Lesson 2
1.Metaphor: 暗喻
A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison.
暗喻是一种修辞，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示二者之间的相似之处。
1). And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything in Nippon railways official might say.
2). …I was again crushed by the thought…(Page 13, Para. 4, Line 1)
3). …At last the intermezzo came to an end and…(Page 13, Para. 4, Line 1)
4). …when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me…(P15, P. 7, Lines 1~3)
2. alliteration（头韵）: is the use of several words in close proximity beginning with the same letter or letters.
e.g. 1)the fast train in the world slipped to a stop….
2)I feel sick,, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me ….
3. rhetorical question (反诘句)
e.g. 1) Was I not at the scene of the crime?
4. Synecdoche: 提喻
A figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole (a hand for sailor ), the whole for a part (as the law for police officer ), the specific for the general (as cutthroat for assassin ), the general for the specific (as thief for pickpocket ), or the material for the thing from which it is made (as steel for sword ).
举隅法，提喻法：一种修辞方法，以局部代表整体（如用手代表水手），以整体代表局部（如用法律代表警官），以特殊代表一般（如用直柄剃刀代表杀人者），以一般代表特殊（如用贼代表扒手），或用原材料代表用该材料制造的东西（如用钢代表剑）
e.g.1) The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)
l ittle old Japan: traditional Japanese houses
2 )There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated .(synecdoche)
5. Metonymy: 换喻
A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of “Washington” for “the United States government” or of “the sword” for “military power”.
e.g.1)换喻，转喻：一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用“华盛顿”代替“美政府”或用“剑”代替“军事力量”
The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. (Para. 7)
the kimono and the miniskirt: the Japanese culture and the western culture
6. Irony：反语
The use of words to express something different from and often opposite to their literal meaning to achieve the humorous and ironic effect.
反语：正话反说或反话正说以达到幽默和讽刺的效果。
e.g. 1）This way I look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that my illness has brought me. (P. 17)
7. Sarcasm讽刺
Sarcasm is an expression or cutting remark clearly meaning the opposite to what is felt.
e.g. 1）Hiroshima—the “liveliest”City in Japan
2）If you want to write this city, do not forget to say that this city is the gayest city in Japan, even if…
8. Euphemism 委婉语
Speak with good words 把话说得好听些，婉转些，使听者感到愉快。
e.g. 1）Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares…. 指尘世的生活现在的痛苦
9. Climax: 层进法/渐升
A series of statements or ideas in an ascending order of rhetorical force or intensity.
层进法：在不断增强的修辞力度或强度中使用的一系列陈述和方法
e.g. 1）No one talks about it any more, and no one wants to, especially the people who were born here or who lived through it. (page 15~16, Para. 12, Lines 1~3)
从没人提它了，到不想提它了，再进为更不想提它了
10. Anti-climax: 渐降
Anti-climax, as used in the text, states one’s thoughts in a descending order of significance or intensity from strong to weak, from weighty to light. It has achieved a humorous or surprised or even a sarcastic effect when the mayor was introducing his city to the visitors, who were expecting his answer to have something to do with the atom bomb, but who ironically heard “oysters” in the end.
渐降表述概念的方式是使意义强烈的语言按照步步降低的语气顺序排列，语势由强而弱，语气由重到轻，有此达到取笑、讽刺或是喜剧的效果。
e.g. 1) seldom has a city gained such world renown(提到广岛的名气，首先想到的是原子弹)and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its —oysters.”(p.15)
11. Simile 明喻is an expression making a comparison in the imagination between two things using the words as or like
e.g. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them…
Lesson 4
1. Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm around my shoulder as we were waiting for the court to open. (para2) Transferred epithet
2. The case had erupted round my head not long after I arrived in Dayton as science master and football coach at secondary school.(para 3) Synecdoche
3. After a while, it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.(para14) Irony
4. '' There is some doubt about that '' Darrow snorted.(para 19) Sarcasm
5. The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.(para 20) Antithesis
6. Gone was the fierce fervor of the days when Bryan had swept the political arena like a prairie.(para 22) Alliteration; Simile
7. The crowd seemed to feel that their champion had not scorched the infidels with the hot breadth of his oratory as he should have. (Para 22)
He appealed for intellectual freedom, and accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion. (Para 23)
The court broke into a storm of applause that surpassed that Bryan.
