初三英语动词不定式
【本讲主要内容】
动词不定式
【知识总结归纳】
一. 构成：to + 动词原形
二. 特征：
1. 不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也保留动词的特征，它有自己的宾语和状语，来构成不定式短语。
eg . I want to go there by bike .
2. 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态的变化。
（1）动词不定式的一般式：“to + 动词原形”
eg . I am glad to meet you again. I want to go to the concert.
（2）动词不定式的完成式：“to have + 动词的过去分词”。
eg . I am sorry to have kept you waiting for a long time.
三. 用法：
1. 作主语（如果不定式短语过长，可以把此短语放在句尾，主语的位置可以用it 来替换，叫做形式主语）
eg .
?
??.surfing go to exciting is It .exciting is surfing go To ???.
building new the up set to half a and year a them take will It .half a and year a them take will building new the up set To ?
??.well subjects the all learn to important is It .important is well subjects the all learn To ▲在it 作形式主语的句子中，某些形容词之后，不定式之前常带有for sb ，这类形容词有：easy ，difficult ，hard ，interesting ，necessary 等。而在某些形容词之后，不定式之前常带有of sb ，这类形容词有：nice ，good ，kind ，clever ，foolish ，careful ，polite 等。
eg .
It is hard for me to clean up the whole room in an hour.
It is necessary for us to go over the lessons every day.
It is kind of you to say so.
It is polite of her to say hello to us.
2. 作宾语
eg .
She wants to invite us to her birthday party.
No one would like to talks with him.
He tried to save money every month.
▲在某些复合宾语中可用it代表不定式，叫做形式宾语，将真正的宾语放在句尾。
eg .
He found it difficult to listen to the teacher carefully.
We thought it necessary to ask for her advice.
▲在某些动词的后面，既可以用不定式作宾语，又可以用动名词作宾语，但在意义上有所不同。
eg .
（1）stop doing表示“停止做（正在做的事情）”
stop to do表示“停下来，去做……”
比较：Let’s stop listening to the music, shall w e? 让我们停止听音乐，好吗？
Let’s stop to listen to the music, shall we? 让我们停下来，听听音乐好吗？
（2）remember / forget doing 记得 / 忘记（已做过的）事情
remember / forget to do 记得 / 忘记（要去做的）事情
比较：I remember taking him to the farthest island. 我记得带他去过那个最远的岛。
Please remember to keep in touch with me. 请记住与我保持联系。
I forgot lending him my dictionary. 我忘记了我借过他我的字典。
Don’t forget to call me on time. 请不要忘记准时给我打电话。
3. 作宾语补足语
eg .
He asked me to treat his cat carefully.
Our teachers told us not to play football on the street.
Would you like me to go fishing with you?
▲在make，let，see，hear，notice，feel，watch等动词后的复合宾语，不定式都不带to。
eg .
Did you notice him go downstairs?
I saw a bird fly over the tree just now.
The boss makes the workers work for twelve hours every day.
4. 作定语
eg .
I have a letter to write today.
We have got a lot of books to read.
We must find a person to do the work.
▲若不定式与之所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的动宾关系，而不定式是不及物动词，那么它后面应加上必要的介词。
eg .
We have enough rooms to live in .
Zhang nan is a girl to get along well with .
5. 作状语（不定式作状语，可以修饰动词表示目的，结果或原因）
eg .
He works hard to earn more money .
He is too angry to say a word .
We are surprised to find him here .
6. 作表语（主要说明主语的内容）
eg .
His nobby is to read books .
Our duty is to keep the classroom clean and tidy .
7. 不定式与疑问词连用
eg .
I can’t de cide which one to choose .
Tell me when to set off .
No one told me where to have the meeting .
【题型展示】
[例1] I’m sorry , I really don’t know the clock .
A. to mend
B. how should I mend
C. what to mend
D. how to mend
答案：D
[例2] “ Mr Zhu , you’d better too much meat . You are already over weight . ” said the doctor .
A. not to eat
B. to eat
C. not eat
D. eat
答案：C
[例3] He is too old the box .
