国际商务第一章复习题

第1章导论导入案例1.企业国际化的路径有没有模式？企业国际化具有一定的模式，包括进出口模式、契约安排模式以及战略投资模式。

第一，进出口模式。

任何企业国际化的第一步都是把自己的产品卖到国外。

此时不仅要适应不同客户的消费偏好，还要适应不同国家法律制度的要求，此时企业所面对的问题大大超过了在国内经营。

第二，到一定阶段，企业还会遇到货币风险以及应对相当复杂的金融交易。

这时，契约安排模式相对于单一的进出口模式来说，可以更好地避免上述风险。

第三，随着国内外环境的变化和发展战略的需要，企业将会从贸易转向对外直接投资(FDI)，从而开始真正现代意义上的、更为复杂的跨国经营活动。

2．三星给中国的企业有什么启示？从三星集团的国际化过程看来，中国的企业国际化道路中主要注意以下几点：1）顺应时代发展，积极参与到全球经济一体化进程当中，将企业的国际化更好地融入到经济一体化大趋势之下。

2）在国际化进程当中，注意自身发展的同时积极引进国外的高新技术产业，进一步提升企业的国际竞争力，同时要处理好“走出去”和“引进来”的关系。

3）在时机成熟的情况下，进一步调整企业发展战略，企业国际化由贸易转向对外直接投资(FDI)，开始真正现代意义上的、更为复杂的跨国经营活动。

4）注重企业国际化运营中的市场营销与产品开发，积极创新，注重品牌的发展和保护，创造有力的品牌竞争力。

5）企业应当注意在国际化进程中所涉及的跨国经营问题。

3．企业跨国经营涉及哪些问题？企业在跨国经营中主要涉及以下问题：1）企业面临的国际商务环境问题。

2）企业进入国际市场的战略选择问题。

3）企业国际化运营中的市场营销与产品开发问题。

4）企业国际化运营中的生产管理问题，其中包括生产地点选择、货源决策、制造与外购(全球制造与供应链)、协调全球生产系统、战略联盟等重要问题。

5）企业国际化运营中的财务管理问题，主要涉及到的问题有会计核算标准的协调、外币财务报表的换算、环境报告、国际税收、转移定价、外汇风险管理等。

国际商务与国际营销第⼀章练习题练习题：第⼀章国际贸易的优势⼀、选择题知识点：★1、国际贸易的起因：资源的有限：通过国际贸易获得本国需要的资源；专业化：使⼈们能够提供其最擅长的产品和服务，使得国际间劳动分⼯可能，从⽽获得规模经济的优势。

2、可利⽤的资源被称为⽣产要素（⼟地、劳动⼒、资本和企业）；3、扩⼤规模导致企业成本降低的称为规模经济内部规模经济：技术经济、财务经济、管理经济、商业经济、风险承担经济、研发经济；外部规模经济：聚集经济；4、提出绝对优势理论的是亚当·斯密；提出⽐较优势理论的是⼤卫·李嘉图；5、第⼀产业：开发⾃然资源，如⽯油勘探、钻井；第⼆产业：制造和建设，如⽯油加⼯；第三产业：提供服务，如⽯油销售；6、⾃给⾃⾜经济：不可能从事国际贸易活动。

7、边⼲边学：如果⼀国⼯⼈获得⽣产的机会，不同国家⼯⼈间的技术⽔平的差异会降低。

⼆、简答题：★1、解释⽐较优势理论和绝对优势理论；答：绝对优势是指利⽤同样数量资源的情况下，⼀个⽣产商（国家）可以⽣产出⽐另⼀个⽣产商（国家）更多的特定产品；⽐较优势是指当⼀个⽣产商（国家）在⽣产某特定商品时⽐另⼀个⽣产商（国家）效率相对更⾼；绝对优势和⽐较优势理论从不同的⾓度解释了国际贸易的起因。

绝对优势考察的是⼀国在某种产品的⽣产上更有效率；⽽⽐较优势理论则主张⼀国将集中⽣产并出⼝⽐较优势最⼤或相对劣势最⼩的产品；⽽进⼝⽐较优势最⼩或相对劣势最⼤的产品。

国际贸易的制约因素：战略性因素：有些事关国家战略问题的产品即便应该进⼝，但基于战略考虑也会由国内⽣产，即便违反了国际贸易理论。

政治因素：国家间是交友还是交恶也会影响国际贸易活动的进⾏，建⽴联盟的国家会促进国际贸易，⽽⾮同盟国家甚⾄是对⽴国家则可能减少甚⾄不进⾏国际贸易活动。

三、计算分析题：说明：1）不开展国际贸易的情况下，两国均⽤⼀半资源产⽣X和Y产品；2）A国在⽣产X产品有绝对优势，B国在⽣产Y产品上有绝对优势；开展国际贸易活动后，A国⽤全部资源专门⽣产X产品，B国⽤全部资源专门⽣产Y产说明：1）X产品和Y产品的总产量⽐原来均增加；2）两国进⾏国际贸易，A国可⽤1000个X产品与B国交换1000个Y产品，最终A 国、B国的产品总量均增加了500个。