Snowball: grow quickly; spar: fight with words; thunder: say angrily and loudly; scorch: thoroughly defeat; duel: life and death struggle; storm of applause: loud applause by many people; the oratorical duel; spring the trump card. Metaphor
Lesson 6
1. Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huch Finn‘s(synecdoche) idyllic cruise through the eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer‘s endless summer of freedom and adventure. (Para.1) Hyperbole
2. I found another Twain as well (Para.1) synecdoche
3. a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a back wall of night. (Para.1) metaphor
4. The geographic core, in Twain‘s early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportat ion in the young nation‘s heart. (Para.3) metaphor
5. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country; sugar, molasses, cotton, and whisky traveled north. ( Para.3) antithesis
6. the cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied—a cosmos (Para.4) alliteration metaphor
7. Steamboats decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. (Para.5) Metaphor
8. For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and persistent, (Para.5) metaphor 9. He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada‘s Washoe region. (Para.7) metaphor 10. From the discouragem ent of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to
regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. (Para.8) metaphor
11. The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax. (Para.8) metonymy 12. in the spring of 1864, less than two years after joining the Territorial Enterprise, he boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers. (Para.8) metaphor
13. Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing(metonymy) muscles… (Para.9) metaphor
14. It was a splendid population——for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stay at home… (Para.9) alliteration
15. ―It was a splendid population——for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home…‖(Para.9) alliteration
16. ―It was that population that gave to California a name for getting up astounding enterprises and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring (alliteration) and a recklessness of coat or consequences, which she (synecdoche) bears onto this day——and when she projects a new surprise, the grave world( transferred epithet)
smiles(personification) as usual, and says ?Well, this is California all over.‘‖(Para.9)
17. Two years later the opportunity came for him to take a distinctly American look at the old world. (Para.12) transferred epithet pleasure cruise(metaphor)
18. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. (Para.21) personification
19. America laughed with him. (Para.13) personification and synecdoche
20. Tom Sawyer quickly became a classic tale of American boyhood. (Para. 13) synecdoche
21. Tom‘s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and sweet innocence of his affection for …..
( Para.15) transferred epithet
22. Six chapters into Tom Sawyers, he drags in ―the juvenile pariah….‖(Para.16) metaphor 23.
I have tried it, and I don‘t work; it don‘t work, Tom. It ain‘t for me…The widder eats by a bell; she goes to bed by a bell; she gits up by a belleverything‘s so awful regluar body can‘t stand it.(Para.16) alliteration parallelism repetition
24. Nine years after Tom Sawyer swept the nation. ( Para.17) metaphor
25. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laughed. (Para.21) metaphor
26. Now the gloves came off with biting satire. (Para.21) transferred epithet metaphor
27. dictating his autobiography late in life, he commented with a crushing sense of despair on men‘s final release from earthly struggles. (Para.22) metaphor
28. where the have left no sign that they had existed— a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever. (Para.22) antithesis personification
Lesson 14
1.This changed conviction into certainty. (Para 1) Alliteration
2. I had not the slightest doubt where our duty and policy lay. (Para 1) Litotes
3. I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes. (Para 1) Metaphor
4. … I asked whether for him, the arch an ti-Communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon. (Para 5) Metaphor
5. If Hitler invaded Hell I would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons. (Hitler is much eviler than the devil.) (Para 5) Hyperbole
6. The Maze regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination. (Para 8) Metaphor
7. It excels all forms of human wickedness in the efficiency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression. (Para 8) Irony
