正己烷-乙醇体系
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脱脂溶剂对大豆分离蛋白、7S和11S球蛋白提取率及纯度的影响张逸婧;刘永祥;陈思远;陈海娟;张云璐;周建新;沈新春【摘要】研究了正己烷-乙醇(体积比2:1)、正己烷、乙醚3种脱脂溶剂对大豆分离蛋白(SPI)、β-伴大豆球蛋白(7S)和大豆球蛋白(11S)提取率和纯度的影响.结果表明:经3种脱脂溶剂脱脂后的SPI脂类残留和7S球蛋白提取率差异极显著(P<0.01),SPI的提取率和蛋白质含量差异不显著(P>0.05);经乙醚脱脂的脱脂大豆粉及其制备的SPI脂类残留最低,分别为0.3%和0.2%;乙醚脱脂的7S和11S球蛋白提取率和纯度最高,提取率分别为73.5%和84.8%,纯度分别为77.3%和90.2%.根据对SPI、7S和11S球蛋白提取率及纯度的影响,大豆脱脂溶剂应选择乙醚.【期刊名称】《中国油脂》【年(卷),期】2016(041)002【总页数】4页(P30-33)【关键词】脱脂溶剂;大豆分离蛋白;7S球蛋白;11S球蛋白;提取率;纯度【作者】张逸婧;刘永祥;陈思远;陈海娟;张云璐;周建新;沈新春【作者单位】南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏高校粮油质量安全控制及深加工重点实验室,南京210023;南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏高校粮油质量安全控制及深加工重点实验室,南京210023;南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏高校粮油质量安全控制及深加工重点实验室,南京210023;南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏高校粮油质量安全控制及深加工重点实验室,南京210023;南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏高校粮油质量安全控制及深加工重点实验室,南京210023;南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏高校粮油质量安全控制及深加工重点实验室,南京210023;南京财经大学食品科学与工程学院,江苏省现代粮食流通与安全协同创新中心,江苏高校粮油质量安全控制及深加工重点实验室,南京210023【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TS229;TQ932大豆是我国重要的油料作物之一[1]。
常用有机溶剂一、乙醇(ethyl alcohol,ethanol)1。
理化性质:(1)分子式C2H6O(2)相对分子质量46。
07(3)结构式CH3CH2OH(4)外观与性状:无色液体,有酒香。
(5)熔点(℃):-114、1(6)沸点(℃):78。
3(7)相对密度(水=1):0、79(8)相对密度(空气=1):1、59(9)溶解性:与水混溶,可混溶于醚、氯仿、甘油等多数有机溶剂。
(10)禁忌物:强氧化剂、酸类、酸酐、碱金属、胺类。
危险类别:(1)燃烧性:易燃(2)闪点(℃):12(3)引燃温度(℃):363(4)爆炸下限(%):3、3(5)爆炸上限(%):19。
0二、甲醇(methyl alcohol,Methanol)1。
理化性质:(1)分子式CH4O(2)相对分子质量32(3)结构式CH3OH(4)外观与性状:无色澄清液体,有刺激性气味。
(5)熔点(℃):—97、8(6)沸点(℃):64、8(7)相对密度(水=1):0、79(8)相对密度(空气=1):1。
11(9)溶解性:与水混溶,可混溶于醇、醚等多数有机溶剂。
(10)禁忌物:强氧化剂、酸类、酸酐、碱金属。
危险类别:(1)燃烧性:易燃(2)闪点(℃):11(3)引燃温度(℃):385(4)爆炸下限(%):5、5(5)爆炸上限(%):44.0乙酸乙酯,醋酸乙酯(ethylacetate,acetic ester)1、理化性质:(1)分子式:C4H8O2(2)相对分子质量88。
10(3)结构式CH3—C-OCH2CH3(4)外观与性状:无色澄清液体,有芳香气味,易挥发。
(5)熔点(℃):-83.6(6)沸点(℃):77.2(7)相对密度(水=1):0。
90(8)相对密度(空气=1):3。
04(9)溶解性:微溶于水,可混溶于醇、酮、醚、氯仿等多数有机溶剂。
(10)禁忌物:强氧化剂、酸类、碱类、危险类别:(1)燃烧性:易燃(2)闪点(℃):-4(3)引燃温度(℃):426(4)爆炸下限(%):2。
折光率y1y2折光率x1x2
1.42400.00001.00001.42400.00001.0000
1.42340.01250.98751.42390.00230.99771.42210.03930.96071.42370.00640.99361.41950.09360.90641.42330.01460.98541.41820.12080.87921.42310.01870.98131.41650.15630.84371.42280.02480.97521.41400.20750.79251.42340.03310.96691.41190.24940.75061.42200.04140.95861.40760.33110.66891.42120.05800.94201.40630.35470.64531.41060.07050.92951.40470.38300.61701.41930.09780.90221.40300.41230.58771.41540.17900.82101.40140.43910.56091.40990.28810.71191.40100.44570.55431.40510.37600.62401.40080.44900.55101.40310.41060.58941.40060.45220.54781.40100.44570.55431.40040.45550.54451.39660.51560.48441.40000.46200.53801.39350.56240.43761.39860.48440.51561.38630.66440.33561.39710.50790.49211.38160.72710.27291.39320.56680.43321.37450.81770.18231.39120.59590.40411.37070.85360.14641.38750.64790.35211.36890.88670.11331.38330.70470.29531.36610.92070.07931.37960.75300.24701.36470.93750.06251.37720.78370.21631.36380.94840.05161.37360.82890.17111.36260.96280.03721.37100.86100.13901.36190.97110.02891.36950.87940.12061.36130.97830.02171.36170.97350.02651.35980.99630.00371.35951.00000.00001.35951.00000.0000