A. to carry
B. carrying
C. carry
D. carries
答案：A
[例4] He often asks his son his clothes .
A. to wash
B. wash
C. washing
D. washed
答案：A
[例5] — Could you give me a hand , please ?
— Sure . What would you like me ?
A. do
B. to do
C. doing
D. does
答案：B
[例6] Mother makes me my homework every day before I can play video games .
A. finish
B. finished
C. finishing
D. to finish
答案：A
[例7] The doctor often tells him more exercise .
A. to take
B. taking
C. taken
D. take
答案：A
[例8] When class began , we stopped to the teacher carefully .
A. listening
B. listen
C. listens
D. to listen
答案：D
[例9] She has no paper .
A. to write
B. to write with
C. writing on
D. to write on
答案：D
[例10] He found it hard his class .
A. to catch up
B. catch up with
C. catch up
D. to catch up with
答案：D
【实战模拟】
一. 用不定式或-ing的适当形式填空
1. It’s very kind of you（do）it for me .
2. If you want （go）with us , you should hurry up .
3. I saw him （enter）the house this morning.
4. I saw him （swim）in the lake when I walked past .
5. He asked me （leave）at six thirty .
6. I still don’t know where（go）.
7. I want （have）someone （help）me with my maths .
8. Before you leave, don’t forget（turn）off the light .
9. You’d better（stay）at home and （do）your homework .
10. I stopped （write）（look）for my knife .
11. It is impossible （finish）it in one day .
12. It’s time（get）up .
13. I’m very glad（make）so many friends .
14. The passage is not very easy （understand）.
15. I’m sorry that I have nothing（send）you .
16. I’ll try（not , do）it again .
17. We were surprised （see）him there .
18. The best time （plant）trees is in spring .
19. Satellites are used for （learn）more about the earth .
20. He finished （wash）at eight in the evening .
21. You have worked for 4 hours . You’d better（stop）（have）a rest .
22. He often tells us funny stories and makes us （laugh）.
23. Mother always tells me （not , read）in bed .
24. The headmaster was asked （speak）at the meeting .
25. （smoke）too much is bad for you health .
26. I want to see a film instead of （watch）TV .
27. The old man found it difficult （fall）asleep .
28. The runner fell down , but he quickly got up and went on （run）.
29. It took the writer two years （finish）the book .
30. I spent an hour an a half （do）my homework .
31. Your uncle is busy （mend）this old bike .
32. When he entered the room , they all stopped （talk）.
33. I’m sorry I have kept you（wait）for so long .
34. Let me （think）it over before I answer you .
35. I often hear her （cough）at night .
36. Something is wrong with the radio . It needs （fix）.
37. I have nothing （do）. Please get me something （read）.
38. They stopped （listen）, but there was no more sound .
39. After he read the text , he went on （explain）it .
40. Bob seems （know）where she is .
二. 单项选择
1. I hope with them .
A. you to go
B. to go
C. going
D. of going
2. Tell them make any noise .
A. not
B. don’t
C. not to
D. to not
3. Here is a room .
A. for living
B. to live
C. live in
D. to live in
4. Thank you very much it to me .
A. for lending
B. to lend
C. of lending
D. to lending
5. The teacher asked me the text .
A. read
B. reading
C. to read
D. for reading
6. They decided football .
A. play
B. playing
C. of playing
D. to play
7. Keep hard , and you will catch up with us .
A. work
B. working
C. to work
D. worked
8. The clock needs .
A. to mend
B. to be mend
C. mending
D. being mended
9. It’s time for supper now . Let’s it .
A. stop to have
B. stop having
C. to stop to have
D. stopping to have
10. I have a lot of things this week end .
A. do
B. did
C. doing
D. to do
11. You’d better in this river . It’s too dangerous .
A. not to swim
B. not swim
C. to swim
D. swim
12. Lily likes the clothes of light colour .
A. to put on
B. putting on
C. to dress
D. to wear
13. It’s too late . Why a bus ?
A. not to take
B. not taking
C. not take
D. don’t take
14. When I’m tired , I enjoy music .
A. listening
B. listening to
C. to hear
D. hearing
15. Linda felt sorry . But His smile made her better .
A. to feel
B. feel
C. felt
D. feeling
16. I heard Mother with Father in the next room at 9:00 .
A. is talking
B. talking
C. to talk
D. talk
17. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from the earth away .
