高英练习册 rewrite sentence的答案

高级英语第一册课后习题答案Lesson11)A bazaar is a market or street of shops and stands in Oriental countries．Such bazaars are likely to be found in Afghanistan，the Arabian Peninsula，Cyprus，Asiatic Turkey and Egypt．2)The bazaar includes many markets：cloth—market，copper—smiths’market．carpet—market，food—market，dye—market，pottery—market，carpenters’ market，etc．They represent the backward feudal economy．3)A blind man could know which part 0f the bazaar he was in by his senses of smell and hearing．Different odours and sounds can give him some ideas about the various parts 0f the bazaar．4)Because the earthen floor，beaten hard by countless feet，deadens the sound of footsteps，and the vaulted mudbrick walls and roof have hardly and sounds to echo. The shop-keepers also speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers follow suit.5)The place where people make linseed oil seems the most picturesque in the bazaar. The backwardness of their extracting oil presents an unforgettable scene.II .1)little donkeys went in and out among the people and from one side to another2)Then as you pass through a big crowd to go deeper into the market, the noise of the entrance gradually disappear, and you come to the much quieter cloth-market.3)they drop some of items that they don't really want and begin to bargain seriously for a low price.4)He will ask for a high price for the item and refuse to cut down the price by any significant amount.5)As you get near it, a variety of sounds begin to strike your ear. Ⅲ. See the translation of text.IV.1)n. +n..seaside, doorway, graveyard, warlord2)n. +v..daybreak, moonrise, bullfight3)v. +n..cutback, cutthroat, rollway4)adj. +n..shortterm, softcoal, softliner, hardware5)adv. +v. .output , upgrade, downpour6)v. +adv..pullover, buildupV.1)thread (n.) she failed to put the thread through the eye of the needle.(v.) He threaded through the throng.2)round (v.) On the 1st of September the ship rounded the Cape of GoodHope. (adv.) He wheeled round and faced me angrily.3)narrow(v.) In the discussions we did not narrow the gap any further. (adj．)He failed by a very narrow margin．4)price(n．) The defence secretary said the U．S．was not looking for an agreement at any price．(v．)At the present consumption rates(of oil)the world may well be pricing itself out of its future．5) (v．)live About 40％of the population lives on the land and tries to live off it． (adj．)The nation heard the inaugural speech in a live broadcast．6)tower (n．)The tower was built in the 1 4th century．(v．)The general towered over his contemporaries．7)dwarf (v．)A third of the nation's capital goods are shipped from this area，which dwarfs West Germany's mighty Ruhr Valley in industrial output．(n．)Have you ever read the story of Snow White and the Dwarfs?Ⅵ．1)light and heat：glare，dark，shadowy，dancing flashes．the red of the live coals，glowing bright，dimming，etc．2)sound and movement：enter，pass，thread their way．penetrate，selecting，pricing，doing a little preliminary bargaining，din，tinkling，banging，clashing，creak，squeaking，rumbling，etc．3)smell and colour：profusion of rich colours，pungent and exotic smells，etc．Ⅶ．1)glare指刺眼的光；brightness指光源发出的强烈稳定的光，强调光的强度。

全国高等教育自学考试指定教材英语专业（本科段）课程代码0600（2000版）主编：王家湘高级英语课后答案Lesson One Rock Superstars:What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?A1. 1）The author uses the two quotations to introduce the discussion and express his ideas aboutrock music and young culture heroes. 2) Yes，they are.2。

The author uses the three examples to show that the young people worship the rock superstars very much，but the adults find these rock superstars are sick. These examples are used to show that young people and adults have totally different attitudes towards rock music.3。

Irving Horowitz believes that rock music can express its time。

He sees it as a debating forum where American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs.4. When he appeared on the Ed。

Sullivan Sunday night variety show in front of millions，a kindof “debate" took place。

词汇(Vocabulary)Lesson 10sweltering ( adj.) :that swelters or suffers from the heat；very hot；sultry热得发昏的；酷热counsel ( n.) :a lawyer or group of lawyers giving advice about legal matters and representing clients in court辩护律师；法律顾问；辩护人silver-tongued ( adj.) :eloquent；persuasive雄辩的；口才流利的orator ( n.) :a skilled，eloquent public speaker雄辩家jury ( n.) :a group of people sworn to hear the evidence and inquire into the facts in a law case，and to give decision in accordance with their findings陪审团erupt ( v.) :burst forth or out，as from some restraint进发；爆发；喷出clash ( n.) :a sharp disagreement；conflict抵触；冲突；意见不一致；对立fundamentalism ( n.) :religious beliefs based on a literal interpretation of everything in the Bible and regarded as fundamental to Christian faith and morals原教旨主义(相信《圣经》所记载的传统的基督教信仰，反对较为近代的教义)legislature ( n.) :a body of persons given the responsibility and power to make laws for a country or state(esp. the lawmaking body of a state，corresponding to the U.S.Congress)立法机构(尤指美国的州议会)prohibit ( v.) :refuse to permit；forbid by law or by an order禁止；不准legality ( n.) :quality，condition，or instance of being legal or lawful；conformity with the law合法性indict ( v.) :accuse；charge with the commission of a cime; esp. make formal accusation against on the basis of positive legal evidence usually said of the action of a grand jury控告，控诉；指控，告发，对……起诉prosecute (v.) :institute legal proceedings against，or conduct criminal proceedings in court against对……起诉festoon ( v.) :adorn or hang with festoons饰以(或悬挂)花彩，结彩于sprout (v.) :grow or develop rapidly迅速生长，迅速发展rickety ( adj.) :1iable to fall or break down because weak；shaky易倒的；易垮的；不结实的；不稳固的evangelist ( n.) :anyone who evangelizes(esp. a traveling preacher or a revivalist)福音传教士(尤指巡回说教者或信仰复兴者)exhort ( v.) :urge earnestly by advice，warning，etc.规劝，劝告，劝戒infidel ( n.) :a person who holds no religious belief无宗教信仰者，不信宗教者florid ( adj. ) : flushed with red or pink(said of the complexion)(脸色)红润的paunchy ( adj. ) :[derog. or humor](esp. of a man)having a fat stomach[贬或幽](尤指男性)大腹便便的attorney ( n.) :.any person legally empowered to act as agent for. or in behalf of，another(esp. a lawyer)(被当事人授权的法律事务中的)代理人shrewd ( adj.) :keen—witted，clever，astute or sharp in practical affairs机敏的；精明的；伶俐的magnetic ( adj.) :vpowerfully attractive(said of a person，personality，etc.)有吸引力的；有魅力的(指人或个性等)steep ( v.) :immense，saturate，absorb，or imbue(esp. used as steeped锄：thoroughly filled or familiar with)沉浸；埋头于(尤用作steeped in充满着；沉湎于；精通) agnostic ( n.) :a person who believes that the human mind cannot know whether there is a God or an ultimate cause，or anything beyond material phenomena；atheist不可知论者growl (v.) :complain in an angry or surly manner牢骚满腹地说spar ( v. ) :wrangle or dispute争论；争吵drawl ( v.) :speak slowly，prolonging the vowels慢慢吞吞地说bigotry ( n.) :the behavior，attitude，or beliefs of a bigot：intolerance；prejudice偏执的行为(或态度、信念等)；偏执；顽固；偏见rampant ( adj. ) :spreading unchecked；widespread蔓延的；猖獗的faggot ( n.) :a bundle of sticks，twigs，or branches(esp. for use as fuel)柴捆；柴把contaminate ( v.) :make impure，infected，corrupt，etc.