气 相液 相
0.9 1.0 x-y图85.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 y1
x160.0 65.0 70.0
75.0
80.0
0.0 t80.29819.9898939749.4546125101.3379.82805.0194797738.8925506100.5778.39760.8696145707.4707100100.9476.41703.0995206665.7004868100.9275.60680.5502381649.1807279100.9174.24644.0540748622.1687409100.9372.10589.9579982581.4601735101.1369.99540.4111697543.4040704101.1767.30482.3642067497.7652824100.5166.55467.1508669485.5970542100.5165.62448.8501181470.8365280100.5365.03437.5565753461.6580289100.9664.50427.6169700453.5343081100.6664.40425.7631191452.0143147100.6164.39425.5781078451.8625377100.6064.38425.3931645451.7108010100.5964.40425.7631191452.0143147100.5764.50427.6169700453.5343081100.5564.88434.7238938459.3472615100.5765.49446.3408143468.8018445101.0466.99476.0261572492.7068662101.0368.00496.9380212509.3385399101.0369.13521.2466677528.4685720101.0370.26546.5488571548.1611243100.9371.49575.2569424570.2491328100.9772.46598.7812450588.1574562100.9673.40622.3439665605.9311583100.9574.39647.9969815625.1039265100.9575.08666.3962767638.7461245100.9577.32729.1763036684.6508304101.3377.83744.1416602695.4545568100.97
平衡温度(℃)乙醇的P10(mmHg)环己烷的P20(mmHg)平衡压力P(kpa)
t-x-y图9.0 10.0 γ1—x10.5 1.0 x2,y2
液相气相
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
0.0 0.5 γ1
x
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0
0.0 100.0 (㏒γ1)-1/2
x1/
(㏒γ1)-1/2-760.0375031754.33703435.0926193691.0104649971.1893463610.002305302757.11226256.1103011581.0347323421.1279021610.006441224756.96225026.9020867401.0459301591.0917522340.014816318756.88724407.1844962681.0446034311.0805941270.019056354757.03725647.4080212261.0526970901.0722960620.025430681758.53737978.0602033931.0692388361.0503958290.034233116758.83740448.4590291401.0934450881.0384487420.043187982753.88699738.9220030221.0754542581.0257287710.061571125753.88699738.1193481741.0778106741.0485607450.075847230754.03700966.5788689871.0952287991.1055622580.108401685757.26227493.9863223181.1741902301.2903790730.218026797755.01208982.6910338021.3116265761.5251290850.404691670754.63705902.1009943251.4830173411.7611069340.602564103754.56205281.9388449391.5610977251.8648699110.696640652754.48704661.7994890361.6507011811.9797159880.804077215754.33703431.5652109011.8758883712.2670383371.064409579754.18702201.4488411972.0444376572.4920630631.285191956754.33703431.2651045852.5229884073.1291827351.979737783757.86232421.1860630712.9150823973.6733988522.664345914757.78731801.1034492383.6547737564.8363748844.485463522757.78731801.0645451504.1066582946.0673975965.830601093757.78731801.0622709694.4561959876.1738614207.826125331757.03725641.0601672675.1427958026.27772354011.610340479757.33728101.0574288805.2485777936.42145843515.000000000757.26227491.0450484715.3970884127.22885462018.379844961757.18726871.0474634505.7476072957.04664459525.881720430757.18726871.0360232885.8259671818.06621663333.602076125757.18726871.0213748256.58813665510.43414572445.082949309760.03750311.0184701427.95078542911.216641463269.270270270757.3372810
平衡压力P(mmHg)γ1γ2(㏒γ1)
-1/2x1/x
2
1—x1图8.0 9.0
γ2—x2图