A. blow
B. to blow
C. blowing
D. blows
18. Did the teacher tell you this afternoon ?
A. to go where
B. to do what
C. how to do
D. when to leave
19. We still don’t know whom .
A. should talk with
B. to talk with
C. to talk
D. talking with
20. Wu Dong is good at English .
A. speak
B. to speak
C. speaking
D. spoken
21. Lei Feng was always ready others .
A. helping
B. helped
C. to help
D. help
22. Have you decided for your holiday .
A. go where
B. where to go
C. to go where
D. where to go to
23. Would you please me a chair ?
A. give , to sit on
B. give , to sit
C. giving , to sit
D. to give , to sit on
24. Though he had often made his sister , today he was made by his sister .
A. to cry , to cry
B. cry , cry
C. cry , to cry
D. to cry , cry
25. —Why are you going shopping if you don’t ?
— My wife wants with her .
A. want to , I go
B. want , me going
C. want to , me to go
D. want , to go
26. What a fine day ! How about out for a walk ?
A. go
B. to go
C. going
D. to going
27. Would you mind the window .
A. to close
B. closing
C. close
D. close
28. He ran into the room the girl .
A. saving
B. to save
C. saved
D. save
29. Do you hear her this song ? Sometimes .
A. sing
B. sang
C. singing
D. to sing
30. They kept the fire them selves warm .
A. burning , keeping
B. to burn , to keep
C. burning , to keep
D. to burn keeping
31. I think it important English well .
A. learning
B. learn
C. learned
D. to learn
32. Remember late for class again .
A. not to be
B. don’t be
C. not be
D. not to
33. He found interesting with him .
A. this , to talk
B. it , to talk
C. that , talking
D. it talking
34. I have no pen .
A. writing with
B. to write on
C. to write with
D. to write
35. Bob doesn’t know to write about .
A. how
B. what
C. that
D. whose
36. I’ll try the same mistake again .
A. to not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. not make
37. is one thing , is quite another .
A. To say , to do
B. Say , do
C. To say , do
D. Say , to do
38. It is too hard it by myself without your help .
A. not to do
B. to do
C. for doing
D. doing
39. It’s not easy you to help me , but it’s nic e you to do so .
A. of , for
B. of , of
C. for , for
D. for , of
40. I’d like your new bike and I would like you my new car .
A. to see , to drive
B. to see , driving
C. seeing , to drive
D. seeing , driving
41. I have never heard him so .
A. say
B. to say
C. saying
D. said
42. Do you often see her for him at the bus stop ?
A. wait
B. to wait
C. waiting
D. waits
43. The teacher made the students the text twice a day .
A. would read
B. reading
C. to read
D. read
44. She was seen paper planes in the room .
A. made
B. to make
C. make
D. making
45. They finally agree here before ten .
A. with coming
B. to come
C. coming
D. come
46. Tell Mary on the wall .
A. not drawing
B. not to draw
C. to not draw
D. not draw
47. This box is light enough .
A. to be lifted
B. for lifting
C. to lift it
D. to lift
48. His wish her a dog on that day .
A. to give
B. is to give
C. to be given
D. giving
49. He doesn’t feel like .
A. eating
B. to eat
C. eat
D. eats
50. He is too old the army .
A. to join
B. for joining
C. not to join
D. joins
试题答案
一.
1. to do
2. to go
3. enter
4. swimming
5. to leave
6. to go
7.
to have ; help 8. to turn 9. stay ; do 10. writing ; to look 11. to finish
12. to get
13. to make 14. to understand 15. to send 16. not to do 17. to see 18. to plant 19. learning 20. washing 21. stop ; to have
22. laugh 23. not to read 24. to speak 25. Smoking 26. watching
27. to fall 28. running 29. to finish 30. doing 31. mending 32. talking
33. waiting 34. think 35. cough 36. fixing 37. to do ; to read
38. to listen 39. to explain 40. to know
二.
