二语习得4ppt课件
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二语习得PPT整理
二语习得
一.二语习得概述
(一)语言习得研究中的两个基本问题
(1)逻辑问题(logical problem):语言习得是如何成为可能的?
一个很有吸引力的推测是,儿童学会母语,是因为生活在母语环境中,每天接触母语所致。但是,阿猫阿狗也接触人类语言,但没有一只猫、狗能学会人类语言。这至少说明:A.接触语言是语言习得的必要条件,但并不是充分条件;B.在语言习得方面,人类似乎天生有一种其他动物没有的潜能。
There is a mismatch between the input (the utterance that
the child is exposed to) and the output (the unconscious
grammatical knowledge that the child acquires). This mismatch
gives rise to what is known as the problem of the poverty of the
stimulus(刺激贫乏)or the logical problem of language
acquisition(语言习得逻辑问题). Given such underdetermination,
the claim is that it would be impossible to acco unt for the L1
acquirers’ achievement without postulating a built-in system of
universal linguistic principles and grammatical properties.(在语言习得方面,人类似乎天生有一种其他动物没有的潜能)
(2)发展问题( developmental problem ):语言习得遵循一定的发展顺序和步骤。
二语习得课件
Course Outline
●Introduction
●Language & Learning Theories
●L1 Acquisition Theories
●L2 Learning Theories
●L2 Learner Factors
●L2 Learning Research Methods: CA & EA
●Computer & L2 Learning
Second Language Acquisition (SLA):
An Introductory Course
Introduction
SLA defined
Purpose of SLA Research
Development of SLA
Scope of SLA
SLA
L2 acquisition can be defined as the way in which people
learn a language other than their mother tongue, inside or out
side of a classroom, & “SLA” as the study of this.
Ellis (2000)
Definitions of SLA
First language acquisition
Second language acquisition
Foreign language learning
Four Characteristics for SLA
Independent discipline
Interdisciplinary discipline (交叉学科)
Applied science Empirical science (实证)
Four Criteria for an independent discipline
Own object of study
Chapter 4 Explaining second language learning
● The behaviourist perspective
✓ L2 Applications:
Audiolingual instruction: A dominant approach to foreign language
teaching from the 1940s to the 1960s, especially in North America.
Activities emphasized mimicry and memorization.
Concern that habits formed in the first language would interfere with new
ones for second language learning. Thus, behaviourism linked with
contrastive analysis.
✓ Limitations:
Researchers found that many learner errors are not predictable
on the basis of first language.
L1 influence is not simply a matter of habits but a more complex
process. (reluctant to transfer certain L1 language patterns, even
when the translation equivalent would be correct)
● The innatist perspective
✓ Opinions
Chomsky’s critique of behaviourism
第二语言习得研究概述
§ 1 第二语言习得研究概述
§ 2 对比分析与偏误分析
§ 3 中介语研究
§ 4 第二语言习得顺序研究
§ 5 克拉申的语言监控模式
§ 6 第二语言学习者语言系统变异研究
§ 7 第二语言习得研究的社会文化模式
§ 8 语言输入与互动研究
§ 9 普遍语法与第二语言习得
§ 10 多元发展模式
§ 11 第二语言习得的认知模式
第一章:第二语言习得研究概述
母语VS目的语
母语通常指学习者所属种族、社团使用的语言,也称“本族语”。一般母语通常是儿童出生后最先接触、习得的语言,母语也被称作“第一语言”。
目的语:指学习者正在学习的语言,可指其母语或第一语言,也可指他的第二语言。
第一语言VS第二语言
一语指儿童幼年最先接触和习得的语言。
二语指相对于学习者习得的一语之外的任何一种其他语言。
二语的概念只强调语言习得的先后顺序。
习得acquisitionVS学习learning
(1)就语言获得的方式而言:
习得指非正式的语言获得informal learning,类似于儿童母语的获得方式。学习指正式的语言规则学习formal learning,即通过课堂教学的方式来获得第二语言。
(2)就语言获得的心理过程而言:
习得指在自然状态下“下意识”的语言获subconscious learning。学习指有意识的conscious语言知识的获得。
就语言获得的知识类型而言:
通过习得方式获得的知识是隐性语言知识implicit knowledge,通过学习方式获得的知识是显性语言知识explicit
knowledge。
★习得与学习的关系
无接口观点non-interface position:认为通过习得和学习所获得的知识分别属于不同的且互相独立的类型,即隐性知识和显性知识。
有接口观点:认为显性知识通过操练可转化为隐性知识。
第二语言教学的目标:促使学习者把显性知识转化为隐性知识。