Chapter 01True / False Questions1. The shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy is referred to as globalization.True False2. A company does not need a large size to facilitate, and benefit from, the globalization of markets.True False3. Companies hope to lower their overall cost structure or improve the quality or functionality of their productoffering through globalization of production. True False4. The most global markets currently are markets for consumer products. True False5. Outsourcing is a process that is limited to manufacturing e nterprises. True False6. The health care sector in the U.S. cannot avail the benefits of outsourcing to lowcost producers in othernations because of the nature of the work. True False7. The World Bank has focused on policing the world trading system and making sure nation-states adhere tothe rules laid down in trade treaties. True False8. The World Bank is known as the lender of the last resort.True False9. One of the UN's central mandates is the promotion of higher standards of living, full employment, andconditions of economic and social progress and development.True False10. In 2008 and 2009, the GATT became the forum though which major nations attempted to launch acoordinated policy response to the global financial crisis, which started in America.True False11.The Uruguay Round, finalized in December 1993, reduced protection for patents, trademarks, and copyrights.12."Beggar thy neighbor" retaliatory trade policies involved countries progressively lowering trade barriersagainst each other, which contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s.True False13. Rivers Inc., a U.S. based sports apparel manufacturer, sets up a production unit in China to take advantageof the lower labor costs there. This is an example of foreign direct investment.True False14. World Bank gives an aid of 100 million dollars to Kenya for creating rural health care facilities. This is anexample of foreign direct investment.True False15. The lowering of barriers to international trade enables firms to view the world, rather than a single country,as their market.True False16. According to WTO data, the volume of world merchandise trade has grown faster than the world economysince 1950.True False17. The expansion of world trade implies that nations are becoming less dependent on each other for importantgoods and services.True False18.Over the past 30 years the flow of FDI has accelerated faster than the growth in world trade and world output.True False19. The globalization of markets and production and the resulting growth of world trade, foreign directinvestment, and imports all imply that firms are finding their home markets protected from foreigncompetitors.True False20. The cost of microprocessors continues to fall, while their power increases. This statement supports thepredictions made by Moore's Law.True False21. Efficiency gains associated with containerization have caused transportation costs to fall dramatically.True False22. Low-cost global communications networks such as the World Wide Web are helping to create electronicglobal marketplaces.True False23.Globalization of markets has resulted in greater differentiation of consumer tastesand preferences.24.In the early 1960s, the United States was by far the world's dominant industrial power. However by 2009, itlost its dominant position and now, is no longer the world's largest industrial power.True False25. Non-U.S. firms increasingly began to invest across national borders because they wanted to disperseproduction activities to optimal locations and to build a direct presence in major foreign markets.True False26. A multinational enterprise (MNE) is any business that exports or imports products from other countries.True False27. A current trend in international business is the decline of medium-sized and small multinationals, known asmini-multinationals.True False28. The globalization of the world economy has resulted in a relative increase in the dominance of U.S. firms inthe global marketplace.True False29. Doing business in Russia involves risks because the country has shown signs of shifting back toward greaterstate involvement in economic activity and authoritarian g overnment.True False30.Current trends indicate the world is moving toward an economic system that is more favorable forinternational business.True False31. Globalization reduces the risks of global financial contagion.True FalseTrue False32. Globalization critics argue that the decline in unskilled wage rates is due to the migration of low-wagemanufacturing jobs offshore and a corresponding reduction in demand for unskilled workers.True False33. Evidence suggests that technological change has had a bigger impact than globalization on the d ecliningshare of national income enjoyed by labor. True False34. Recent evidence indicates that the solution to the problem of stagnant incomes among the unskilled is to befound in increasing government regulation of markets.True False35.According to supporters of free trade, as countries get richer they commit greater violation of environmentaland labor regulations.36.According to critics of globalization, today's interdependent global economy limits a nation's nationalsovereignty.True False37. Critics of globalization suggest that over the last century, the gap between the rich and poor nations of theworld has shrunken.True False38. Supporters of debt relief argue that new democratic governments in poor nations should not be forced tohonor debts incurred by corrupt and dictatorial predecessors.True False39. A firm does not have to become a multinational enterprise to engage in international business.True False40. Differences between countries require that an international business vary its practices country by country.True FalseMultiple Choice Questions41. Since the collapse of communism at the end of the 1980s, the erstwhile communist nations havetransformed their economies by globalizing their markets. This involves .A. regulating marketsB. privatizing state-owned enterprisesC. decreasing competitionD. reducing foreign investment42. Which of the following is a consequence of globalization?A. Decreasing interdependence between national economiesB. Increasing outsourcing of servicesC. Differentiation of material cultureD. Increase in barriers to cross -border trade43. Which of the following has enabled globalization of markets?A. Differentiation amongst national marketsB. Falling barriers to cross border tradeC. Reduced homogeneity of material culture across the worldD. Increased government ownership of factors of production44.Which of the following factors hinders globalization of consumer goods market? A. National differences intastes and preferencesB. Higher production costs in developed nationsC. Homogenization of material cultureD. Increasing outsourcing of goods and services45. Globalization of markets results in markets becoming .A. less interdependentB. less diverseC. more protectedD. less competitive46. A U.S. Investment firm, Fin-Smart, set up a customer service call center in India to take advantage of thelower labor costs. This is called .A. homogenizing marketsB. vertical integrationC. outsourcingD. horizontal integration47. Early outsourcing efforts were primarily confined to .A. health careB. service activitiesC. technological researchD. manufacturing activities48.Which of the following is NOT an impediment that makes it difficult for firms to achieve the optimal dispersionof their productive activities to locations around the globe?A. Reduced tariffs on imports of manufactured goodsB. Government regulationsC. Issues associated with economic and political riskD. Barriers to foreign direct investment49. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was responsible for . A. protectinggovernment owned enterprisesB. policing the global marketplaceC. limiting nuclear testingD. promoting environment friendly technology50. The is primarily responsible for policing the world trading system and making sure nation-statesadhere to the rules laid down in trade treaties signed by member states.A. International Development AssociationB. World BankC. International Court of justiceD. World Trade Organization51.The World Trade Organization promotes .A. lowering of barriers to cross-border trade and investmentB. infrastructural development in poor nations through low-interest loansTrue FalseC. state ownership of major enterprisesD. regulation of national economies52. Which of the following is true about the International Monetary Fund? A. It is primarily responsiblefor policing the world trading system.B. It is seen as the lender of last resort to nation-states whose economies are in turmoil.C. It is responsible for establishing multinational treaties to govern the global business system.D. It was established to formulate a coordinated policy response to financial crises in developing nations.53. The was established on October 24, 1945, by 51 countries committed to preserving peacethrough international cooperation and collective security. A. World Trade OrganizationB. United NationsC. G20txD. World Bank54.The G20tx was originally established to .A. preserve peace through international cooperation and collective securityB. maintain order in the international monetary systemC. formulate a coordinated policy response to financial crises in developing nationsD. manage, regulate, and police the global marketplace55. occurs when a firm exports goods or services to consumers in another country.A. International tradeB. Foreign direct investmentC. Inward investmentD. Outsourcing56. In late 2001, the WTO launched a new round of talks in Doha aimed at: A. helping member states to copewith financial crisis.B. further liberalization of the global trade and investment framework.C. protecting national economies from global competition.D. promoting higher standards of living in all member states.57. Which of the following is NOT included in world merchandise trade?A. Manufactured goodsB. Agricultural goodsC. ServicesD. Mining products58. have/has the most to gain from reductions in agricultural tariffs and subsidies that are a part of theDoha agenda.A. The world's developed nationsB. The world's poorer nationsC. European n ationsD. The United States59. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the reduction in trade barriers and restrictions on FDIsince 1950?A. Firms are dispersing parts of their production process to global locations to drive down production costsand increase product quality.B. The economies of the world's nation states are becoming more intertwined.C. Nations are becoming more independent of each other for important goods and services.D. The world has become significantly wealthier since 1950.60. The financial crisis in the U.S. in 2009 was triggered by .A. the global hike in the price of crude oilB. the slowdown in U.S. importsC. the problems in the U.S. subprime mortgage lending marketD. the artificial fixing of currency rate by China61. predicts that the power of microprocessor technology doubles and its cost of production falls in halfevery 18 months.A. Keynes's LawB. Say's LawC. Moore's LawD. Sullivan Principles62. Containerization allows:A. reduction of the time needed to get from one location to another.B. simplification of transshipment from one mode of transport to another.C. buyers and sellers to find each other easily.D. enterprises to coordinate and control a globally dispersed production system.63. The relative decline of the United States in the share of world output and world exports reflects .A. an increase in the barriers to foreign trade in the U.S.B. the deepening of the global financial crisisC. the reduced industrialization in developing nationsD. the growth in the economic development of the world economy64. In the 1970s, many Japanese firms invested in North America and Europe: A. to avoid a highly competitivedomestic market.B. to exploit high domestic tariff barriers.C. as a hedge against unfavorable currency movements.D. to take advantage of low labor costs.65.What is the total cumulative value of foreign investments best referred to as? A. Accumulation of foreignsharesB. Portfolio investmentsC. Stock of foreign direct investmentsD. Stock market investments66. Throughout the 1990s, the amount of foreign direct investment directed at both developed and developingnations increased dramatically. This trend reflects: A. a slowdown in global economic activity.B. the increasing share of the U.S. in the total FDI stock.C. the decline i n cross -border flows of foreign direct investment.D. the increasing internationalization of business corporations.67. Which of the following countries has been the largest recipient of foreign direct investment and receivedabout $60 billion to $100 billion a year in inflows in 2004-2009?A. BrazilTrue False。