1～5 BCDAC 6～10 DBCAD 11～15 BDCBB
16～20 BCDBC 21～25 CBACC 26～30 CBBAC
31～35 DABCB 36～40 BABDA 41～45 AADDB
46～50 BDBAA
高中动词不定式用法讲解及练习
Grammar Presentation---动词不定式 一、不定式的句法功能 ●不定式作主语 ?To learn a foreign language is not easy.学习外语不是一件容易的事。 ◎不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语来代替它的位置，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到谓语之后 ?It’s a great honor to be invited to Mary’s birthday party.很荣幸被邀请参加玛丽的生日聚会。 ●不定式作宾语 ◎作动词宾语 ◇下列动词常接不定式作宾语，如：agree, arrange, ask, beg, choose, dare, decide, demand,expect, fail, fear, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, ?They hope to find new resources for mankind.他们希望为人类找到新资源。 ◇如果不定式作宾语且有自己的补语，常用“it”作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。 下列动词常用it作形式宾语，如：believe, consider, feel, find, know, make ?I know it impossible to finish so much homework in one day. 我知道在一天中完成这么多的作业是不可能的。 ●不定式作表语 ◎不定式作表语时，一般紧跟在系动词后，说明主语的内容 ?The first step is to check the victim’s breathing.
语法：动词不定式 动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 一、构成：to do .否定式not to do 二、常见时态：一般时to do 进行时to be doing 完成式to have done 完成进行式to have been doing 三、动词不定式在句子中的成分 1、作句子的主语:现实中常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语动词不定式（或短语）后 置。 比较下列句子 To lear n from your frie nds is importa nt.=lt is importa nt to lear n from your frie nds . ______ To leave without say ing goodbye is impolite.= It is impolite to leave without saying ________ goodbye. To chat with Miss White is a pleasa nt thi ng.=lt is a pleasa nt thi ng to chat with Miss ______ White. To walk to school takes me ten minu tes.=lt takes me ten minu tes to walk to school. _______ 句型总结 It is + adj. + of sb. to do sb：?i= are +adj. +to do 在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词（如kind、good、nice、wrong、clever、right等）作表语时，不定式之前常加一个引起的短语，说明不定式指的是谁的情况（可以理解为某人的好，坏，聪明，愚蠢，对，错等等）。 It is very kind of you to help me. It ' s not polite of himto speak to old people like that. It is + adj. + for sb. to do …乞aisb+Odj. +to do 女:果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，则在不定式前加一个for引起的短语，即不定式的逻辑主语。 It is n ecessary for us to study hard ___ It is easy for him to speak En glish. 动词不定式作主语练习 1. It's our duty the room every day. A. to clea n B. clea ned C. clea n D. cleans（甘肃省）
一. 根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。 1. He was so angry that he couldn’t say anything. He was too angry _______ ______ anything. 2. I don’t know when we will have the meeting. I don’t know when _______ _______ the meeting. 3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a letter ______ _______. 4. That you read English in the morning is very important. It is very important _____ you _____ _______ English in the morning. 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石头） He was strong _____ _____ ______ the stone. 6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. His father went to Beijing ________ ______ his holiday. 7. They got up early so that they could get there in time. They got up early _____ ______ _______ ______ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _____ _______ the book. 9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall. He hopes _____ _______ the Great Wall. 10.I saw him go into the room. He was seen _____ ______ into the room. 11.We made him work five hours a day. He was made _____ ______ five hours a day. 12.Do you want to say anything for yourself? Do you have anything _____ _____ for yourself? 13.We don’t know what we shall do next. We don’t know what ____ _______ next. 14.I’m very sorry on hearing the bad news. I’m very sorry _____ _______ the bad news. 15.He stopped and had a look at me. He stopped _____ ______ a look at me. 16.I helped him with his English. I helped him _____ ______ English. 17.My father promised （许诺）that he would buy me a bike. My father promised ____ ______ me a bike. 18.The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it. The box is too heavy ______ me _______ _______. 19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog. The boy ordered his dog ______ ______ down. 20.“Don’t make any noise ”s he said to me. She told me ______ _______ ________ any noise. 二. 单选： 1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced 2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier ____it more difficult. A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make 3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music .
