, Professor Wang. Wang: Hello.Nancy: Professor Wang. You are now professor emeritus of Australian National University, and in your long academic career, you've worn many hats as tutor, lecturer, department head, dean, professor and vice chancellor. However, as I know, you are still very fond of your university days as a student.Wang: That's right. That was in 1949. The university I went to was a brand new university then and the only one in the country at that time. When I look back, it was an amazingly small university, and we knew everybody.Nancy: How did the students like you, for example, study then? Wang: We did not study very hard, because we did not have to. We didn't have all this **petition that you have today.Nancy: Emm.Wang: We were always made to feel that getting a first degree in the arts faculty was not preparation for a profession. It was a general education. We were not under any pressure to decide on our careers. And we had such a good time. We were left very much on our own. And we were encouraged to make things happen.Nancy: What do you see is the most striking difference in the present day education since then?Wang: University education has changed dramatically since those days. Things are very specialized today.Nancy: Yes, definitely so. And in your subsequent career experience as an educator, and later administrator in various institutions of higher education in Asia and elsewhere, Professor Wang, you have repeatedly noted that one has to look at the development of education in one particular country in the broad cont ext. What do you mean by that?Wang: Well, the whole world has moved away from elite education in universities to meet the needs of mass education. And entering universities is no longer a privilege for the few. And universities today are more concerned with providing jobs for their graduates in a way that universities in our time never had to be botheredabout. Therefore, the emphasis of university pro grams today is now on the practical and the utilitarian lather than on a general education or on personal development.Nancy: Do you think that is a welcome development?Wang: Well, I personally regret this development, but the basic bachelor's education now has to cater to people who really need a piece of paper to find a decent job.Nancy: So you are concerned about this development.Wang: Yes, I'm very concerned. With technical changes, many of the things that you learn are technical skills which don't require you to become very well educated. Yet if you can master those skills, you can get very good jobs. So the technical institutions are goingto be increasingly popular at these expensive traditional universities.Nancy: Professor Wang, let's look at a different issue. How do **ment on the current phenomenon that more and more universities admit students because the fees they pay?Wang: Well, once you accept students on financial grounds, one wonders whether you have to pass them as well. But this is the development in education that we have to contend with. Yet, if we are concerned about maintaining standards, what we can do is to concentrate on improving the quality of education.Nancy: Yes, you are right. A university is judged by the quality of education it offers. Professor Wang, let's turn to the future. Whattype of graduates, in your view, the universities of the future need to produce if they are to remain relevant?Wang: I think their graduates must be able to shift from one profession to another, because they are trained in a very independent way. If you can do that, you raise the level of the flexibility of the mind. Today's rapid changes in technology demand this adaptability. And you see, the best universities in the world are'already trying to guarantee that their students will not only be technically trained, but can be that kind of people that can adapt to any changing situation.Nancy: I guess many people would agree with you on that point. University education should focus on both professional and person al intellectual development of students. But still, some might believe that there is a definite place for education in a broader sense, that is to say, in personal intellectual development.Wang: No doubt about that. We need people who will think about the future, about the past, and also people who will think about society. If society does not have philosophers or people who think about the value of' life, it's a very sad society indeed.Nancy: Professor Wang, my last question. Do you see **mon ground in education between your generation and the young generation now.'? Wang: Adapting to new challenges is perhaps the true cornstone of our generation's legacy to education. And the future of education in a country rests not so much in the construction of better buildings, labs etc., but in the development of an ever adapt able mind. Nancy: That's true. The essence of education is the education of the mind. OK. Thank you very much, Professor Wang, for talking to us on the show about the changing trends in education.Wang: You are welcome.SSS_SIMPLE_SIN2.According to Professor Wang, what is the purpose of the present-day education?[A] To turn out an adequate number of elite for the society.[B] To prepare students for their future career.[C) To offer practical and utilitarian courses in each program.[D] To set up as many technical institutions as possible.A B C D该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.In Professor Wang's opinion, technical skills______.A require good educationB are secondary to educationC don't call for good educationD don't conflict with education该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.What does Professor Wang suggest to cope with the situation caused by increasing numbers of fee-paying students?A Shifting from one programme to another.B Working out ways to reduce student number.C Emphasizing better quality of education.D Setting up stricter examination standards.