使感染，传染，毒害mammal ( n.) :any of a large class of warm—blooded. usually hairy vertebrates whose off springs are fed with milk secreted by female mammary glands哺乳动物snort ( v.) :wave，shake. or exhibit in a menacing, challenging，or exultant way(威胁地、挑战似地、狂喜地)挥舞denounce ( v.) :condemn strongly as evil谴责，指责，痛斥sonorous ( adj. ) :having a powerful，impressive sound(声音)响亮的；洪亮的reconcile ( adj. ) :settle(a quarrel，etc.)or compose(a difference，etc.)调解；调和；使一致；使相符divine ( adj. ) :given or inspired by God；holy；sacred神授的，天赐的；神圣的fervour ( n.) :great warmth of emotion；ardor；zeal；passion热烈；热情，热心，热诚arena ( n.) :any sphere of struggle or conflict竞争场所；活动场所prairie ( n.) :a large area of level or slightly rolling grassland大草原scorch (v.) :char，discolor，or damage the surface of sth. by superficial burning；burn；make a caustic attack on；assail scathingly；excoriate烧焦；烤焦；挖苦；严厉指责(或批评)pop ( v.) :[colloq.]arise；happen or arrive unexpectedly[口]突然发生，突然出现，突然来到duel ( n.) :any contest or encounter suggesting such a fight，usually between two persons(常指两人间的)争斗，冲突，斗争hush ( n.) :absence of noise；quiet；silence寂静，平静，安静；默不作声，沉默adjourn ( v. ) :close a session or meeting for the day or for a time休会，闭会；延期swarm (v.) :be filled or crowded；teem(with)充满，被挤满(常与with连用) hawker ( n.) :a person who hawks goods in the street；peddle；huckster(沿街叫卖的)小贩entrepreneur ( n.) :[Fr.]a person who organizes and manages a business undertaking.assuming the risk for the sake of the profit[法语]企业家ape ( n.) :any of a family(Pongidae)of large，tailless monkeys that can stand and walk in an almost erect position猿ponder ( v.) :weigh mentally；think deeply about；consider carefully默想；深思；考虑cower ( v.) :shrink and tremble，as from someone’s anger，threats，or blow(因别人发怒、威胁或打击而)畏缩；发抖，哆嗦sulphurous ( adj.) :violently emotional；heated；fiery异常激动的；激烈的；暴怒的dispatch ( n.) :a news story sent to a newspaper，radio station，etc.，as by a special reporter or news agency(特派记者或新闻社发给报社、电台的)(新闻)电讯，电文，通讯yokel ( n.) :[a contemptuous term]a person living in a rural area；rustic；country bumpkin[贬]乡巴佬，土包子perch ( v.) :alight or rest on or as on a perch栖息；停歇；坐在高处gawk ( v.) :stare like a gawk，in a stupid way(像呆子般)呆呆地盯着，呆视wily ( adj.) :full of wiles；crafty；sly狡猾的；狡诈的；诡计多端的repel ( v.) :drive or force back；hold or ward off击退；抵挡住fervent ( adj.) :having or showing great warmth of feeling；intensely devoted or earnest；ardent；passionate热烈的，满怀热情的，热心的，深表热诚的；强烈的Genesis ( n.) :the first book of the Bible，giving an account of the creation of the universe《创世纪》(《圣经·旧约》的首卷)snigger ( n.) :a sly，derisive，partly stifled laugh窃笑；暗笑twirl (v.) :rotate rapidly；spin(使)快速旋转，(使)迅速转动serpent ( n.) :a snake，esp. a large or poisonous one蛇(尤指大蛇或毒蛇)livid ( adj.) :grayish—blue；pale；lead—colored青灰色的；铅色的slur ( n.) :any remark or action that harms or is meant to harm someon e’s reputation；aspersion，reproach，stigma，etc.诽谤；污辱；诋毁，中伤，破坏……的名誉gavel ( n.) :a small mallet rapped on the table by a presiding officer in calling for attention or silence or by an auctioneer(会议主席、法官或拍卖商用以敲击桌子的)小木槌，议事槌quell ( v. ) :crush；subdue；put an end to镇压；平息hubbub ( n.) :a confused sound of many voices；noise；uproar；tumult吵闹声，喧哗，喧嚣；鼎沸；骚动forlorn (adj.): abandoned or deserted被抛弃的；被遗弃的；孤独的，寂寞的／forlornly adv.verdict ( n.): the formal and unanimous finding of a jury on the matter submitted to them in a trial裁定；判决conviction ( n.): a convicting 0r being convicted证明有罪；(被)判罪；定罪短语(Expressions)adhere to : continue to obey or maintain(esp，a rule，standard or belief)坚持，忠于例：She adheres to her principles throughout her teaching career. 她在整个教学生涯中始终坚持自己的原则。

1．Which sentence in the first paragraph establishes the link between the driving of a nail and the choice of a word?2．So with language firmly and exactly.2. what does the word “this” in sentence 1,para 2, refer to?Getting the word that is completely right for the writer’s purpose.3．Do you agree with the author that there is a great deal of truth in the seemingly stupid question “How can I know what I think till I see what I say?”The question sounds irrational, but is true. Unless we have found the exact words to verbalize our own thoughts, we can never be very sure of what our thoughts are. Without words, our thoughts can not be defined or stated in a clear and precise manner.4. expain why the word “imprison” in the example given in , though not a malapropism, is still not the right word for the writer’s purpose?“malapropism” means the unintentional misuse ofa word by confusing it with one that resembles it, such as “human” for “humane”, “singularity” for “singleness”. But the misuse of imprison is diffe rent case, it is wrongly chosen because the user has failed to recognise its associations.make comments on the three pairs of examples given in this section. Compare and contrast their differences in meaning.human: of, or relating to man. (human being; human nature; human rights)humane: characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassion. (humane judge,humane officer)Human action = action taken by human;Humane action = merciful action;Human killer = person that kills human;Humane killer = instruments which kill but cause little pain, esp. those for the painless killing of animals.6. what does the word “alive” in the sentence “a student needs to be alive to these differences” mean?Sensitive, alert.7. the writer begins his article with an analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words. indentify the places where the analogy is referred to in the rest of the article.“we don’t have to look far afield to find the evidence of carpentry”“it is perhaps easier to be a good craftman with wood and nail than a good craftsman with words.”“a good carpenter is not distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship with which he uses them. So a good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the “mot juste”, the word that will hit the nail cleanly on the head.”Paraphrasewriter who pay great attention to expressing the exact English will never be satisfied with a word which can not express an idea accurately.the reader can easily understand what kind of feelings and thoughts we want to convey, we need to be careful to choose the words we used in article.the most suitable word is in no sense easy. But there is nothing like the delight and excitement we shall experience when we pick up such a word.we can use language accurately we are in a position to totally understand the subject matter.Tanslation1. 在举出许多事实并列出一些统计数字后，他终于把他的论点说清楚了。

EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books SRB1. any standard gazetteer2. Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2. How are people buried in Marrakech3. Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact."para 34. What do you think medieval ghettoes were like5. Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible Why does he stress this point7. How was land cultivated in Morocco8. Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave her a five-sou piece9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching pastⅢ. Questions on appreciation:1. The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are always political. Is this essay political Has the writer said anything of value2. Orwell describes human suffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys but conceal his feelings about the people ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader4. Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged What does this indicate about the organization What gives the essay coherence5. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing"6. Comment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. para 22. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. para 33. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard para 34. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. para 95. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews para 106. every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury para 107. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. para 168. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings. para 169. No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas. para 1710. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soilpara 1711. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. para 1912. People with brown skins are next door to invisible. para 2113. Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms para 2314. How long before they turn their guns in the other direction para 2515. Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. para 26Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali-cized words:1. wailing a short chant over and over again para 22. an Arab navvy working on the path nearby para 63. he stowed it gratefully para 74. his left leg is warped out of shape para 95. as the Jews live in a self-contained community para 116. the plough is a wretched wooden thing para 187. all of them are mummified with age and the sun para 198. their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms para 239. so had the officers on their sweating chargers para 26Ⅶ. Discriminate the following groups of synonyms:1. wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2. frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3. glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books SRB1. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2. Webster’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3. Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1. burying-ground2. gravestone3. mid-air4. overcrowding5. nine-tenthsSuggested Reference Books SRB1. any standard dictionary2. any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs. List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and give your reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination. Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.have wasted their natural resources, but they should haveprotected and conserved them.Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon other settlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or no publicity.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8. I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was only fora few days.9. It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawled out and made my way to the beach.10. I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leather bag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ .Read the following paragraphs and then answer the questions: 1 What is the topic sentence 2 Has the writer succeeded in achieving unity Give your reasons.1. Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grain planted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmer must be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to be gathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustling around from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves on the trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warming cover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt for something to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them. After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peaceful evening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer has more work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must be cultivated. As summer ap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fully developed, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his hay crop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I was growing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texaswhere there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of the best things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants. Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on a gleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables, and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For the American who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these platters and trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reason for liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing in American or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi raw fish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing the bite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonder Japanese food appeals to meⅫ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank:fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home -- but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from the crowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought, even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had ________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but every line of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say – he _______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousands of years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shot he did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fired a third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could see the agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemed to_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree. He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________, his belly towards me, with a crash that seemed to _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1. What can you infer about the author's political attitude from this essay2. Do you like Orwell' s style Give examples to support yourXIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the suffering and poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintain an objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident to the reader.