be+不定式动词 “be+不定式动词”在不同情况下，可以表示很多种不同的语义。下面便是其中九种： 一、表示坚决的命令。例如： 1. This naughty boy is to stay here until the class is over. 2. No one is to enter this building without the permission of the security guard. 二、表示“计划”或“安排的事项”。例如： 3. Betty is to be married soon. 4. An insurance agent is to meet us this afternoon. 三、表示“可能性”。例如： 5. Are you to pay the debt for your wife? 6. The lovely puppy is nowhere to be found. 四、表示“意图”或“打算”。例如： 7. If you are to be there on time, you had better hurry. 8. If all of us are to remain friendly, we must be sincere with one another. 五、表示“应该”。例如： 9. You have done so well. You are to be rewarded. 10. Such nasty questions are to be avoided. 六、表示“不可避免”。例如： 11. Anne was wondering what was to become of her boy friend, Tommy. 12. The murderer was sentenced to life imprisonment and was never to see his family again. 七、表示“假设”。例如： 13. If I were to do it, I would do it well. 14. Even if you were to take a taxi now, you would not be able to arrive at your destination on time. 八、有“期待将来”的含意。例如： 15. The actual usefulness of the newly invented equipment is still to be
初中英语动词不定式十大考点解析 动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为"to+动词原形"，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。 一、动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth. (2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth. (3)It takes sb some time to do sth. (4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth. 句式(1)中常用nice，kind，clever，good，right，wrong，foolish，careless等形容词，与介词of 搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质; 句式(4)中常用hard，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。 1. It's our duty _________ the room every day. A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省) 2. It's hard for us _________ English well. A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省) 3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。 It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀区) 4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup. A. for，of B. of，for C. to，for D. of，to(安徽省) Keys：1. A 2. C 3. take，to，build 4. B 二、动词不定式作宾语 在want，like，agree，hope，wish，learn，begin，start，seem，decide，hate，choose，forget，remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it 作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。 1. He wants ______ some vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省) 2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省) 3. He found it very difficult ______. A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省) Keys：1. C 2. A 3. D
非谓语动词 一、英语句子需要遵循一个总原则：一个句子只能有一个动词。当一个句子必须要出现两个或两个以上的动词才能完整 表达一个意思时，为了不违法总原则，英语有四种处理方式： 1. 切分成两个或者多个句子 She is a girl. She likes English 2. 将一个谓语动词做主句，其余动词改成从句 She is the girl who likes singing. 3. 添加and, but, or, when, because, not only..but also, either..or 等连词变成并列结构 She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 4. 将其中一个动词变成非谓语动词形式 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. 二、非谓语动词使用条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词），又没有连词(and,but,or等)的情况下， 还有别的动词出现时，这时就要用非谓语动词 三、非谓语除了不能做谓语外，其他成分都可以做 不定式（to do） 四、非谓语动词三种形式分词现在分词（doing） 过去分词( done ) 动名词(doing) 五、非谓语动词解题技巧： 1. 判断是不是用非谓语动词（1.看有没有逗号 2.看有没有谓语 3.看有没有连词。要牢记英语中逗号不能连接两个 句子，一个句子如果没有连词只能有一个谓语） 2. 判断是主语和动词是主动还是被动关系 3. 判断时间, 确定非谓语动词和主句动词谁先发生，谁后发生 不定式的用法 不定式构成一般式完成式进行式 主动关系to do to have done to be doing 被动关系to be done to have been done 不定式动词和谓语动词发生的时间关系不定式的动作和谓语动作同时发生， 或发生谓语动作之后 he seems to know a lot 不定式的动作发生在谓语动 作之前 I regretted to have told you a lie. 不定式的动作和谓语 动作同时发生 I’m glad to be talking with you 不定式否定形式在to前加not. 即not to..... 不定式充当的成分主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾补