8. I see the Ru ssian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land…. (Para 8) Metaphor 9. – for the safety of their loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of their protector. (Para 8) Innuendo
10. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the means of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil… (Para 8) Metaphor
11. I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war machine, with its clanking, heel-clicking, dandified Prussian officers, … (Para 8) Metaphor
12. I see all the ①dull, drilled, docile, brutish, masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on ②like a swarm of crawling locusts. (Para 8) ①Alliteration ②Simile\Ridicule
13. I see the German ①bombers and fighters in the sky, still ②smarting from many a British
③whipping, ④delighted to find what they believe is an easier and safer ⑤prey (the Russian soldiers). (Para 8) ①Synecdoche ②③④Metaphor\Personification ⑤Metaphor
14. Behind all this ①glare, behind all this ②storm, I see that small group of villainous men
who plan, organize, and launch this ③cataract of horrors upon mankind…(Para 9)
①Metaphor ②Metaphor ③Metaphor
15. I have to declare the decision of His Majesty‘s Government… (Para 10) Antonomasia
16. – for we must spread out now at once, with out a day‘s delay. (Para 10) Repetition
17. I have to make the declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be? (Para 10) Rhetorical Question
18. We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. (Para 10) Repetition
19. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. (Para 10)
Metaphor
20. From this nothing will turn us—nothing. (Para 10) Inversion
21. We will never parley, we will never negotiate…(Para 10) Repetition
22. We have rid the earth of his shadow (influence) and liberated its peoples from his yoke (control). (Para 10) Metaphor
23. ①Any man or state who ②marches with Hitler is our foe. (Para 10)
①Antithesis ②Metaphor
24. It follows therefore that we shall….We shall…, as we shall faithfully and steadfastly to the end… (Para 10) Parallelism
25. But when I spoke… which have impelled or lured him on his Russian adventure I said there was one deeper motive behind his outrage. (Para 12) Euphemism
26. He wishes to destroy the Russian power ….from the East and hurl it upon this Island, which he knows….of his crimes. (Para 12) ①Metaphor ②Synecdoche
27. … and that he can overwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and airpower of the United States may intervene. (Para 12) Synecdoche
28. He has so long thrived and prospered. (Para 12) Repetition
29. …and that then the①scene will be clear for the final ②act,…(Para 12)
①Metaphor ②Euphemism
30. …, just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his h earth and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe. (Para 13) Alliteration
31. Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel experience. (Para 13) Alliteration
Marrakech George Orwell As the corpse went past the flies left the resta urant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but t hey came back a few minutes later. The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boy s, no women--threaded their way across the market p lace between the piles of pomegranates and the taxi s and the camels, walling a short chant over an d over again. What really appeals to the flies i s that the corpses here are never put into coffin s, they are merely wrapped in a piece of rag an d carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulder s of four friends. When the friends get to the bu rying-ground they hack an oblong hole a foot or tw o deep, dump the body in it and fling over i t a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which i s like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no id entifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is m erely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derel