习题全解Ⅰ . Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of the high Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport. The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centers of Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by the French in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited to winter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the 7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcenturyuntil the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free from foreign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement divided Morocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956 and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member of the United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organization of African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers 70%who try to grow their own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty- a the burial of the poor inhabitants ban Arab Navvy, an employee of the municipality, begging for a piece of bread cthe miserable lives of the Jews in the ghettoes~ dcultivation of the poor soil; e the old women carrying fire wood.2. See paragraphs 1 and 2.3. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4. Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters in Marrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrow street, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirty and unhygienic.5. If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible. It’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa are accepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as human beings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7. See paragraph 18.8. The old woman was surprised because someone was taking notice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Some day they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denoun ces the evils of colonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty,misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2. He manages to show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first, through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in which he describes these scenes and finally, by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towards the fate of the human beings.3. Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receive evokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the white masters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast have on the reader an effect that the people are not considered nor treated as human beings.4. Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before. Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates that the whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The central theme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon thisfact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5. This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, he has succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6. Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forceful words and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficiently conveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are not considered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings.3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ. would not be interesting．10．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11．She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community,that;she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal．12．People with brown skins are almost invisible．13．The Senegales soldiers were wearing ready—made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well—built bodies．14．How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us;15．Every white man,the onlookers,the officers on their horses and the white N．C．Os．marching with the black soldiers,had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind．Ⅴ.See the translation of the text．Ⅵ.1．chant：words repeated in a monotonous tone of voice2．navvy：abbreviation of “navigator”,a British word meaning an unskilled laborer,as on canals,,roads,etc．3．Stow：put or hide away in a safe place4．warp：bend,curve,or twist out of shape5．self-contained：self—sufficient；having within oneself or itself all that is necessary6．wretched：poor in quality,very inferior7．mummified：thin and withered,looking like a mummy8．reach—me—down：British colloquialismsecond—hand or ready—made clothing9． charger：a horse ridden in battle or on paradeⅦ．cry指因痛苦、忧伤或悲哀而发出悲切的声音,并伴以流泪;weep更具体,强调流泪；sob指呜呜咽咽、一吸一顿地哭泣；wail指无法抑制悲哀而拖长声调痛哭；whimper43 指像受惊的小孩一样声音压抑地、时断时续地哭；moan 则指因悲伤或痛苦而低声地、拖长声调地哀叹;2．mania本指狂郁精神病所表现出的症状,具体表现为喜怒无常,时哭时笑,行为不能自制；delirium指暂时性精神极端错乱如酒醉发烧时,具体表现为烦躁不安、语无伦次和产生幻觉；frenzy是非医学用语,指狂暴不能自制; hysteria在精神病学上指心因性紊乱,表现为容易激动、焦躁不安、感官和运动功能紊乱以及不自觉地模拟眼瞎、耳聋等;用于引申义时,mania指对于某事的爱好达到狂热的程度,成为癖好,如a mania for drinking嗜酒；delirium 指极度兴奋,如a delirium of joy狂喜；hysteria指强烈的、不可控制的感情爆发,如：She laughed and cried in her hysteria．她又是笑又是哭,感情难以控制;;3．flash指突发的、短暂而耀眼的闪光；gleam指黑暗中闪现出的一束稳定的光线；sparkle指星星点点的闪光；glitter 指由物体反射出的星星点点的闪光；glisten指外部亮光反射于沾水的平面上而显出的光亮；shimmer指由微波荡漾的水面反照出的柔和的闪光;Ⅷ．1．burying—groundverbal noun in—ing + noun：drinking cup, hiding place,diving board,waiting room,freezing point, carvingknife,writing desk,typing paper,swimming suit2．gravestonenoun +noun：oilwell,silkworm,shirt—sleeves,girl—friend,gaslight,bloodstain,frogman,win— dow—pane3．mid—airadjective +noun：half—brother,black—market, half—pay;darkroom,madman,double—talk,hothouse, handy man4．orercrowdingadverb +verbal noun in—ing：dry-cleaning,overeating,oversleeping,deep—freezing, underpricing, underrating,down—grading,up—dating5．nine—tenthsadj．from a cardinal number +noun,from an44ordinal number : one-fifth, two-sixths, three-eighths, one-ninthIX. 1. "thread" as in "The little crowd of mourners...threaded their way across the market… ", indicating that the market was so crowdedthat the crowd could hardly pass through.2. "rise", "sweat", "starve", and "sink" as in "They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard"-", giving a deep impression of how these people live a short and miserable life.3. "sidle" as in "An Arab navvy working on the path nearby lowered his heavy hoe and sidled slowly towards us", showing clearly how a shy man walked carefully.4. "grope" as in "Even a blind man .'