语法精讲及练习| 动词不定式 今天我们学习动词不定式的相关内容，一起来看！ 小简老师已为大家备好电子打印版，文末附电子打印版免费领取方式，想要获取电子打印版请拉到文末。 1 概念引入 1. 动词不定式名言：（1）动词不定式作表语To lose is to learn. 失败就是学习。（2）动词不定式作主语It is better to give than to take. 给予比接受更好。（3）不定式作宾语Expect to be treated as you have treated others.你怎样待别人，就指望别人怎样待你。（4）不定式作宾补Adversity causes some men to break，others to break records.逆境使一些人崩溃，也使一些人破记录。（5）不定式作定语There is a time to talk and a time to act.该说的时候说，该做的时候做。（6）不定式作目的状语To find the exact answer，one must first ask the exact question.要找到确切的答案，首先必须提出确切的问题。 2. 动词不定式定义：动词不定式是一种非谓语形式（不能作谓语），基本形式是to do形式(to是不定式符号的标志，无意义，可以不翻译)肯定式：to + 动词原形否定式：not to + 动词原形 2 用法讲解 1.动词不定式的特征动词不定动式是一种非谓语动词形式，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以作除谓语之外的其它任何句子成分（主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语）；动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时还保持动词的某些特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语，动词不定式和它的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 2. 动词不定式在句子中的作用动词不定式是由to+动词原形构成，在句中起名词，形容词和副词的作用，可以担任除谓语以外的其它任何成分。（1）动词不定式作主语。例如：To master a language is not an easy thing.掌握一门语言不是一件
动词不定式练习：（35份） 一. 根据上句意思完成下句，使两句意思相近或相同，每空一词。 1. He was so angry that he couldn’t say anything. He was too angry _______ ______ anything. 2. I don’t know when we will have the meeting. I don’t know when _______ _______ the meeting. 3. He said he would write a letter. He said he would have a letter ______ _______. 4. That you read English in the morning is very important. It is very important _____ you _____ _______ English in the morning. 5. He was so strong that he could lift the stone. （石头） He was strong _____ _____ ______ the stone. 6. His father went to Beijing for his holiday. His father went to Beijing ________ ______ his holiday. 7. They got up early so that they could get there in time. They got up early _____ ______ _______ ______ there in time. 8. His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided _____ _______ the book. 9. He hopes that he can visit the Great Wall. He hopes _____ _______ the Great Wall. 10.I saw him go into the room. He was seen _____ ______ into the room. 11.We made him work five hours a day. He was made _____ ______ five hours a day. 12.Do you want to say anything for yourself? Do you have anything _____ _____ for yourself? 13.We don’t know what we shall do next. We don’t know what ____ _______ next. 14.I’m very sorry on hearing the bad news. I’m very sorry _____ _______ the bad news. 15.He stopped and had a look at me. He stopped _____ ______ a look at me. 16.I helped him with his English. I helped him _____ ______ English. 17.My father promised （许诺）that he would buy me a bike. My father promised ____ ______ me a bike. 18.The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it. The box is too heavy ______ me _______ _______. 19.“Lie down! ”the boy said to his dog. The boy ordered his dog ______ ______ down. 20.“Don’t make any noise, ”she said to me. She told me ______ _______ ________ any noise. 二. 单选： 1. This company was the first ____ portable radios as well as cassette tape recorders in the world. A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced 2. The purpose of new technology is to make life easier, ____it more difficult. A .not making B. not make C .not to make D. nor to make 3. Helen had to shout ______above the sound of the music . A .making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D .to make herself heard
动词不定式（The Infinitive） 一、概述 不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，在句中不能单独作谓语。它有两种形式：（1）带to的不定式；（2）不带to的不定式（即通常所说的动词原形），它可以和助动词或情态动词构成谓语。不定式既有动词性质，又有名词性质。 1）不等式具有动词性质，即它有时态和语态的变化；可有自己的宾语或状语并构成不等式短语。如： Would you like to tell me an interesting story? 你可不可以给我讲一个有趣的故事？（不等式to tell有自己的宾语me和story）He was too clever a man to be fooled.他这个人很机灵，不会被愚弄的。（不等式的被动语态） I’m going to go there by bike. 我想骑自行车去那儿。（不定式有状语there） They will set up more primary schools in the countryside. 他们将在乡村修建更多的小学。（不带to的不等式与助动词will一起构成谓语）但是，不等式没有人称和数的变化，即不受人称和单数、复数的限定或影响。 She likes to play the accordion. 她喜欢弹奏手风琴。 She liked to play the accordion when she was young. 