《国际商务》复习题（16.10）考试题型：一、单项选择题：15分二、多项选择题：10分三、填空题：10分四、名词解释：15分五、简答题：30分六、论述题：20分第一章国际贸易与国际投资基本理论一、单项选择题1.资本主义早期的国际贸易理论是 AA.重商主义B.重农主义C.凯恩斯主义D.超保护贸易主义2.对资本主义生产方式最早的理论探讨是 BA.重农主义B.重商主义C.凯恩斯主义D.马克思主义3.属于贸易保护理论的是 AA.贸易乘数理论B.绝对成本论C.比较成本论D.要素禀赋说4.将取之于对外贸易中的货币仅作为财富珍藏下来，而不再投入对外贸易流通的理论称之为 AA.货币差额论B.贸易乘数理论C.贸易差额论D.贸易平衡论5.将货币当作资本，以便从对外贸易中得到更多货币的理论称之为 CA.货币差额论B.贸易乘数理论C.贸易差额论D.货币平衡论6.晚期重商主义最杰出的代表人物是 BA.斯塔福德B.托马斯·孟C.博丹D.孟克列钦7.提出保护幼稚工业学说的经济学家是 DA.斯塔福德B.托马斯·孟C.凯恩斯D.斯特8.在第一次世界大战与第二次世界大战之间盛行的贸易保护政策是A.早期重商主义B.晚期重商主义C.超保护贸易主义D.新贸易保护主义9.属于贸易保护理论代表人物的是 DA.亚当·斯密B.大卫·嘉图C.俄林D.凯恩斯10.凯恩斯的代表作是 DA.《国富论》B.《政治经济学及赋税原理》C.《政治经济学的国民体系》D.《就业、利息和货币通论》11.为证明增加新投资对就业和国民收入的好处，凯恩斯提出了 BA.重商主义学说B.投资乘数理论C.比较成本理论D.保护幼稚工业学说12.属于自由贸易理论的是 CA.贸易乘数理论B.货币差额论C.绝对成本论D.贸易差额论13.属于自由贸易理论代表人物的是 AA.亚当·斯密B.托马斯·孟C.斯特D.凯恩斯14.在历史上第一次从生产领域出发，说明国际贸易发生与发展必然性的理论是 AA.绝对成本论B.比较成本论C.重商主义D.要素禀赋说15.大卫·嘉图的代表作是 BA.《国富论》B.《政治经济学及赋税原理》C.《就业、利息和货币通论》D.《英国得自对外贸易的财富》16.提出依附理论的经济学家是 DA.凯伦B.格鲁贝尔C.巴D.萨米尔·阿明17.认为在劳动要素的质的方面具有相对优势，有利于生产和出口技术密集型产品的理论是 DA.依附理论B.绝对成本论C.比较成本论D.人力技能与人力资本理论18.提出偏好相似理论的经济学家是 BA.俄林B.林德C.赫克歇尔D.凯恩斯19.从需求方面，即由人均收入水平的相同来解释国际贸易商品流向的理论是 CA.产业贸易理论B.新贸易理论C.偏好相似理论D.依附理论20.最早的现代跨国直接投资理论是 CA.竞争优势理论B.产品周期理论C.断优势理论D.国际生产折衷理论21.产品周期理论的首创者是 BA.海默B.维农C.邓宁D.波特22.维农从美国制造业的情况出发，将产品周期分为三个阶段，其中不包括 DA.成熟产品阶段B.新产品阶段C.标准化产品阶段D.专业化产品阶段23.目前对跨国公司及直接投资影响最大的一种理论是 DA.竞争优势理论B.产品周期理论C.垄断优势理论D.国际生产折衷理论24.提出国际生产折衷理论的是 CA.海默B.维农C.邓宁D.波特25.国际生产折衷理论的核心是提出了三个决定一国企业对外直接投资的变量，其中不包括 AA.竞争优势B.所有权优势C.部化优势D.区位优势26.世界各国（地区）之间货物和服务交换的活动称为 AA.国际贸易B.出口贸易C.进口贸易D.进出口贸易27.一国（地区）与其他国家（地区）之间商品和服务的交换活动称为 DA.国际贸易B.世界贸易C.全球贸易D.对外贸易28.一个国家（地区）在一定时期出口额与进口额的相差数称为 CA.贸易顺差B.贸易逆差C.贸易差额D.国际收支差额29.一个国家在一定时期出口贸易额和进口贸易额之和称为 AA.对外贸易额B.对外贸易量C.国际贸易额D.国际贸易量30.世界各国出口贸易额的总和称为 BA.对外贸易额B.国际贸易额C.净出口额D.累计出口额31.出口商品价格与进口商品价格之间的比率称为 AA.贸易条件B.贸易差额C.出超D.入超32.用一个简短的概念或英文缩写字母来表示价格的构成和交易的其他条件，称为 CA.贸易方式B.贸易工具C.贸易术语D.贸易条件33.仅适用于海运和河运输的国际贸易术语是 AA.FOBB.FCAC.CPTD.CIP34.适用于各种运输方式的国际贸易术语是 BA.FOBB.FCAC.CFRD.CIF35.货物的有关保险手续应当由卖方负责办理的国际贸易术语是 AA.CIFB.FOBC.FCAD.CPT36.以银行为付款人的即期汇票是 AA.支票B.汇票C.本票D.信用证二、多项选择题1.属于贸易保护理论的有 ADEA.货币差额论B.比较成本论C.绝对成本论D.贸易乘数理论E.贸易差额论2.贸易保护理论的代表人物有 ABCDA.汉密尔顿B.托马斯·孟C.凯恩斯D.斯特E.亚当•斯密3.早期重商主义的代表有 ABEA.孟克列钦B.博丹C.亚当•斯密D.大卫·嘉图E.威廉•斯塔福德4.晚期重商主义的代表主要有 BDEA.俄林B.柯尔培尔C.赫克歇尔D.托马斯·孟E.安东尼奥•塞拉5.属于自由贸易理论的有 BCEA.贸易差额论B.比较成本论C.绝对成本论D.贸易乘数理论E.要素禀赋说6.自由贸易理论的代表人物有 BCDEA.凯恩斯B.亚当·斯密C.赫克歇尔D.俄林E.大卫·嘉图7.古典自由贸易理论有 BCA.贸易差额论B.比较成本论C.绝对成本论D.货币差额论E.要素禀赋说8.当出口贸易额大于进口贸易额时，可称之为 ADEA.贸易顺差B.贸易逆差C.贸易赤字D.贸易盈余E.出超9.当出口贸易额小于进口贸易额时，可称之为 BCEA.贸易顺差B.贸易逆差C.贸易赤字D.出超E.入超10.仅适用于海运和河运输的国际贸易术语有 ABCA.FOBB.CFRC.CIFD.FCAE.CPT11.适用于各种运输方式的国际贸易术语有 ADEA.CIPB.CFRC.CIFD.FCAE.CPT12.货物的风险在船舷转移的国际贸易术语有 ABEA.FOBB.CFRC.CIPD.FCAE.CIF三、填空题1.贸易保护的起点是（重商主义）。