. heard a rumour of cigarettes and came crawling out, groping in the air with his hand", presenting a clear picture of a blind man desiring to get a cigarette.5. "mummify" as in "All of them are mummified with age and the sun "--", a forceful word indicating what a miserable state those women are in.6. "hobble" as in"'" the file of old women had hobbled past the house with their firewood "'", indicating that these women could not walk properly because of the heavy load they were carrying.7. "tip" as in """ its master tips it into the ditch """, showing how casually a master deals with his dead dog which has served him devotedly.8. "stow" as in "I tore off a piece and he stowed it gratefully in some secret place under his rags", designating how much the poor navvy treasured that piece of bread.Ⅹ. the British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk, there was only a single armored divison left to protect the home island.2. Although the dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, it is still being plowed for profitless wheat farming.3. If the educational program is to succeed, it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.4. They have wasted their natural resources, which they should have protected and conserved.5. Soon other settlers were coming in over the first rough trail which the Caldwell family had opened.6. The Smithsonian Institute is constantly working, with little or no publicity, for a better understanding of nature for man'sbenefit.7. Queen Mary was easily shaken by passions--passions of love and of hatred and revenge.8. For a few days I dreaded opening the door of his office.9. Concealed by the fog of early dawn, I crawled out and made my way to the beach.10. Leaving the door of the safe unlocked and taking the leather bag of coins, I walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ.1."Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature" is the topic sentence. This paragraph lacks unity. It is a bad piece of writing. The writer of this paragraph has completely forgotten what he had started out to say. Instead of being an "eternal battle", life in this paragraph be-comes a pleasant and exciting experience--which it probably is, but that is not what the writer set out to prove. "There are three reasons why I like Japanese food" is the topic sentence. This paragraph lacks unity because the writer introduces facts and ideas irrelevant to the topic stated in his opening sentence, e. g. "However, most Japanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. " and "Also, from the male point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for another reason--the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food.Ⅻ. pulled, feel, goes, went, come, fe11, altered, paralyzed seemed, sagged, slobbered, settled, imagined, fired, collapse, climbed, drooping, did, jolt, knock, falling, tower, reaching, trumpeted, came, shakeⅩⅢ. Omitted.ⅪⅤ. Shack Dwellers in Old ShanghaiAt the edge of Old Shanghai, there were some areas neglected by the splendid city: they were desolate, dirty, and lay humbly at the foot of high-rise factory chimney. From the point of view of the city residents, these places were not suit- able for men. There, however, did live crowds of creature called human beings. They dwelled in the shacks they built themselves. A shack was made up of mud and dried hay--the former being the component of walls and the latter being the roof. Usually there was a small door with a thin wooden board and seldom was there any window. One could easily touch the roof with his hand. The shack was small and dim, thus the door was seldom kept closed.When it rained or blew, there was no more difference inside than outside.How did they manage to live Some of them were road builders: they dug hard with a pickaxe, pulled a huge stone roller to flatten the road, or dug gutters underground all the day. Some made a living by wheelbarrow. With a load of nearly 500 kilogrammes, they pushed forward sweating all over. Some dragged their rickshaws. And among those shack dwellers were many industrial workers, male and female. When a child grew to be thirteen, he or she started to work in a factory. In short, the vast majority of the people did toil but got a slight gain.。

EXERCISES 2Ⅰ. Write short notes on: Marrakech and Morocco.Suggested Reference Books [SRB]1.any standard gazetteer2.Encyclopaedia BritannicaⅡ.Questions on content:1. Instead of telling the reader that the natives are poor, Orwell shows poverty in at least five ways. Identify them.2.How are people buried in Marrakech?3.Explain the sentence, "All colonial empires are in realityfounded upon that fact."(para 3)4.What do you think medieval ghettoes were like?5.Why does the writer say, "A good job Hitler wasn't here"?6. What kind of people, according to Orwell, are partly invisible? Why does he stress this point?7.How was land cultivated in Morocco?8.Why was the old woman surprised when the writer gave hera five-sou piece?9. What did every white man think when he saw a black army marching past? Ⅲ. Questions on appreciation:1.The things of value, Orwell says in "Why I Write, " are alwayspolitical. Is this essay political? Has the writer said anything ofvalue?2. Orwell describes humansuffering and misery rather objectively. How then can you tell that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery?3. Why does the writer reveal his feelings about the donkeys butconceal his feelings about the people? ,What effect does this contrast have on the reader?4.Could paras 4-7 just as well come after 8-15 as before?Could other groups of paragraphs be rearranged? What does thisindicate about the organization? What gives the essay coherence?5.Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism?Has the writer succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evilthing" ?ment on Orwell's lucid style and fine attention tosignificant descriptive details.Ⅳ. Paraphrase:1.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth,like a derelict building-lot. (para 2)2. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. (para3)3. They rise out Of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless moundsof the graveyard (para3)4. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (para 9)5.Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was afrenzied rush of Jews (para 10)6.every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more orless impossible luxury (para 10)7.Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (para 16)8.In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything exceptthe human beings. (para 16)9.No one would think of running cheap trips to theDistressed Areas. (para 17)10. for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless, backbreaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil(para 17)11.She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say asa beast of burden. (para 19)12.People with brown skins are next door to invisible. (para 21)13.Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-downkhaki uniforms (para 23)14.How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?(para 25)15. Every white manthere had this thought stowed somewhereor other in his mind. (para 26)Ⅴ. Translate paras 20 and 21 into Chinese.Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the itali -cized words:1.wailing a short chant over and over again (para 2)2.an Arab navvy working on the path nearby (para 6)3.he stowed it gratefully (para 7)4.his left leg is warped out of shape (para 9)5.as the Jews live in a self-contained community (para 11)6.the plough is a wretched wooden thing (para 18)7.all of them are mummified with age and the sun (para 19)8.their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-downkhaki uniforms (para 23)9.so had the officers on their sweating chargers (para 26)Ⅶ. Discriminate the followi ng groups of synonyms:1.wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan2.frenzy, mania, delirium, hysteria3.glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkleSuggested Reference Books [ SRB ]1.Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language2.Webs ter ’s New Dictionary of Synonyms3.Reader's Digest, Use the Right WordⅧ. Study the formation of the following compound nouns and list 5-10 examples of each:1.burying-ground2.gravestone3.mid-air4.overcrowding5.nine-tenths1.any standard dictionary2.any book on lexicology or word buildingIX. In this essay, the writer makes effective use of specific verbs.List 10 specific verbs you consider used most effectively and giveyour reasons.Ⅹ.Each of the following sentences may be made more compact by proper subordination.Rewrite them, using subordinate clauses,appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases:1. The British army had lost all its equipment at Dunkirk,and there was only a single armored division left to protect the home island.dry prairie land will drift away in dust storms, but it is stillbeing plowed for profitless wheat farming.educational program may succeed, but it has to have more than mere financial support from the government.have wasted their natural resources, but they should haveprotected and conserved them.Caldwell family opened the first rough trail and soon othersettlers were coming.6. The Smithsonian Institution is constantly working for a better understanding of nature for man's benefit, and it gets little or nopublicity.7. QueenMary was easily shaken by passions. They were both passions of love and passion of hatred and revenge.8.I dreaded opening the door of his office, but it was onlyfor a few days.9.It was early morning and there was a fog and so I crawledout and made my way to the beach.10.I left the door of the safe unlocked and took the leatherbag of coins and walked down the street toward the bank.Ⅺ.Read the following p aragraphs and then answer the questions: 1)What is the topic sentence? 2) Has the writer succeeded in achievingunity? Give your reasons.1.Life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There isalways the rush to harvest the crops and to get next year' s grainplanted before the fall rains start. To get this accomplished the farmermust be out at work by daybreak. Fruits and vegetables have to begathered before the early frost; hence everyone is bustlingaround from morning till night. Fall is beautiful when the leaves onthe trees change color and then fall off. Winter sends its warmingcover over the froze ground. This causes the animals to hunt forsomething to eat. There is nothing, so the farmer has to feed them.After his day's work is done, the farmer puts on his slippers, reclines on the davenport in front of the fireplace, and spends a peacefulevening reading. Within a few months spring begins with its beautiful flowers and green grass. The cows give more milk so the farmer hasmore work to do. After the first spring rain, the corn must becultivated. As summerap-proaches the farmer begins to worry for fear that the sun will come up and cook the grain before it is fullydeveloped, or maybe a thunderstorm will come up thus causing his haycrop to rot.2. There are three reasons why I like Japanese food. When I wasgrowing up I never ate Japanese food, since we lived in a part of Texas where there were no Orentals, but now I really like it. One of thebest things about Japanese food is that it consists primarily of meat and vegetables, so that it's not at all fattening. However, mostJapanese love rice. One of my Japanese friends has at least two bowls of rice at every meal. Another reason for liking Japanese food is that it's always beautifully served, even at lower-priced restaurants.Every dish is a work of art: the chicken yakitori is presented on agleaming platter crisscrossed with skewers of meat and vegetables,and the shrimp tempura comes on a lovely little bamboo tray. For theAmerican who wants to serve Japanese food like this, these plattersand trays may be purchased at a local import store. My final reasonfor liking Japanese food is its exotic flavor. There is nothing inAmerican or European cuisine quite like the flavor of sashimi (rawfish dipped in soy sauce and horseradish) or shabu-shabu, a meat and vegetable dish that you cook right at your own table by swishing thebite-sized pieces in a pan of seasoned boiling water. Also, from themale point of view, Japanese restaurants are attractive for anotherreason-- the beautiful little doll-like waitresses, who bow and smile shyly as they serve your food. With all this, is there any wonderJapanese food appeals to me?