她很小就喜欢弹奏手风琴。 2）不等式具有名词性质，即它在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。如： To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。（作主语） This suit doesn’t seem to fit me.这件衣服似乎不适合我穿。（作表语） She wanted to see which shops offered the best service. 她想看看哪家商店提供最好的服务。（作宾语） There’s no need to be worried. 不需要担心。（作定语） He went there to see what would happen.他去那儿是想看看会出什么事。（作状语） 3）不等式虽然在语法上不能有主语，但它表示的动作，在意思上是可以有自己的主语，在语法上这个主语称为不等式的逻辑主语。这个逻辑主语可能是整个句子的主语、宾语等，也可以用一个由for引起的短语表示。如： His friends tried to encourage him. 他的朋友设法鼓励他。（不等式的逻辑主语His friends同时也是句子的主语） Every year, tobacco companies must persuade new people to start smoking cigarettes. 每年烟草公司要设法使一些比吸烟的人开始吸烟。（不等式的逻辑主语new people是句子的宾语）It’s very difficult for a foreigner to learn Chines e. 外国人学汉语是很不容易的。（不等式的逻辑主语由for引起的短语表示） 另外，不等式的否定形式一般在它的前面直接加not或never。 The teacher has told me many times not to come late again.老师多次告诉我不要再来晚了。 She seems not to have a bright time with her new friends.和新朋友在一起她似乎过得不是太好。 二、不定式的主要用法 动词不等式具有名词、形容词及副词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语（或主语）补足语、表语、定语、及状语等。 1、不定式作主语 ①不等式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 To conquer English is not easy. 征服英语不容易。 To make plan firs t is a good idea. 先制定计划是个好主意。 To know everything is to know nothing. 事事皆通，无一精通。 ②不等式作主语时，常常用形式主语it替代，而将真正的主语不等式放在句子的后面。 It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语很有必要。 It’s a great pleasure to see you again.再次见到你真高兴。 It is a bad manner to stare at a foreign guest.盯着外宾看是一种不良的举动。 ③如果说明不等式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不等式的前面加一个for引起的短语，这就是常见的“It is adj./n. for sb. to do sth.”句式。如： It is good manners for an Arab to stand close to his friends when they are talking. 对阿拉伯人来说，交谈时站得离朋友近些是好的礼貌。 It is a great honor for us to be presented at the party.我们能来参加晚会，深感荣幸。 It will be a regret for us not to help him. 我们没有帮助他是个遗憾。 ④在某些形容词（如kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, impolite等）作表语时，不等式前常加一个以of引起的短语，来说明不等式指的是谁的情况。这就是常见的 “It is adj. of sb to do sth.”句式。如：
中考英语动词不定式考点全攻略 动词不定式历来是中考英语命题的热点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式， 没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为"（not）to+动词原形"。 考点攻略一：动词不定式作主语 1）动词不定式直接用在主语位置：To see you is always a pleasure. 2）如果主语较长，则可以用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。 ①It is +形容词+(of sb.) to do sth. 此处常用careless, clever, foolish, honest, kind, nice, rude, stupid, silly, wrong, wise等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质。 It’s brave of you to jump into the river to save the boy! ②It is +名词或形容词+ (for sb.)to do sth. 此处常用necessary, hard, difficult, easy, important, impossible等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式的动作或行为的性质。 It is our duty to keep our classroom clean. It is important for us to protect the environment. ③It takes sb. some time to do sth. It usually takes us about two and a half hours to travel from Shanghai to Japan. 考点攻略二：动词不定式作宾语 其后常接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, afford, choose, decide, expect, plan, promise, manage, hope, wish, want, seem, refuse, fail等。 I didn’t expect to see you here. 在某些复合宾语中，动词有find, consider, think, make, feel,常先用it代替不定式，作形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。 I find it impossible to finish the task on time. 考点攻略三：动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式用法小结 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词，而是动词不定式的符号，称为小品词，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。 一. 作主语例如： To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。 To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，可以用“it”作形式主语，而把真正的主语－－动词不定式（短语）放在句子的后部。例如上面的句子可以表示为： It is hard to be a doctor. It is not easy to learn English well. 再如： It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的，可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for 引导的短语，称为不定式的复合结构。