Chapter 01 Globalization Answer KeyTrue / False Questions1.The shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy isreferred to as globalization.TRUEGlobalization refers to the shift toward a more integrated and interdependentworld economy. It has several facets, including the globalization of markets and the globalization of production.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: What Is Globalization?2. A company does not need a large size to facilitate, and benefit from, theglobalization of markets.TRUEA company does not have to be the size of multinational giants to facilitate, andbenefit from, the globalization of markets. In the United States, for example,nearly 90 percent of firms that export are small businesses employing less than 100 people, and their share of total U.S. exports has grown steadily over thepast decade to now exceed 20 percent.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: What Is Globalization?panies hope to lower their overall cost structure or improve the quality orfunctionality of their product offering through globalization of production.TRUEThe globalization of production refers to the sourcing of goods and servicesfrom locations around the globe to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production. By doing this, companies hope tolower their overall cost structure or improve the quality or functionality of their product offering, thereby allowing them to compete more effectively.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: What Is Globalization?4.The most global markets currently are markets for consumer products.FALSEThe most global markets currently are not markets for consumer products—where national differences in tastes and preferences are still often importantenough to act as a brake on globalization—but markets for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: What Is Globalization?5.Outsourcing is a process that is limited to manufacturing enterprises.FALSEEarly outsourcing efforts were primarily confined to manufacturing activities.Increasingly, however, companies are taking advantage of moderncommunications technology, particularly the Internet, to outsource serviceactivities to low-cost producers in other nations.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: What Is Globalization?6.The health care sector in the U.S. cannot avail the benefits of outsourcing tolow-cost producers in other nations because of the nature of the work.FALSEIn 2008 some 34,000 Filipinos were transcribing American medical files. Some estimates suggest the outsourcing of many administrative procedures in health care, such as customer service and claims processing, could reduce healthcare costs in America by as much as $70 billion.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: What Is Globalization?7.The World Bank has focused on policing the world trading system and makingsure nation-states adhere to the rules laid down in trade treaties.FALSEThe World Trade Organization is primarily responsible for policing the worldtrading system and making sure nation-states adhere to the rules laid down in trade treaties signed by WTO member states. The World Bank was set up to promote economic development.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: The Emergence of Global Institutions 8.The World Bank is known as the lender of the last resort.FALSEThe IMF was established to maintain order in the international monetarysystem. It is often seen as the lender of last resort to nation-states whoseeconomies are in turmoil and whose currencies are losing value against those of other nations.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: The Emergence of Global Institutions9.One of the UN's central mandates is the promotion of higher standards ofliving, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress anddevelopment.TRUEAlthough the UN is perhaps best known for its peacekeeping role, one of theorganization's central mandates is the promotion of higher standards of living, full employment, and conditions of economic and social progress anddevelopment—all issues that are central to the creation of a vibrant globaleconomy.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: The Emergence of Global Institutions10.In 2008 and 2009, the GATT became the forum though which major nationsattempted to launch a coordinated policy response to the global financial crisis, which started in America.FALSEOriginally, the G20tx was established to formulate a coordinated policyresponse to financial crises in developing nations. In 2008 and 2009 it became the forum though which major nations attempted to launch a coordinated policy response to the global financial crisis that started in America and then rapidly spread around the world.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: The Emergence of Global Institutions11.The Uruguay Round, finalized in December 1993, reduced protection forpatents, trademarks, and copyrights.FALSEUnder the umbrella of GATT, the most recent negotiations to be completed,known as the Uruguay Round, were finalized in December 1993. The Uruguay Round provided enhanced protection for patents, trademarks, and copyrights.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-02 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.Topic: Drivers of Globalization12."Beggar thy neighbor" retaliatory trade policies involved countries progressivelylowering trade barriers against each other, which contributed to the GreatDepression of the 1930s.FALSEThe typical aim of tariffs on imports of manufactured goods was to protectdomestic industries from foreign competition. One consequence, however, was "beggar thy neighbor" retaliatory trade policies, with countries progressivelyraising trade barriers against each other. Ultimately, this depressed worlddemand and contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-02 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.Topic: Drivers of Globalization13.Rivers Inc., a U.S. based sports apparel manufacturer, sets up a productionunit in China to take advantage of the lower labor costs there. This is anexample of foreign direct investment.TRUEForeign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests resources inbusiness activities outside its home country.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty: 2 MediumLearning Objective: 01-02 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.Topic: Drivers of Globalization14.World Bank gives an aid of 100 million dollars to Kenya for creating rural healthcare facilities. This is an example of foreign direct investment.FALSEForeign direct investment (FDI) occurs when a firm invests resources inbusiness activities outside its home country.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty: 2 MediumLearning Objective: 01-02 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.Topic: Drivers of Globalization15.The lowering of barriers to international trade enables firms to view the world,rather than a single country, as their market.TRUEThe lowering of barriers to international trade enables firms to view the world, rather than a single country, as their market.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-02 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.Topic: Drivers of Globalization16.According to WTO data, the volume of world merchandise trade has grownfaster than the world economy since 1950.TRUEAccording to WTO data, the volume of world merchandise trade has grownfaster than the world economy since 1950.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-02 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.Topic: Drivers of Globalization17.The expansion of world trade implies that nations are becoming less dependenton each other for important goods and services.FALSEThe economies of the world's nation-states are becoming more intertwined. As trade expands, nations are becoming increasingly dependent on each other for important goods and services.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty: 2 MediumLearning Objective: 01-02 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.Topic: Drivers of Globalization18.Over the past 30 years the flow of FDI has accelerated faster than the growthin world trade and world output.TRUEIn general, over the past 30 years the flow of FDI has accelerated faster thanthe growth in world trade and world output. For example, between 1992 and2008, the total flow of FDI from all countries increased more than eightfoldwhile world trade by value grew by some 150 percent and world output byaround 45 percent.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty: 2 MediumLearning Objective: 01-02 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.Topic: Drivers of Globalization19.The globalization of markets and production and the resulting growth of worldtrade, foreign direct investment, and imports all imply that firms are finding their home markets protected from foreign competitors.FALSEThe globalization of markets and production and the resulting growth of world trade, foreign direct investment, and imports all imply that firms are finding their home markets under attack from foreign competitors.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty: 2 MediumLearning Objective: 01-02 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.Topic: Drivers of Globalization20.The cost of microprocessors continues to fall, while their power increases. Thisstatement supports the predictions made by Moore's Law.TRUEThe cost of microprocessors continues to fall, while their power increases (aphenomenon known as Moore's Law, which predicts that the power ofmicroprocessor technology doubles and its cost of production falls in half every18 months).AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty: 2 MediumLearning Objective: 01-02 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.Topic: Drivers of Globalization21.Efficiency gains associated with containerization have caused transportationcosts to fall dramatically.TRUEContainerization has revolutionized the transportation business, significantlylowering the costs of shipping goods over long distances.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty: 2 MediumLearning Objective: 01-02 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.Topic: Drivers of Globalization22.Low-cost global communications networks such as the World Wide Web arehelping to create electronic global marketplaces.TRUELow-cost global communications networks such as the World Wide Web arehelping to create electronic global marketplaces.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-02 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.Topic: Drivers of Globalization23.Globalization of markets has resulted in greater differentiation of consumertastes and preferences.FALSEGlobalization of markets has reduced the cultural distance between countries and is bringing about some convergence of consumer tastes and preferences.At the same time, global communication networks and global media arecreating a worldwide culture.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty: 2 MediumLearning Objective: 01-02 Recognize the main drivers of globalization.Topic: Drivers of Globalization24.In the early 1960s, the United States was by far the world's dominant industrialpower. However by 2009, it lost its dominant position and now, is no longer the world's largest industrial power.FALSEIn the early 1960s, the United States was still by far the world's dominantindustrial power. In 1963 the United States accounted for 40.3 percent of world economic activity, measured by gross domestic product (GDP). By 2009, the United States accounted for 24.1 percent of world output (measured by gross national income, or GNI), still the world's largest industrial power but downsignificantly in relative size since the 1960s.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty: 2 MediumLearning Objective: 01-03 Describe the changing nature of the global economy.Topic: The Changing Demographics of the Global Economy25.Non-U.S. firms increasingly began to invest across national borders becausethey wanted to disperse production activities to optimal locations and to build a direct presence in major foreign markets.TRUEAs the barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital fell, and as other countries increased their shares of world output, non-U.S. firms increasinglybegan to invest across national borders. The motivation for much of this foreign direct investment by non-U.S. firms was the desire to disperse productionactivities to optimal locations and to build a direct presence in major foreignmarkets.