Ⅻ. Choose the right word from the list below for each blank : fell come did firedpulled feel sagged collapsegoes altered slobbered climbedwent paralysed settled droopingjolt seemed imagined knockfalling tower reaching trumpetedshake cameWhen I ________the trigger I did not hear the bang or____________the kick -- one never does when a shot ___________ home--but I heard the devilish roar of glee that _________ up from thecrowd. In that instant, in too short a time, one would have thought,even for the bullet to get there, a mysterious, terrible change had________over the elephant. He neither stirred nor_______, but everyline of his body had________ He looked suddenly stricken, shrunken, immensely old, as though the frightful impact of the bullet had_________ him without knocking him down. At last, after what _________ a long time -- it might have been five seconds, I dare say–he_______flabbily to his knees. His mouth _______An enormous senility seemed to have ______ upon him. One could have ______him thousandsof years old. I _______again into the same spot. At the second shothe did not_______ but ______with desperate slowness to his feet andstood weakly upright, with legs sagging and head _______ . I fireda third time. That was the shot that _______for him. You could seethe agony of it _____his whole body and ________ the last remnant of strength from his legs. But in ______ he seemed for a moment to rise, for as his hind legs collapsed beneath him he seemedto_______ upward like a huge rock toppling, his trunk _______skywards like a tree.He________, for the first and only time. And then down he ________,his belly towards me, with a crash that seemedto _________ the ground even where I lay.XIII. Topics for oral work:1.What can you infer about the author's political attitude fromthis essay?2.Do you like Orwell' s style? Give examples to support yourXIV. Write a short composition describing objectively the sufferingand poverty of pre-liberation China or of any city. Try to maintainan objective tone, but your real feelings should be ev- ident tothe reader.习题全解Ⅰ. Marrakech: in west central Morocco, at the Northern foot of thehigh Atlas, 130 miles south of Casablanca, the chief seaport.The city renowned for leather goods, is one of the principal commercial centersof Morocco. It was founded in 1062 and was the capital of Morocco from then until 1147 and again from 1550 to 1660. It was captured by theFrench in 1912, when its modern growth began. It has extremely hot summers but mild winters. Yearly rainfall is 9 inches and limited towinter months. The city was formerly also called Morocco.Morocco: Located in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Morocco is the farthest west of all the Arab countries. Rabat is the capital. The estimated population in 1973 was 15,600,000. About 2000 B. C. it was settled by Berber tribes, who have formed the basis of the population ever since. The Arabs invaded Morocco in the7thcentury, bringing with them Islam. From the end of the 17thcentury until the early 19th century Morocco was almost entirely free fromforeign influence. But in 1912, a Franco- Spanish agreement dividedMorocco into 4 administrative zones. It gained independence in 1956and became a constitutional monarchy in 1957. Morocco is a member ofthe United Nations, the League of Arab States, and the Organizationof African Unity. Moroccans are mainly farmers (70%)who try to growtheir own food. They often use camels, donkeys and mules to pull their plows. In the south a few tribesmen still, wander from place to place in the desert.Ⅱ. 1. Here are five things he describes to show poverty - (a) the burial of the poor inhabitants (b)an Arab Navvy, an employee of themunicipality, begging for a piece of bread (c)the miserable lives ofthe Jews in the ghettoes~ (d)cultivation of the poor soil; (e) theold women carrying fire wood.2.See paragraphs 1 and 2.3.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating thepeople in the colonies as animals instead of as human be rags.4.Medieval ghettoes were probably like the Jewish quarters inMarrakech--overcrowded, thousands of people living in a narrowstreet, houses completely windowless, and the whole area dirtyand unhygienic.5.If Hitler were here, all the Jews would have been massacred.6. Those who work with their hands are partly invisible.It ’s only because of this that the starved countries of Asia and Africa areaccepted as tourist resorts. The people are not treated as humanbeings, and it is on this fact that all colonial empires are in reality founded.7.See paragraph 18.8.The old woman was surprised because someone was takingnotice of her and treating her as a human being. She accepted herstatus as an old woman, that is to say, as a beast of burden.9, Every white man thought. "How much longer can we go on kiddingthese people? How long before they turn their guns in the otherdirection?" They knew they could not go on fooling these black people any longer. Someday they would rise up in revolt and free themselves.Ⅲ. 1. Yes, it is. In this essay Orwell denounces the evils ofcolonialism or imperialism by mercilessly exposing the poverty,misery and degradation of the native people in the colonies.2.He managesto show that he is outraged at the spectacle of misery, first,through the appropriate use of words second, through the clever choice of the scenes he describes; third, through the tone in whichhe describes these scenes and finally,by contrasting the indignation at the cruel handling of the donkey with the unconcern towardsthe fate of the human beings.3.Because that shows the cruel treatment the donkeys receiveevokes a greater feeling of sympathy in the breasts of the whitemasters than the miserable fate of the people. This contrast haveon the reader an effect that the people are not considered nortreated as human beings.4.Paragraphs 4-7 could as well come after 8-15 as before.Other groups of paragraphs could be rearranged. This indicates thatthe whole passage is made up of various independent examples or illustrations of the people's poverty and suffering. The centraltheme--all colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact--gives unity and cohesion to the whole essay.5.This essay gives a new insight into imperialism. Yes, hehas succeeded in showing that imperialism is an "evil thing".6.Orwell is good at the appropriate use of simple but forcefulwords and the clever choice of the scenes he describes. His lucid style and fine attention to significant descriptive details efficientlyconveyed to the readers the central idea "all colonial empires arein reality founded upon this fact", the fact that the people are notconsidered or treated as human beings.IV. 1. The buring-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on whicha building was going to be put up.2.All the imperialists build up their empires by treating thepeople in the colonies like animals (by not treating the peoplein the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4.Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashionedlathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legshe is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a pieceof luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region,you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the touriststo visit the poor slum areas (for these trips 42V．Ⅵ．Ⅶ . would not be interesting)．10 ．life is very hard for ninety percent of the people．With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil．11 ．She took it for granted that as an old womanshe was the lowest in the。