一．词语修辞格 (1) simile 明喻 它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like，as等)起连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物 I wandered lonely as a cloud. ( W. Wordsworth: The Daffodils )我像一朵浮云独自漫游。They are as like as two peas. 他们两个长得一模一样。 His young daughter looks as red as a rose. 他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。 ① “Mama,” Wangero said sweet as a bird .“C an I have these old quilts?” ② Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. ③ My skin is like an uncooked（未煮过的）barley pancake. ④ The oratorial（雄辩的）storm that Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone blew up in the little court in Dayton swept like a fresh wind though the schools… ⑤ I see also the dull（迟钝的）, drilled（训练有素的）, docile（易驯服的）, brutish（粗野的）masses of the Hun soldiery plodding（沉重缓慢地走）on like a swarm（群）of crawling locusts（蝗虫）. （1）metaphor 暗喻 暗含的比喻。A是B或B就是A。 All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players演员. ( William Shakespeare )整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。 Education is not the filling of a pail桶, but the lighting of a fire. ( William B. Yeats )教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 ① It is a vast（巨大的）, sombre（忧郁的）cavern（洞穴）of a room,… ② Mark Twain --- Mirror of America ③ main artery（干线）of transportation in the young nation's heart ④ The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind. ⑤ Her voice was a whiplash（鞭绳）. ⑥ We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke（枷锁）. （2）metonymy 借代，转喻 用一事物的名称来代替另一事物，当然这一事物与另一事物是有关联的。 The White House has denied the report that more troops will be sent to Iraq. He lives by the pen. (=writing). 他以写作为生。 He is too fond of the bottle (=drinking). 他太贪杯了。 ① The Washington Post, in an editorial captioned "Keep Your Old Webster's" ② ...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe（镐） （3）synecdoche 提喻 以部分指代整体
Ⅰ. Word explanation 1. cryptic A. hidden B. strange C. mystery D. sacred 2. errand A. task B. a trip to get sth. C. a written message D. a piece of business 4. swift A. quick B. smooth C. timely D. swept 5. abrupt A. sudden B. erect C. erupt D. corrupt 6. blandness A. frankness B. mildness
C. polite D. blank 7. swinging A. full of life B. move back and forth C. turn around D. turn out 8. hunch A. doubt B. double C. suspect D. intuitive feeling 9. poise A. self-assurance B. poison C. direct attention D. pointless 10. discreet A. secret B. hidden C. careful D. volunteer 12. adept A. adapt B. adopt
C. add D. expert 13. rivet A. attach B. tie down C. fasten firmly D. hammer 14. abundant A. absolute B. complete C. profuse D. thorough 15. respite A. postponement B. respect C. in spite of D. despite 16. spacious A. special B. large C. magnificent D. glorious 17. appoint A. point to B. name
2000年10月高级英语试题及答案 课程代码：0600 本试题分两部分，第一部分考核课程内容，1页至4页；选择题42分，非选择题18分。 第二部分考核水平，4页至8页；选择题20分，非选择题20分。本试题共8页，满分100分。考试时间150分钟。全部题目用英语作答（英语汉题目除外），并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不记分。 Part One 1.The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (0.5 point each, 12 points) . Programmers live in (1) fear of losing anyone's attention -anyone's. The (2) way to avoid doing so is to (3) everything brief, not to (4) the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant (5) through variety, novelty, action and (6). .But before he ever begins to write he will have (7) an emotional attitude from which he will never completely (8). It is his job, no doubt, to (9) his temperament and (10) getting stuck at some (11) stage, or in some (12) mood. .His car needs mechanics, and mechanics grow more expensive and less (13). The gadgets in the home are cheaper to (14) than repair. The more efficiently (15) the home seems to be, the more dependent it is on the great (16) corporations, as well as a diminishing army of servitors. Skills at the lowest level have to be (17) slavishly and exorbitantly (18). .It is only lately that I have (19) how much science of genetics is (20). Agronomists have taken to (21) all sorts of vegetables and fruits (22) their original nature. This sounds wonderful and often is insane. For the scientists have not as a rule (23) any interest whatsoever in the taste of the things they have (24) with! A.acquired B.avoid C.breeding D.changing E.constant F.discipline G.efficient H.escape I.found J.impersonal K.involved L.keep M.movement N.perverse O.premature P.replace Q.rewarded R.self-contained S.stimulation T.strain U.surest V.taken W.tempered X.wooed II. There are 15 sentences with a blank in each, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (1 point each, 15 points) 25.In a hot summer day you would find the village children () in the small pond behind the woods. 26. I don't like the dishes in some Chinese restaurants abroad; for they () the local taste too much and the result is that the food is neither Chinese nor foreign. 27.Two pupils from the "Hope Schools" were () to represent Chinese children in the Euro 2000 ceremonies. 28. I think there is too much ( ) made by all people concerned, the parents, the media, and the authorities, about the university entrance examinations. 29. Suddenly the lights went out. She () in the dark for the matches. 30.He was very sad because he had tried very hard in the last three years but ()very little.