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty: 2 MediumLearning Objective: 01-03 Describe the changing nature of the global economy.Topic: The Changing Demographics of the Global Economy26. A multinational enterprise (MNE) is any business that exports or importsproducts from other countries.FALSEA multinational enterprise (MNE) is any business that has productive activitiesin two or more countries.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberLearning Objective: 01-03 Describe the changing nature of the global economy.Topic: The Changing Demographics of the Global Economy27. A current trend in international business is the decline of medium-sized andsmall multinationals, known as mini-multinationals.FALSESince the 1960s, two notable trends in the demographics of the multinational enterprise have been (1) the rise of non-U.S. multinationals and (2) the growth of mini-multinationals.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-03 Describe the changing nature of the global economy.Topic: The Changing Demographics of the Global Economy28.The globalization of the world economy has resulted in a relative increase inthe dominance of U.S. firms in the global marketplace.FALSEBy 2008 some 19 of the world's 100 largest nonfinancial multinationals werenow U.S. enterprises; 13 were French; 13, German; 14, British; and 10,Japanese. The globalization of the world economy has resulted in a relativedecline in the dominance of U.S. firms in the global marketplace.AACSB: AnalyticDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-03 Describe the changing nature of the global economy.Topic: The Changing Demographics of the Global Economy29.Doing business in Russia involves risks because the country has shown signsof shifting back toward greater state involvement in economic activity andauthoritarian government.TRUEDisturbing signs of growing unrest and totalitarian tendencies continue to beseen in several Eastern European and Central Asian states, including Russia, which has shown signs of shifting back toward greater state involvement ineconomic activity and authoritarian government. Thus, the risks involved indoing business in such countries are high, but so may be the returns.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-03 Describe the changing nature of the global economy.Topic: The Changing Demographics of the Global Economy30.Current trends indicate the world is moving toward an economic system that ismore favorable for international business.TRUEOver the next few decades, countries such as the Czech Republic, Mexico,Poland, Brazil, China, India, and South Africa may build powerful market-oriented economies. Current trends indicate the world is moving toward aneconomic system that is more favorable for international business.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty: 2 MediumLearning Objective: 01-03 Describe the changing nature of the global economy.Topic: The Changing Demographics of the Global Economy 31.Globalization reduces the risks of global financial contagion.FALSEEven from a purely economic perspective, globalization is not all good. Theopportunities for doing business in a global economy may be significantlyenhanced, but as we saw in 1997-1998, the risks associated with globalfinancial contagion are also greater.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty: 2 MediumLearning Objective: 01-03 Describe the changing nature of the global economy.Topic: The Changing Demographics of the Global Economy32.Globalization critics argue that the decline in unskilled wage rates is due to themigration of low-wage manufacturing jobs offshore and a correspondingreduction in demand for unskilled workers.TRUEGlobalization critics argue that the decline in unskilled wage rates is due to the migration of low-wage manufacturing jobs offshore and a correspondingreduction in demand for unskilled workers.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-04 Explain the main arguments in the debate over the impact of globalization.Topic: The Globalization Debate33.Evidence suggests that technological change has had a bigger impact thanglobalization on the declining share of national income enjoyed by labor.TRUEEvidence suggests that technological change has had a bigger impact thanglobalization on the declining share of national income enjoyed by labor.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-04 Explain the main arguments in the debate over the impact of globalization.Topic: The Globalization Debate34.Recent evidence indicates that the solution to the problem of stagnant incomesamong the unskilled is to be found in increasing government regulation ofmarkets.FALSEEvidence suggests that technological change has had a bigger impact thanglobalization on the declining share of national income enjoyed by labor. This suggests that a solution to the problem of slow real income growth among the unskilled is to be found in increasing society's investment in education toreduce the supply of unskilled workers.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-04 Explain the main arguments in the debate over the impact of globalization.Topic: The Globalization Debate35.According to supporters of free trade, as countries get richer they commitgreater violation of environmental and labor regulations.FALSESupporters of free trade and greater globalization argue that tougherenvironmental regulations and stricter labor standards go hand in hand witheconomic progress. In general, as countries get richer, they enact tougherenvironmental and labor regulations.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-04 Explain the main arguments in the debate over the impact of globalization.Topic: The Globalization Debate36.According to critics of globalization, today's interdependent global economylimits a nation's national sovereignty.TRUEA concern voiced by critics of globalization is that today's increasinglyinterdependent global economy shifts economic power away from nationalgovernments and toward supranational organizations such as the World Trade Organization, the European Union, and the United Nations.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-04 Explain the main arguments in the debate over the impact of globalization.Topic: The Globalization Debate37.Critics of globalization suggest that over the last century, the gap between therich and poor nations of the world has shrunken.FALSECritics of globalization argue that despite the supposed benefits associatedwith free trade and investment, over the past hundred years or so the gapbetween the rich and poor nations of the world has gotten wider.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-04 Explain the main arguments in the debate over the impact of globalization.Topic: The Globalization Debate38.Supporters of debt relief argue that new democratic governments in poornations should not be forced to honor debts incurred by corrupt and dictatorial predecessors.TRUESupporters of debt relief argue that new democratic governments in poornations should not be forced to honor debts that were incurred andmismanaged long ago by their corrupt and dictatorial predecessors.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-04 Explain the main arguments in the debate over the impact of globalization.Topic: The Globalization Debate39. A firm does not have to become a multinational enterprise to engage ininternational business.TRUEAn international business is any firm that engages in international trade orinvestment. A firm does not have to become a multinational enterprise,investing directly in operations in other countries, to engage in internationalbusiness, although multinational enterprises are international businesses.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-05 Understand how the process of globalization is creating opportunities and challenges for businessmanagers.Topic: Managing in the Global Marketplace40.Differences between countries require that an international business vary itspractices country by country.TRUEAs their organizations increasingly engage in cross-border trade andinvestment, managers need to recognize that the task of managing aninternational business differs from that of managing a purely domestic business in many ways. Differences between countries require that an internationalbusiness vary its practices country by country.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-05 Understand how the process of globalization is creating opportunities and challenges for businessmanagers.Topic: Managing in the Global Marketplace Multiple Choice Questions41.Since the collapse of communism at the end of the 1980s, the erstwhilecommunist nations have transformed their economies by globalizing theirmarkets. This involves _____.A.r egulating marketsB.p rivatizing state-owned enterprisesC.d ecreasing competitionD.r educing foreign investmentSince the collapse of communism at the end of the 1980s, the pendulum ofpublic policy in nation after nation has swung toward the free market end of the economic spectrum. Regulatory and administrative barriers to doing business in foreign nations have been reduced, while those nations have oftentransformed their economies, privatizing state-owned enterprises, deregulating markets, increasing competition, and welcoming investment by foreignbusinesses.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: Introduction42.Which of the following is a consequence of globalization?A.D ecreasing interdependence between national economiesB.I ncreasing outsourcing of servicesC.D ifferentiation of material cultureD.I ncrease in barriers to cross-border tradeThe process of outsourcing legal services from developed nations to lower-cost locations is indicative of what is occurring in today's global economy. Because of rapid advances in telecommunications and the removal of barriers to cross-border trade and investment, such outsourcing is becoming increasinglycommon.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: UnderstandDifficulty: 2 MediumLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: Introduction43.Which of the following has enabled globalization of markets?A.D ifferentiation amongst national marketsB.F alling barriers to cross border tradeC.R educed homogeneity of material culture across the worldD.I ncreased government ownership of factors of productionThe globalization of markets refers to the merging of historically distinct andseparate national markets into one huge global marketplace. Falling barriers to cross-border trade have made it easier to sell internationally.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: What Is Globalization?44.Which of the following factors hinders globalization of consumer goodsmarket?A.N ational differences in tastes and preferencesB.H igher production costs in developed nationsC.H omogenization of material cultureD.I ncreasing outsourcing of goods and servicesThe most global markets currently are not markets for consumer products—where national differences in tastes and preferences are still often importantenough to act as a brake on globalization—but markets for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: What Is Globalization?45.Globalization of markets results in markets becoming _____.A.l ess interdependentB.l ess diverseC.m ore protectedD.l ess competitiveAs markets become global, greater uniformity replaces diversity. In anincreasing number of industries, it is no longer meaningful to talk about "theGerman market," "the American market," "the Brazilian market," or "theJapanese market"; for many firms there is only the global market.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: RememberDifficulty: 1 EasyLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: What Is Globalization?46. A U.S. Investment firm, Fin-Smart, set up a customer service call center inIndia to take advantage of the lower labor costs. This is called _____.A.h omogenizing marketsB.v ertical integrationC.o utsourcingD.h orizontal integrationEarly outsourcing efforts were primarily confined to manufacturing activities;increasingly, however, companies are taking advantage of moderncommunications technology, particularly the Internet, to outsource serviceactivities to low-cost producers in other nations.AACSB: AnalyticBlooms: ApplyDifficulty: 3 HardLearning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization.Topic: What Is Globalization?。

