动词的时态

2015年高三英语语法复习

1 动词的时态

1.一般现在时

1). 表示客观事实、客观规律和客观真理谚语格言等（不受时态限制）

The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.

The sun rises in the east.

2). 表示经常发生、习惯性的动作,与 every day, usually, once a week, often, seldom always

等时间状语连用。

He goes to school on foot everyday.

We always care for each other and help each other.

3). 表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong ,seem等。如：

I know what you mean.

All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.

4). 在when 引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。注意，此时，主句用将来时态，从句用一般现在时态表示将来。

If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the countryside.

I will write to her when I have time.

I will stay at home if it rains.

5). 少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、open、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。

The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.

Tomorrow is Wednesday.

6). 表示主语的特征、能力、性格等

He _________ (work ) hard.

The boy ________ (draw) well .

7). 表正在进行的动作，用于Here，There , in 开头的倒装句中。

Here ________ (come ) the bus.

There ________(go ) the bell.

Here she ______(come).

2. 一般过去时

一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用（或有上下文语境暗示）；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。

1). 表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和明确的时间状语连用。 2015年高三英语语法复习

2 She went out just now.

I saw him yesterday.

2). 表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。

Last month she worked eleven hours every day.

He used to get up early.

3）．表达过去的习惯

I once saw the famous star here.

They never drank wine.

4）.表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but, and, when, as

soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。

The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her.

He bought a watch but lost it.

5).

（3）一般将来时考点分析。

一般将来时的5种表达形式

(1) “will/shall+动词原形”：将要发生的动作或状况，也可表示“预见”（带有说话人的主观态度和看法）。

Will you be busy tonight?

You will feel better after taking this medicine.

(2) “be going to + do”有两种意义， 一是表示“意图”，即打算在将来做某事；二是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生某种情况。

The wall is going to be painted soon. George is putting on weight. He’s going to be

quite fat.

Look at the dark clouds over there. It’s going to rain.

(3) “be to + 动词原形”有两种含义：一是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常可与“be+

v.-ing” 交换使用， “be to + 动词原形”较正式; 二是表示义务、应该（相当于should)。★ 可用于if 条件句表示打算、想要。

I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon. You’re to answer for what you’ve done.

★ If you are to succeed, you’d better work hard.

(4)既定的时间如生日、日历、课时安排、交通时刻表等，通常用一般现在时表示将来的动作。

The plane takes off at 5:30 a.m.

The new school year begins on September 1.

(5) “be about to+ 动词原形”表示正要、马上做某事，这种结构的将来时不与表示将来的时间状语连用。

Take your seat. The meeting is about to begin.

I was about to go to bed when someone knocked at the door. 2015年高三英语语法复习

3 ★ “will+动词原形” 有时还可以表示一种倾向性或惯性的动作。

Oil will float on water. This machine won’t work.

(won’ 可以用来表示“不能，没法”，表示主体不具有某种功能)

What’s the matter with the pen? The ink won’t come out.

（4）现在进行时考点分析 （主语﹢be ﹢现在分词）

现在进行时的用法注意点:

(1)现在进行时与一般现在时的用法比较。现在进行时既可表示现在时刻正在进行的动作，也可表示现阶段一直进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）， 强调动作的暂时性和未完成性—短暂的事实；而一般现在时强调动作的长久性或反复性。

He works in a chemical factory. He is working in a chemical factory

these days.

I don’t work here, I’m just helping until the secretary comes back.

(2) 现在进行时与always, constantly, continually, all the time, all along, 等频度状语连用，对现阶段经常发生的动作表示某种感情色彩，如赞叹、惊讶、厌烦、不满等。

She is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back.

You are continually finding faults with me.

(3) 现在进行时表示委婉口气，常与hope, wonder 等连用。

I’m hoping that you’ll give me some advice.

I’m wondering if I may have a word with you.

注意：下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。（A）表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate,

care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need。（B）表存在的状态的动词：appear,

exist, lie, remain, seem belong to, depend on。（C）表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit,

promise, admit, complete。（D）表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。

（5）现在完成时。（主语﹢have/has ﹢动词的过去分词）

现在完成时表示过去开始发生一直持续到现在的动作，强调对现在的影响。

现在完成时用法注意点：

(1)两种意义的现在完成时

a.持续到现在（动词要用延续性动词）；时间状语：表示从过去延续到现在并包括现在在内的一段时间状语，如 lately, recently，up to now，so far，these days, in/over/during the

last/past ten days/months/years, etc.

I haven’t had enough sleep lately.

Great changes have taken place in the past twenty years in China.

b. 对现在有影响；时间状语： already, just, ever, never ,before, not yet, etc. 2015年高三英语语法复习

4 Have you ever found out her telephone number?

(2) have been to VS have gone to

Have been to表示曾经去过某地，现在人在说话的现场，而 have gone to 表示已经去了某地，现在人不在说话的现场。

I have been to Beijing for three times. 我曾经去过北京三次。 She has gone to Beijing.

她去北京了。

注意： ①现在完成时除可以和for、since引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during / in /over the last(past)few years (months, weeks)、in recent years等。