油菜花粉多糖的分离、纯化、结构鉴定及抗氧化活性的研究
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南昌大学硕士学位论文油菜花粉多糖的分离、纯化、结构鉴定及抗氧化活性的研究姓名:李敏申请学位级别:硕士专业:农产品加工及储藏工程指导教师:涂宗财20071226摘要摘要近年来,花粉作为优良的全营养食物被全世界广泛关注,掀起一股“花粉研究热”。多年来我国花粉的基础研究和应用研究己全面深入地开展,并取得多方面的可喜成果,有些方面己进入国际研究的前沿。油菜花粉是中国产量最大的花粉,充分利用我国油菜花粉资源,对油菜花粉进行深入系统研究,使这一丰富资源的开发和利用提高到一个新的水平,将会产生极大的经济和社会效益。油菜花粉多糖具有抗肿瘤、增强免疫等功能,然而目前报道的油菜花粉多糖的最高提取率仅达1.450%,为了更好地提高油菜花粉多糖的提取率,本论文采用温差一机械法、温差一超声波法和超微粉碎法三种方法对油菜花粉进行破壁,以期找到最佳的破壁方法。并在系统研究了油菜花粉多糖的提取、分离纯化、理化性质以及初级结构的基础上,对其抗氧化的活性功能进行了评价,为今后油菜花粉多糖的研究与开发奠定了基础。本论文主要研究内容与结论如下:1.测定了油菜花粉中蛋白质、脂肪、黄酮、以及几种金属元素如Cu、Mg、Fe、Ca、Zn的含量,为油菜花粉的开发利用提供了科学依据。测定结果显示油菜花粉中蛋白和脂肪含量较高,所测的几种金属元素也较丰富。2.采用温差一机械法、温差一超声波法和超微粉碎法分别对油菜花粉进行破壁,发现温差一机械法和温差一超声波法破壁效果远不如超微粉碎破壁,超微粉碎破壁率可高达99%以上。3.以葡萄糖为对照,优选苯酚一硫酸法测定油菜花粉多糖含量的显色条件。最佳的显色条件为:取待测油菜花粉多糖2mL,加入浓度为5%苯酚1mL,迅速滴加浓硫酸5.0mL,摇匀后于室温放置20min,在482Bill处测定吸光度。4.对油菜花粉多糖的水提工艺进行了研究,探讨提取温度、提取时间、料液比和提取次数对多糖提取率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明提取温度对多糖提取率的影响最大,其次为提取时间、次数,料液比的影响最小。油菜花粉多糖提取的最优条件为:提取温度为70。C,提取时间为4h,提取次数2次,料液比为l:8,此时多糖提
取率达4.48%。
IJ摘要5.比较Sevag法和TCA法对油菜花粉多糖脱蛋白的效果。实验结果表明TCA法对油菜花粉多糖中蛋白的脱除率远高于Sevag法,并且多糖的损失率也低于Sevag法。6.用DEAE--纤维素对油菜花粉精制多糖进行初步分离,主要得到中性多糖DI
和酸性多糖D3两个组分。再用Sephacryls一200柱层析分别对多糖Dl和D3进一步分离纯化得到中性多糖Dll和酸性多糖D3I,用SephacrylS--300柱层析和HPLC法分别鉴定其纯度,结果显示只有D11组分为纯度很高的均一多糖。采用凝胶过滤法测定多糖DlI的分子量为80271,通过GC分析多糖DII与D3l的单糖组成,结果表明它们均至少由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖六种单糖组成。UV检测显示油菜花粉多糖Dll于280am处未见有核酸和蛋白特征吸收峰,经IR检测证实多糖Dll与D3I具有多糖类物质的特征吸收峰。7.油菜花粉粗多糖、精制多糖对自由基DPPH、02-自由基和·OH自由基均有一定的清除作用,并且随着多糖浓度的增大清除效果增强。油菜花粉精制多糖的作用效果大于油菜花粉粗多糖。
关键词:油菜花粉多糖;破壁;分离纯化;抗氧化活性
ⅡIAbstractABSTRACTInrecentyears,pollenhasbeenusedasaformoffullnutritionfoodallovertheworld.In
China,thefundamentalresearchandapplicativeresearchonpollenhavebeendeeplydeveloped
formanyyears,andmanypleasedresultswereacquired,evensomeaspectshaveentered
leading
1evelin伽ejnternatiunaIresearch.