高级英语写作教案示范 Section One Choice of words措辞 The choice of words from one’s vocabulary can affect his writing style. Let’s look at two groups of words and compare them: Pretentious Wording(fml.) Common Wording(standard) in regards to concerning, about utilize use elucidate explain prior to before because of the fact because of the opinion believe ascertain find out commence begin When selecting words to use in an essay it is important to remember the four levels of diction: 1)Formal—Highly educated audience: ceremonial, scholarly or technical purpose. 2)Standard—Educated audience: college papers, mass publications, business communications, and many other writing purposes. 3)Informal—General audience: spoken rather than written situations, personal letters, conversational and entertaining purposes. 4)Slang—Specific audience: used to enhance the writing through dialogue essential to the character, such as in novels; or to build connections between members of a specific group or generation. Exercises: 1. In each sentence below, choose the more precise of the two words in brackets and fill in the blank with your choice: 1).A judge must be ______ in the cases he tries. (uninterested, disinterested) A few listeners were _____ and dozed off. disinterested, uninterested 2). Your niece impressed me as sweet and _____. (childish, childlike) Though she has grown up, her behavior is often _____. childlike, childish 3). The President spoken on the radio to the ____. (land, nation) nation 4).Why were you so ____ about your achievements? (humble, modest) modest 5).She has become very _____ since marrying him. (respectable, respectful) People are serious and _____ at religious services. respectable, respectful
自学考试高级英语试题1 课程代码：00600 全部题目用英文作答(英译汉题目除外)，请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上Ⅰ. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to Y. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (25 points，1 point for each) One of the best current examples of what Horowitz is talking 1 is John Denver. His most 2 songs—“Sunshine on My Shoulders”, “Rocky Mountain High”, and “Country Road”— 3 the musical drive and power of 4 rock, while the lyrics celebrate the simple 5 of“the good old days”. It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art 6 that television has made 7 to the culture, the 30-second commercial: the tiny drama of the 8 housewife who finds happiness 9 choosing the right toothpaste. When before in human history has so much humanity 10 surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy, one mass diversion? They had no 11 of comparison and assumed that this was a 12 of his class, just as a traveler stepping off the liner at a foreign 13 for luncheon sums up a nation’s character forever in the 14 businessman who happens to 15 the table with him. Each week, for example, a record of the sales results of the 16 week for each sales office and for Sales Department as a 17 for each division of the company is kept and 18 to the sales results for the 19 week of the year 20 . But by and large the news reports and commentaries on CBS and NBC and ABC make every 21 to present viewers with more than one 22 of an issue，either by letting 23 spokesmen have their 24 or by outlining the positions held by both major parties on the subject 25 . II. Each of the following sentences is given four choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. (15 points, 1 point for each)
高级英语写作教案示范 Part Two Basic Skill’s Training 基本技能训练 I.Teaching Materials See Part Two II.Teaching Aims 1.Teach the students how to use the most useful words appropriately. 2.Help the students make correct judgement about their own language mistakes and teach them to find out the correct ways to avoid the inappropriate, unidiomatic expressions. III.Teaching Time: 4 periods IV.Teaching Focuses 1.Unique ways of making correct judgement in choosing proper words to express oneself in writing. 2.General rules of correcting wordiness and omission in language. V.Teaching Procedures 1.Step One—Ask the students how many levels are there in language according to them? 2.Step Two—Give out some exercises concerning with the false usage of language and make corrections in class. 3.Step Three—Analysis and brief summary of each type of basic language training. 4.Step Four—Assignment VI.Detailed study of step one: a discussion on the formality of the words in different situations. VII.Detailed study of step two. Section One Choice of words措辞 The choice of words from one’s vocabulary can affect his writing style. Let’s look at two groups of words and compare them: Pretentious Wording(fml.) Common Wording(standard) in regards to concerning, about utilize use
绍兴文理学院元培学院学年学期 英语专业级《高级英语(上)》试卷(A) （考试形式：闭卷） I. Vocabulary Selection (15%) In this part, there are 15 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. 1．Due to the fact that universities can not enroll all the candidates, ______ to university is competitive. A．admission B．affidavit C．admiration D．allegiance 2．The World Cup has been the ______ of this month's events; a large number of soccer fans around the world focus their attention on the little “ball”. A．twilight B．realms C．highlights D．headlines 3．They ______ to hear that their football team won a great victory over the opponent team. A．relieved B．released C．rejoiced D．rescued 4．Each individual expresses his opinion in the group by where he stands when a lot of people ______ together in a chat. A．squeeze B．stick C．pad D．cluster 5．When she called me a thief, I decided to sue her for ______ . A．ridicule B．scandal C．slander D．encumber 6．