该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.Future education needs to produce graduates of all the following categories EXCEPT ______.A those who can adapt to different professionsB those who have a high flexibility of mindC those who are thinkers, historians and philosophersD those who possess only highly specialized skills该问题分值: 1答案:DSECTION CQuestion 6 is bossed on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.SSS_SINGLE_SEL6.On John Howard's agenda ,______would be his next stop.A DohaB Hong KongC LondonD Washington该问题分值: 1答案:C[听力原文]9-10Australian Prime Minister John Howard argued forcefully for rich nations to tear down their trade harriers as the most effective way of trans forming the fortunes of the world's poor.Speaking ahead of summit talks with US President George W. Bush here Tuesday, Howard also said that nations must not retreat in the "war on terror" in light of the July 7 attacks in London, which he is set to visit later in the week.In a wide-ranging speech to the US Chamber of .Commerce, the prime minister said a free trade agreement between the United States and Australia that took effect on January 1 was solid proof of the nations' "special relationship".But Howard also had a veiled message to trading powers such as the United States and European Union as liberalization negotiations at the World Trade Organization count down to a crunch ministerial gathering of the WTO in Hong Kong in December."It is beyond argument that the value to developing countriesof' re moving the most pernicious of the trade barriers maintained by developed countries would do infinitely more to help those countries, than would in creases in overseas aid," he said.Howard said he sympathized with Live 8 organizer Bob Geldof and debt-relief supporters "that the world does have a moral obligation"."But it has to be a moral obligation that is delivered calmly and with the proper understanding that vie can do a lot more by addressing trade imperfections, and we have every right to insistthat standards of governance are properly delivered," he said.it was crucial that the WTO achieve a breakthrough in its "Doha round" of talks that will climax in December,"Because if we don't, I think there'll be a significant collapse of confidence in the capacity of the world acting multilaterally to solve some of our most deep-seated problems," the Australian leader said.As a leading light in the "Cairns group" of agricultural exporters, Australia has been in the vanguard of calls for trade liberalization, especially in farming produce.That has contrasted with the apparent reluctance of the United States and the European Union to go dramatically farther in reducing their own generous subsidies to their farmers.SSS_SINGLE_SEL7.According John Howard, it would be more important ______ in order to help the poor countries.A for the rich countries to increase their overseas aidsB for the rich countries to raise their moral standardsC for the rich countries to remove tile trade barriersD for the rich countries to increase their mean subsidies to poor overseas farmers该问题分值: 1答案:CQuestions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 .seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.SSS_SINGLE_SEL8.Before Spain withdrew its troops from Iraq ,______Latin American countries had had troops stationed in the country.A 1B 2C 3D 4该问题分值: 1答案:D[听力原文]7-8Salvadoran President Tony Saca said Tuesday he would be willing to send more humanitarian troops to Iraq despite the ongoing threat of terror attacks against U.S. allies there.EI Salvador is the only Latin American country with troops in Iraq following the withdrawal of Honduran, Nicaraguan and Dominican soldiers who had served under the Ultra-Plus Brigade formerly led by Spain.Spain withdrew troops after terrorist attacks on March 11, 2004, in Madrid. The attacks killed 191 people on **muter trains, prompting voters to elect a new prime minister who opposed the war in Iraq.El Salvador has been sending humanitarian troops to Iraq since Au gust 2003. The fourth contingent is scheduled to return home next month."With or without troops" in Iraq, the terrorism danger "for the country and for the world is enormous," Saca said. "We cannot bow down in the face of terrorism, or be afraid."Saca said if he does send a fifth contingent, it would be with the understanding that they would continue to serve in a humanitarian lashion, helping with postwar reconstruction.Despite the peaceful nature of their work, Salvadorans have been drawn involuntarily **bat situations. One soldier died and 12 others were wounded during an attack by Iraqi insurgents in April 2004.A second soldier died last month after a car hit him while he was changing a tire.SSS_SINGLE_SEL9.How many Salvadoran soldiers have died in Iraq so far?A None.B 1.C 2.D 3.该问题分值: 1答案:C10.SSS_SINGLE_SELA is the president of the Khartoum governmentB is the vice president of the Khartoum governmentC is the vice president of the southern statesD used to be No. 2 of the Sudan People's Liberation Army该问题分值: 1答案:B[听力原文]In his first decrees as Sudan's No. 2 leader, former rebel chief John Garang dissolved his guerrilla movement and dismissed all government officials in 10 southern states.The moves implement measures called for under an interim constitution and peace agreement that ended a 21-year civil war between the Muslim north and mainly Christian and animist south.The settlement made Gating first vice president—second only to President Omar el-Bashir—as well as president of southern Sudan, letting him set up an interim administration there until a referendum in six years on secession.The decrees were announced by state-run Omdurman radio, which used to severely criticize the former rebel leader.Garang led the Sudan People's Liberation Army in the war against the Khartoum government. The war in Africa's largest countryended in January with the signing of **prehensive peace agreement, and he was sworn in as first vice president July 9.Garang's decrees replaced the governors in the south who had been appointed by el-Bashir. The edicts also dissolved all the legislative councils in the region.Garang set up a new administration, naming Salva Kiir Mayardit as vice presulent of the southern government. Kiir was Garang's second in the Sudan People's Liberation Army.PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.TEXT AWe sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turnoff the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists' suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immuue response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drag that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. Inorder to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to sac charin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.Laudenslager's experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ______.A was strengthenedB was not affectedC was alteredD was weakened该问题分值: 1答案:B文章第一段倒数第二句“Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity.”明确说明切断不了电流的老鼠(无助的老鼠)免疫功能被削弱，而能够切断电流的老鼠则不受影响，所以[B)是正确答案。