Rapepollen,whichhasthebiggestoutputinChina,iswell-knownforitsbioactivefunctions
suchasanticancer,enhancingimmunity,eta1.Makingfulluseofrapepollen㈣Ureeanddoing
systematicresearchonRapePollen眦I∞itpossiblethatancwlevelindevelopmentand
utilization,andwillbringagreatofeconomicandsocialbenefit.However,themaximalextractionpercentofrapepollen
polysaccharidescurrentlyreportedWasonly1.450%.In
orderto
beRerimprovetheextractionpercentof甩pepollenpolysacehacidasandfindthebestmethodof
breakingwall,threemethodthatweretemperaturedifference—machine,temperaturedifference-ultrasonicandSuperfinecomminutionwereused.Onthebasisofsystematicresearchofextraction,isolation,purification,physiochemicalpropertiesandprimarystructureofRape
Pollenpolysaccharides,antioxidationresearchofRapePollenpolysacchaddesWaSestimated,
whichgavethefoundationforthefurtherresearchanddevelopment.Themainresearchand
resultswereasfoIlows:
I.Thecontentsofproteins,fats,flavonoids,severalmetalelementssuchas
calcium,magnesium,
zinc,copper,ironinrapepollenweredetermined.Thecontentsofproteinsandfatswerefound
higherinrapepollen.Besides,the
contentsofmetalelementswhichWeremeasuredwererich.
Thisprovidesscientificreferenceforthefurtherstudyanddevelopmentofrape
pollen
re¥OUFOb“3.
2.Temperaturedifference-machine,temperaturedifference-ultrasonicendSuperfinecomminution
Wereusedtobreakwallofrapepollen.Wall-breakingeffectsofthefomertwomethodwerefarinferiortoSuperfine
comminution.Wall—breakingtaleofSuperfinecomminutioncouldreach
OVer990,4comminution
3.Usingonlyglucoseasthestandard,theoptimumwayofcolorationintheprocessofdeterminingrapepollenpolysaccharidescontentbyphenol-sulfaric
acidmethodwasobtained
IVAbstract∞follows:1.0mL5%phenolsolutionwasaddedto2.0mLrapepollenpolysaccharides
solutionandmixed.Then5mLconcentratedsulfuricacidwas
added
quicklydropbydrop.After
setatambiencefor20minute.thesolutionWaSdetectedatwavelengthof482nnl.4.mextractionofpolysaccharidesbywaterfromrapepollenWasstudied.Theeffectsoffour
factorssuchastemperature,time,ratioofsolid-liquidandtimesofextractionwere
investigated.TheresultsshowedthattheeffectoftemperatureWasthemostimportant,time
Was
thesecond,timesWasthethird,andtheratioofsolid—liquidWaStheleast,Throughorthogonal
test,theoptimumconditionsofextractionwel'eobtainedonthebaSisofsingle
factor
test.The
resultswereasfollows:90"Cfor4hand3timesextraction,ratioofsolid-liquid
l:8.The
extractionpercentofpolysaccharidesWas4.48%ontheoptimum
conditions.
5.ProteininthecruderapepollenpolysaccharidesWasremovedbySevag
methodand
trichloroaceticacidsedimentationrespectively.RemovaleffectofthelatterWaShigherthanthatoftheformer,andmeanwhilethelossrate
ofthelatterWaSlowerthanthatoftheformer.
6.Theprimarypurificationoftherefmingrapepollenpolysaccharideswerecarriedoutby