George W. Bush said Saddam Hussein is ______ and must be disarmed immediately. A．pugnacious B．proverbial C．magnanimous D．malleable 7．They tell the people in their community not to store apples in the refrigerator because fresh fruit like apples is ______ . A．perishable B．vanishing C．exquisite D．fickle 8．The spokesman said he believed the attack was in ______ for the death of the bombing. A．requital B．rhetoric C．retrospect D．retaliation 9．The President is certain to know the result of this vote as a (n) ______ for further economic decision-making. A．mandate B．aviation C．pretext D．rampage 10．The villagers were ______ by the news of the criminal's release from the prison. A．indignant B．puzzled C．overjoyed D．elusive 11．If it goes on to ______ its responsibilities, then the British government must act immediately in its place. A．discipline B．abdicate C．bash D．challenge 12．The sentry guard dived into his ______ and closely observed the stranger towards him. A．fortress B．exodus C．foxhole D．eviction 13．An overwhelming richness of vegetation may have caused the level of oxygen, to rise above today's ______, with a corresponding depletion of carbon dioxide. A．concentration B．saturation C．satiation D．plenitude 14．The psychology therapist's job is to help people "re-author" stories that aren't doing them ______ . A. just B. justice C. justiceships D. justification 15．The dream quickly gave way to a cold number: the house they wanted ______ $52,000 more than their budget. A．cost B．took C．spent D．required II. Paraphrase (20%) Directions: Explain in English the meaning of the underlined words or expressions in each sentence. 1. Many girls’ interests turn to marriage or stereotypically female jobs. 2. When students participate in classroom discussion, they hold more positive attitudes toward school, and that positive attitudes enhance learning. 3. Boys are more assertive in grabbing their attention-a classic case of the squeaky wheel getting the educational oil. 4. They give no sign that the possibility of an alternative ever suggests itself to their mind. 5. The tiger is said to have emerged, but presently crept back again, as if too much bewildered by his new responsibilities. 6. It alone prevents the hardest and the most repulsive walks of life from being deserted by those brought up to tread therein. 7. It is not surprising that they need some stimulus to use the foreign language for natural purposes. 8. The relationship is a formal and formalized one for which conventionalities suffice. 9. This confident attitude is very fragile and can be stifled quite early. 10. He supposed that nobody could ever countenance waging war again. 11. In such a perverse state of affairs, affairs of state tend to undergo some rather bizarre reversals. 12. An author is evading his responsibilities, if he is not intelligible. 13. I suggest in return that this attitude betrays either laziness or affectation. It is the abdication of authorship. 14. He is not fetching up thoughts that lie too deep for tears. 15. Power, travel, external security, free time, and other blessings are potentially available to the affluent. 16. Religious groups and those who elevate the status of poverty as they equate money with evil exhort us to live simply. 17. Psychologists generally agree that they set the stage for schizophrenia. 18. He had rushed them along to secure such openings about the deck as had not been already battened down earlier in the evening. 19. Such is the prestige, the privilege, and the burden of command. 20. It unveiled the black figures of men caught on the bridge, heads forward, as if petrified in the act of butting.
高英老师没有具体划重点，不过每单元后面的Questions on the content，Paraphrase 是考试重点，大家重点看一看 Unit1 Questions on the content 1、his house was 23 feet above sea level and safer 2、John’s business products-----educational supplies 3、Sea reached their house 4、They encouraged each other 5、It was him that made the decision and now the whole family were in danger 6、She wanted to boost children’s morale 7、John was afraid of the hurricane too, but still encouraged her to face the disaster Paraphrase 1、our house is 23 feet above sea level 2、This has been safe since 1915 for no hurricane has ever attacked the place 3、We make proper preparations to go through hurricane without much danger 4、The generator stopped producing electricity because water went into it 5、Everybody go out from the back door and rush to the cars 6、The electrical systems stopped working because water went into it 7、As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland 8、Oh ,God, please help us to get through this storm safely 9、Grandmother sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped 10、Janis understood why her husband put his arm around her. At this moment when all their lives were in danger, John put his arm around her to encourage and comfort her Unit4 Questions on content 1、Yes,. Because man has made great progress in science and technology and has not only the power (scientific farming, speedy transportation) to abolish poverty, but also the power(missiles, nuclear bombs) to destroy all forms of human life 2、The belief is that all men are equal and God has given certain inalienable rights which no state or ruler can take away from them 3、Friends:①the old allies of the U.S. Such as Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zea land and the western European countries②the countries in South America ③many of the developing countries in Asia and Africa that rely on U.S aid Foes: all socialists countries and developing countries preparing to take the socialist road