Chapter 01True / False Questions1. The shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy is referred to as globalization.True False2. A company does not need a large size to facilitate, and benefit from, the globalization of markets.True False3. Companies hope to lower their overall cost structure or improve the quality or functionality of their productoffering through globalization of production. True False4. The most global markets currently are markets for consumer products. True False5. Outsourcing is a process that is limited to manufacturing enterprises. True False6. The health care sector in the U.S. cannot avail the benefits of outsourcing to lowcost producers in othernations because of the nature of the work. True False7. The World Bank has focused on policing the world trading system and making sure nation-states adhereto the rules laid down in trade treaties. True False8. The World Bank is known as the lender of the last resort.True False9. One of the UN's central mandates is the promotion of higher standards of living, full employment, andconditions of economic and social progress and development.True False10. In 2008 and 2009, the GATT became the forum though which major nations attempted to launch acoordinated policy response to the global financial crisis, which started in America.True False11. The Uruguay Round, finalized in December 1993, reduced protection for patents, trademarks, andcopyrights.12. "Beggar thy neighbor" retaliatory trade policies involved countries progressively lowering tradebarriers against each other, which contributed to the Great Depression of the 1930s.True False13. Rivers Inc., a U.S. based sports apparel manufacturer, sets up a production unit in China to takeadvantage of the lower labor costs there. This is an example of foreign direct investment.True False14. World Bank gives an aid of 100 million dollars to Kenya for creating rural health care facilities. This is anexample of foreign direct investment.True False15. The lowering of barriers to international trade enables firms to view the world, rather than a singlecountry, as their market.True False16. According to WTO data, the volume of world merchandise trade has grown faster than the worldeconomy since 1950.True False17. The expansion of world trade implies that nations are becoming less dependent on each other for importantgoods and services.True False18.Over the past 30 years the flow of FDI has accelerated faster than the growth in world trade and worldoutput.True False19. The globalization of markets and production and the resulting growth of world trade, foreign directinvestment, and imports all imply that firms are finding their home markets protected from foreign competitors.True False20. The cost of microprocessors continues to fall, while their power increases. This statement supports thepredictions made by Moore's Law.True False21. Efficiency gains associated with containerization have caused transportation costs to falldramatically.True False22. Low-cost global communications networks such as the World Wide Web are helping to create electronicglobal marketplaces.True False23. Globalization of markets has resulted in greater differentiation of consumer tastes and preferences.24.In the early 1960s, the United States was by far the world's dominant industrial power. However by 2009,it lost its dominant position and now, is no longer the world's largest industrial power.True False25. Non-U.S. firms increasingly began to invest across national borders because they wanted to disperseproduction activities to optimal locations and to build a direct presence in major foreign markets.True False26. A multinational enterprise (MNE) is any business that exports or imports products from other countries.True False27. A current trend in international business is the decline of medium-sized and small multinationals, knownas mini-multinationals.True False28. The globalization of the world economy has resulted in a relative increase in the dominance of U.S. firmsin the global marketplace.True False29. Doing business in Russia involves risks because the country has shown signs of shifting back towardgreater state involvement in economic activity and authoritarian government.30. Current trends indicate the world is moving toward an economic system that is more favorable forinternational business.True False31. Globalization reduces the risks of global financial contagion.True False32. Globalization critics argue that the decline in unskilled wage rates is due to the migration of low- wagemanufacturing jobs offshore and a corresponding reduction in demand for unskilled workers. True False 33. Evidence suggests that technological change has had a bigger impact than globalization on the decliningshare of national income enjoyed by labor. True False34. Recent evidence indicates that the solution to the problem of stagnant incomes among the unskilled is tobe found in increasing government regulation of markets.True False35. According to supporters of free trade, as countries get richer they commit greater violation ofenvironmental and labor regulations.36. According to critics of globalization, today's interdependent global economy limits a nation's nationalsovereignty.True False37. Critics of globalization suggest that over the last century, the gap between the rich and poor nations ofthe world has shrunken.True False38. Supporters of debt relief argue that new democratic governments in poor nations should not be forced tohonor debts incurred by corrupt and dictatorial predecessors.True FalseA firm does not have to become a multinational enterprise to engage in international business.True False39. Differences between countries require that an international business vary its practices country bycountry.True FalseMultiple Choice Questions40. Since the collapse of communism at the end of the 1980s, the erstwhile communist nations havetransformed their economies by globalizing their markets. This involves.A. regulating marketsB. privatizing state-owned enterprisesC. decreasing competitionD. reducing foreign investment41. Which of the following is a consequence of globalization?A. Decreasing interdependence between national economiesB. Increasing outsourcing of servicesC. Differentiation of material cultureD. Increase in barriers to cross -border trade42. Which of the following has enabled globalization of markets?A. Differentiation amongst national marketsB. Falling barriers to cross border tradeC. Reduced homogeneity of material culture across the worldD. Increased government ownership of factors of production43. Which of the following factors hinders globalization of consumer goods market? A. National differences intastes and preferencesB. Higher production costs in developed nationsC. Homogenization of material cultureD. Increasing outsourcing of goods and servicesGlobalization of markets results in markets becoming.A. less interdependentB. less diverseC. more protectedD. less competitive44. A U.S. Investment firm, Fin-Smart, set up a customer service call center in India to take advantage of thelower labor costs. This is called.A. homogenizing marketsB. vertical integrationC. outsourcingD. horizontal integration45. Early outsourcing efforts were primarily confined to.A. health careB. service activitiesC. technological researchD. manufacturing activities46. Which of the following is NOT an impediment that makes it difficult for firms to achieve the optimaldispersion of their productive activities to locations around the globe?A. Reduced tariffs on imports of manufactured goodsB. Government regulationsC. Issues associated with economic and political riskD. Barriers to foreign direct investment47. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) was responsible for. A. protecting governmentowned enterprisesB. policing the global marketplaceC. limiting nuclear testingD. promoting environment friendly technology48. The is primarily responsible for policing the world trading system and making sure nationstates adhere to the rules laid down in trade treaties signed by member states.A. International Development AssociationB. World BankC. International Court of justiceD. World Trade Organization49. The World Trade Organization promotes.A. lowering of barriers to cross-border trade and investmentB. infrastructural development in poor nations through low-interest loansC. state ownership of major enterprisesD. regulation of national economies50. Which of the following is true about the International Monetary Fund? A. It is primarily responsible forpolicing the world trading system.B. It is seen as the lender of last resort to nation-states whose economies are in turmoil.C. It is responsible for establishing multinational treaties to govern the global business system.D. It was established to formulate a coordinated policy response to financial crises in developing nations.51. The was established on October 24, 1945, by 51 countries committed to preservingpeace through international cooperation and collective security. A. World Trade OrganizationB. United NationsC. G20txD. World Bank52. The G20tx was originally established to.A. preserve peace through international cooperation and collective securityB. maintain order in the international monetary systemC. formulate a coordinated policy response to financial crises in developing nationsD. manage, regulate, and police the global marketplace55.occurs when a firm exports goods or services to consumers in another country.A. International tradeB. Foreign direct investmentC. Inward investmentD. Outsourcing56. I n late 2001, the WTO launched a new round of talks in Doha aimed at: A. helping member states tocope with financial crisis.B. further liberalization of the global trade and investment framework.C. protecting national economies from global competition.D. promoting higher standards of living in all member states.57. Which of the following is NOT included in world merchandise trade?A. Manufactured goodsB. Agricultural goodsC. ServicesD. Mining products58. h ave/has the most to gain from reductions in agricultural tariffs and subsidies that are a part of the Dohaagenda.A. The world's developed nationsB. The world's poorer nationsC. European nationsD. The United States59. W hich of the following is NOT a consequence of the reduction in trade barriers and restrictions on FDIsince 1950?A. Firms are dispersing parts of their production process to global locations to drive down productioncosts and increase product quality.B. The economies of the world's nation states are becoming more intertwined.C. Nations are becoming more independent of each other for important goods and services.D. The world has become significantly wealthier since 1950.60. The financial crisis in the U.S. in 2009 was triggered by.A. the global hike in the price of crude oilB. the slowdown in U.S. importsC. the problems in the U.S. subprime mortgage lending marketD. the artificial fixing of currency rate by China61. p redicts that the power of microprocessor technology doubles and its cost of production falls in half every18 months.A. Keynes's LawB. Say's LawC. Moore's LawD. Sullivan Principles62. Containerization allows:A. reduction of the time needed to get from one location to another.B. simplification of transshipment from one mode of transport to another.C. buyers and sellers to find each other easily.D. enterprises to coordinate and control a globally dispersed production system.63. The relative decline of the United States in the share of world output and world exports reflectsA. an increase in the barriers to foreign trade in the U.S.B. the deepening of the global financial crisisC. the reduced industrialization in developing nationsD. the growth in the economic development of the world economy64. I n the 1970s, many Japanese firms invested in North America and Europe: A. to avoid a highlycompetitive domestic market.B. to exploit high domestic tariff barriers.C. as a hedge against unfavorable currency movements.D. to take advantage of low labor costs.65. W hat is the total cumulative value of foreign investments best referred to as? A. Accumulation of foreignsharesB. Portfolio investmentsC. Stock of foreign direct investmentsD. Stock market investments66. T hroughout the 1990s, the amount of foreign direct investment directed at both developed anddeveloping nations increased dramatically. This trend reflects: A. a slowdown in global economic activity.B. the increasing share of the U.S. in the total FDI stock.C. the decline in cross -border flows of foreign direct investment.D. the increasing internationalization of business corporations.67. W hich of the following countries has been the largest recipient of foreign direct investment and receivedabout $60 billion to $100 billion a year in inflows in 2004-2009?A. BrazilB. RussiaC. IndiaD. China68. A multinational enterprise (MNE) is a firm that.A. exports its products to multiple countriesB. has production units in more than two countriesC. does most of its business on the InternetD. lists its securities on a public exchange69. W hich of these statements pertaining to cross-border FDI flows is true? A. There was a growth of FDIbetween 2004 and 2007.B. A slump in FDI from 1998 to 2000 was followed by a surge from 2001 to 2003.C. Among developing nations, the largest recipient of FDI has been Russia.D. The dramatic increase in FDI reflects the decreasing internationalization of business corporations.70. S ince the 1960s, which of the following has been a notable trend in the demographics of the multinationalenterprise?A. The decline of multinational companies in the manufacturing sectorB. The growth of government-owned multinational enterprisesC. The decline of non -U.S. multinationalsD. The growth of mini -multinationals71. In the last two decades, Latin American countries like Brazil, Mexico, and Chile have.A. embraced communist principlesB. promoted government ownership of enterprisesC. experienced increasing debt and inflationD. welcomed foreign investment72. Which of the following is a risk associated with globalization?A. Restrictions on competitionB. Global financial contagionC. Excessive market regulationD. Differentiation of markets73.Supporters of globalization maintain that the apparent decline in real wage rates of unskilled workers:A. is due to technological changes that create greater demand for skilled workers.B. is due to the migration of low-wage manufacturing jobs offshore.C. can be checked by increasing government ownership of enterprises.D. can be checked by limiting free trade and foreign investment.74. A study published in 2011 by the OECD noted that:A. the real household income of the unskilled workers in the U.S. increased more in comparison to thatof the skilled workers.B. in almost all countries real income levels declined over the 20-year period studied.C. falling unemployment rates brought gains to low -wage workers and fairly broad-based wagegrowth.D. the gap between the poorest and richest segments of society in some OECD countries had widened.75. A number of econometric studies have found consistent evidence of a humpshaped relationship betweenincome levels and pollution levels. According to this, as an economy grows and income levels rise:A. initially the pollution levels remain lowB. after a while the pollution levels decreaseC. the pollution levels also rise in proportion to the economic growthD. there is increasing industrialization which leads to greater pollution76. NAFTA was passed only after:A. China agreed to establish a higher minimum wage.B. the U.S. agreed to limit the number of jobs that could be outsourced.C. Mexico committed to tougher enforcement of environmental protection regulations.D. Canada committed to establish new limits on FDI.77. Globalization is criticized because it increases the power of.A. governments to own enterprisesB. unskilled labor to form labor unionsC. supranational organizations over nation -statesD. nation -states to regulate markets and reduce competition78. T he World Trade Organization has estimated that the developed nations of the world can raise globaleconomic welfare by $128 billion by: A. removing subsidies given to their agricultural producers.B. increasing tariff barriers to trade in agriculture.C. increasing outsourcing of manufacturing processes.D. reducing defence expenditure.79. An international business, unlike a multinational enterprise,.A. needs to have manufacturing units in at least two foreign nationsB. needs to manufacture products or provide services that target a global marketC. need not customize its products to the requirements of national marketsD. need not invest directly in operations in other countries80. Which of the following statements is true about an international business?A. An international business needs to invest directly in operations in other countries.B. An international business needs to have homogenous practices across countries.C. An international business can be managed in the same way that a domestic business is managed.D. An international business must find ways to work within the limits imposed by governmentintervention.。