例： It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。 It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。 二. 作表语： 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于系词be的后面。例： His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。 My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。 Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。 三. 作宾语 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，能以动词不定式作宾语的动词有：begin,start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等。例： I want to tell you a story. 我想给你讲个故事。 They begin to work at eight every morning. 他们每天早晨8点开始工作。 Don’t forget to lock the door. 别忘了锁门。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？
be+不定式动词 be+不定式动词”在不同情况下，可以表示很多种不同的语义。下面便是其中九种： 一、表示坚决的命令。例如： 1. This naughty boy is to stay here until the class is over. 2. No one is to enter this building without the permission of the security guard. 二、表示计划”或安排的事项”例如： 3. Betty is to be married soon. 4. An in sura nee age nt is to meet us this after noon. 三、表示可能性”例如： 5. Are you to pay the debt for your wife? 6. The lovely puppy is no where to be found. 四、表示意图”或打算”例如： 7. If you are to be there on time, you had better hurry. 8. If all of us are to rema in frie ndly, we must be sin cere with one ano ther. 五、表示应该”例如： 9. You have done so well. You are to be rewarded. 10. Such n asty questi ons are to be avoided. 六、表示不可避免”例如： 11. Anne was won deri ng what was to become of her boy frie nd. Tommy. 12. The murderer was senten ced to life impris onment and was n ever to see his family aga in. 七、表示假设”例如： 13. If I were to do it, I would do it well. 14. Even if you were to take a taxi now, you would not be able to arrive at your destination on time. 八、有期待将来”的含意。例如： 15. The actual usef uln ess of the n ewly inven ted equipme nt is still to be
初中英语动词不定式整理 一、作主语，可以用it代替，it叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语1．To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language. 2. It’s dangerous to drive very fast. 二、作表语 My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是马上给他打电话。 如果主语部分含实义动词do，且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容，这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。如：All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。 三、常可接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree(同意), hope(希望), decide(决定), need(需要), mean(打算), wish(希望), fail(失败), want(想要), begin(开始), would like(想要)等。 He has decided to go to the countryside. 他已决心去乡下。 四、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可以作动词know、think、find out等的宾语。 I don’t know who to ask. 我真不知道该问谁。 五、“疑问词 + 动词不定式”可以作动词show、teach、ask等后面的直接宾语。She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。 六、如果宾语太长，可用it作形式宾语，构成“主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语不足语(名词或形容词) + to do sth”结构，谓语动词常为find、think、feel等。 I found it difficult to stop him. 我发现拦截他很困难。 七、动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。 Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。 I’m worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步该怎么办。 八、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。 I have a lot of books to read. 我有许多书要读。 此时，如果动词不定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词绝对不能省略。 We had only a cold room to live in. 我们只有寒室一间。 九、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词有主谓关系。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个到，最后一个走。 十、作定语的动词不定式与被修饰词之间只有修饰关系。 We have no time to go to town today. 今天我们没有时间去城里。 十一、作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等。 I’m glad to meet you. 见到你，我很高兴。 They ran over to welcome the foreign guests. 他们跑过来欢迎外宾。 十二、不定式复合结构“for sb to do sth”可用作主语、表语、定语、状语等。It’s for her to decide. 这得由她来决定。（表语） There are many books for you to read. 这有许多书供你阅读。（定语） The book ids too difficult for children to read. 这本书太难了，孩子们看不懂。（结果状语） 不定式复合结构作主语时，需注意： It’s + 形容词 + for / of + sb + to do sth.