第1章国际贸易的优势一、选择题1.将工作分解成能由单个工人完成的具体任务，这种做法指的是（ C ）。

A.委派B.任务管理C.劳动分工D.劳动生产率2.属于内部规模经济的是（ C ）。

A.聚集经济B.辅助产业的存在C.风险承担经济D.支持性服务的存在3.属于外部规模经济的是（D ）。

A．金融经济B．技术经济C．商业经济D．产业集聚经济阅读下面的材料，完成4~7题Urbania 和Ruralia是拥有同样数量经济资源的两个经济实体，它们能够生产农业和工业产品。

下面的表格说明了如果两个国家分别用50%的资源生产每种产品的可能数量。

4.如果两个国家都决定利用其全部资源生产各自拥有最大比较优势的产品，那么新的农产品的总产量是（ D ）。

A.28000B.16000C.12000D.20000吨5.如果两个国家都决定利用其全部资源生产各自拥有最大比较优势的产品，那么新的工业品的总产量是（ B ）。

A.90 000单位B.120 000单位C.165 000单位D.150 000单位6.在Urbania，农业产品的机会成本比率是（ A ）。

A．1吨：4.5单位B．6.0 单位：1吨C．10吨：60单位D．18吨：45单位7.在Ruralia，工业产品的机会成本比率是（B）。

A.8吨：45单位B.8吨：60单位C.10吨：60单位D.18吨：105单位8.在比较优势的基本理论中，可以忽略不计的是（ C ）。

A．生产成本B．机会成本C．运输成本D．原料成本9.第三产业的生产活动是（ D ）。

A.提供自然资源供给B.把自然资源加工成消费品C.把自然资源加工成工业用品D.向终端顾客提供金融服务10.属于第二产业生产活动的是（A ）。

A．石油提炼B．石油开发C．石油钻探D．汽油销售11.相比B国，A国能更高效地生产两种产品。

正确的说法是（D ）。

A.A国在两种产品上都占有绝对优势，但在一种产品上没有比较优势B.A国在两种产品上都占有比较优势，但任何一种产品上没有绝对优势C.B国在两种产品上都占有比较优势，但任何一种产品上没有绝对优势D.A国在两种产品上都占有绝对优势，而且在一种产品上有比较优势12.相比B国，A国能更高效地生产两种产品。

①GlobalizationSample Test 1All goods and services purchased abroad and brought into a country are called________.A) gross domestic product (GDP)B) exportsC) foreign tradeD) importsSample Test 2_____ _____ is(are is(are is(are) any commercial ) any commercial ) any commercial transaction(s transaction(s transaction(s) ) that that cross(es cross(es cross(es) the borders of two or more ) the borders of two or more nations.A) ExportsB) Gross national product (GNP)C) International businessD) ImportsSample Test 3________ is the trend toward greater economic, cultural, political, and technological interdependence among national institutions and economies.A) International businessB) Market entry strategyC) GlobalizationD) E-businessSample Test 4________ are products marketed in all countries essentially without any changes.A) National productsB) Adapted productsC) Global productsD) National servicesSample Test 5The dispersal of production activities to locations that help a company achieve its cost-minimization or quality-maximization objectives for a good or service is known as ________.A) importingB) globalization of productionC) global strategyD) globalization of marketsSample Test 6Three main goals of the ________ are to help the free flow of trade, help negotiate the further opening of markets, and settle trade disputes between its members.A) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT)B) World Trade Organization (WTO)C) World BankD) International Monetary Fund (IMF)Sample Test 7________ give distributors and suppliers access to a company's database to place orders or restock inventories electronically and automatically.A) IntranetsB) VideoconferencingC) ExtranetsD) HackersSample Test 8In measuring globalization, a factor that makes some countries more global than others is ________.A) economic integrationB) personal contactC) technological connectivityD) political engagementE) all of the aboveSample Test 9Barriers facing some of the world's "least global" nations include ________.A) never-ending political unrest and corruptionB) recurring droughtsC) volatile prices on commodity marketsD) terrorismE) all of the aboveSample Test 10The ________ tends to capture the broad nature of globalization.A) Failed States IndexB) Globalization IndexC) Political Risk IndexD) Human Development IndexSample Test 11Many groups opposed to globalization complain that it ________.A) costs jobsB) lowers labor and environmental regulationsC) increases income inequalityD) reduces individuals' political sayE) all of the aboveSample Test 12The ________ is an agency created to regulate fixed exchange rates and enforce the rules of the international monetary system.A) International Monetary FundB) World Trade OrganizationC) European UnionD) World BankSample Test 13Globalization critics say it causes a "race to the ________" in environmental conditions and regulations.A) endB) topC) middleD) bottomE) finishSample Test 14Those opposed to globalization say that it ________ democracy, while those favoring globalization say that it _____democracy worldwide.A) undercuts; spreadsB) strengthens; bolstersC) supports; undercutsD) augments; hindersSample Test 15A business that has direct investments (in the form of marketing or manufacturing subsidiaries) abroad in multiple countries is called a ________.A) born global firmB) multinational corporationC) multi-regional companyD) direct exporterSample Test 16In this current age of globalization,small companies are increasingly active in international _____and ____.A) politics; tradeB) security; cultureC) trade; investmentD) jobs; wagesSample Test 17Key characteristics of born globalfirms are an ____ and knowledge-based organizational capabilities.A) inventive R&D centerB) insular management styleC) integrated global networkD) innovative cultureSample Test 18Key characteristics of a ________ are an innovative culture and knowledge-based organizational capability.A) developed nationB) born global firmC) homogeneous companyD) globally diverse firmSample Test 19________ is the dynamic force transforming our societies and commercial activities and causing increased competition for all firms.A) ConsumerismB) GlobalizationC) LogisticsD) NatureSample Test 20________ makes the world market more accessible for companies that sell traditional products by lessening the cost and difficulties associated with global communication.A) TechnologyB) Merger-maniaC) LicensingD) Financial capit1.D2.C3.C4.C5.B6.B7.C8.E9.E10.B 11.E12.A13.D14.A15.B16.C17.D18.B19.B20. AKey of the Sample test。

《国际商务管理学》（1-8章练习题）第⼀章国际商务管理概论⼀、单项选择题1、毕博（中国）咨询公司向美国企业提供的在华投资咨询业务属于服务贸易中的（）A、越境提供B、境外消费C、商业存在D、⾃然⼈移动2、在下列商务活动中，哪⼀笔属于国际商务活动（）A、美国花旗银⾏上海浦东分⾏向美国花旗银⾏总⾏贷款B、美国花旗银⾏上海浦东分⾏向中国建设银⾏浦东分⾏贷款C、美国花旗银⾏上海浦东分⾏向美国城市银⾏上海浦东分⾏贷款D、美国花旗银⾏上海浦东分⾏向美国第⼀国民银⾏总⾏贷款3、⼆⼗世纪80年代⾄今，国际商务发展的历程已经进⼊了（）阶段。

A、贸易主导阶段B、全球商务阶段C、投资主导阶段D、企业国际化阶段4、⼆⼗世纪80年代以来，跨国公司对外直接投资的重点转向（）A、农业B、制造业C、建筑业D、服务业⼆、名词解释题1、国际商务：是指不同国家或地区之间所进⾏的有关商品、服务、技术、⽣产要素、知识产权等⽅⾯的交易或交流活动。

2、国际商务管理：是指在从事国际商务活动的过程中寻找、分析、评价有利的市场机会和不利的市场风险，作出相应决策并加以实施的⼀系列管理过程。

3、宏观国际商务管理：是指⼀国的政府或⾏业主管部门，从⼀国整体利益⾓度出发，对从事国际商务的本国企业的经营活动所进⾏的限制、引导、帮助等各种活动。

4、微观国际商务管理：是指某个企业或企业集团从⾃⾝利益⾓度出发，在从事国际商务活动的过程中寻找、分析、评价有利的市场机会和不利的市场风险，作出相应决策并加以实施的⼀系列管理过程。

三、简答题1简述当代国际商务的特征。

答：（1）⽣产活动国际化。

（2）国际贸易对企业经营的重要性空前增长。

（3）国际商务活动所需要的需求环境逐渐形成。

（4）⽆形商品和⽆形贸易在国际商务活动中越显重要。

（5）⽣产经营跨国公司化。

（6）世界经济区域集团化。

（7）贸易和投资壁垒逐步拆除。

2简述国际商务发展的三个历程。

答：（1）贸易主导阶段。

（2）投资主导阶段。