Unit 1:1. We’re 23 feet above sea level.2. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.3. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.4. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out.5. Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.6. The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.7. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.8. Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.9. Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped.10. Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane.Unit 2:1. The burying-ground is nothing more than a huge piece of wasteland full of mounds of earth looking like a deserted and abandoned piece of land on which a building was going to be put up.2. All the imperialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies like animals (by not treating the people in the colonies as human beings).3. They are born. Then for a few years they work, toil and starve. Finally they die and are buried in graves without a name.4. Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old-fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round shape to the chair-legs he is making.5. Immediately from their dark hole-like cells everywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited.6. Every one of these poor Jews looked on the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they could not possibly afford.7. However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable.8. If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical region, you see everything but the human beings.9. No one would think of organizing cheap trips for the tourists to visit the poor slum areas (for these trips would not be interesting).10. Life is very hard for ninety percent of the people. With hard backbreaking toil they can produce a little food on the poor soil.11. She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community，that she was only fit for doing heavy work like an animal.12. People with brown skins are almost invisible.13. The Senegalese soldiers were wearing ready-made khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful well-built bodies.14. How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack us?15. Every white man, including the onlookers, the officers on their horses and the white N.C.O. marching with the black soldiers, had this thought hidden somewhere or other in his mind.Unit 4:1. Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world.2. This much we promise to do and we promise to do more.3. United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings.4. We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries.5. The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace.6. We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate wouldcontinue to be in effect or in force.7. before the terrible forces of destruction, which science can now release, overwhelm mankind; before this self-destruction, which may be planned or brought about by an accident, takes place 8. Y et both groups of nations are trying to change as quickly as possible this uncertain balance of terrible military power which restrains each group from launching mankind's final war.9. So let us start once again (to discuss and negotiate) and let us remember that being polite is nota sign of weakness.10. Let both sides try to call forth the wonderful things that science can do for mankind instead of the frightful things it can do.11. Americans of every generation have been called upon to prove their loyalty to their country (by fighting and dying for their country's cause).12. knowing that we are doing the right thing, which is the only reward we are certain to get in return, and that history will finally judge whether we have done the right thing or not.Unit 5:See key sentences mentioned in class.Unit 10:1. At the very mention of this post-war period, middle-aged people begin to think about it longingly...2. In any case, an American could not avoid casting aside its middle-class respectability and affected refinement.3. The war only helped to speed up the breakdown of the V ictorian social structure.4. In America at least, the young people were strongly inclined to shirk their responsibilities. They pretended to be worldly-wise, drinking and behaving naughtily.5. The young people found greater pleasure in their drinking because Prohibition, by making drinking unlawful added a sense of adventure.6. Our young men joined the armies of foreign countries to fight in the war.7. The young people wanted to take part in the glorious adventure before the whole war ended.8. These young people could no longer adapt themselves to life in their home towns or their families.9. The returning veteran also had to face Prohibition which the lawmakers hypocritically assumed would do good to the people.10. (Under all this force and pressure) something in the youth of America, who were already very tense, had to break down.11. It was only natural that hopeful young writers whose minds and writings were filled with violent anger against war, Babbitry, and "Puritanical" gentility, should come in great numbers to live in Greenwich Village, the traditional artistic centre.12. Each town was proud that it had a group of wild, reckless people, who lived unconventional lives.。

Unit11.An inblance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics贫富不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾2.Their poverty is a temporary misfortune,if they are poor and meek,they eventually will inherit the earth他们的贫穷只是一种暂时性的不幸，如果他们贫穷但却温顺，他们最终将成为世界的主人3.Couples in love should repair to R H Macy‟s not their bedroom热恋的夫妇应该在梅西百货商店过夜，而不是他们的新房4.The American beauty rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it.and so is in economic life.It‟s merely the working out of the a law of the nature and a law of god美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口，而她之所以能被培植就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾被插掉了，在经济生活中情况亦是如此。

这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用5.(it has become) an economically not unrewarding enterprise. （它已成为）经济上收入不菲的行业6.There is~~no form of oppression that is quiet so great,no constriction on thought and effort quiet so comprehensive,as that which come from having no money at all没有哪种压迫比身无分文更厉害，也没有哪种对思想和行为的束缚比一无所有来得更全面彻底7.Freedom we rightly cherish,cherishing it,we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need 我们珍惜自由式对的。

Unit 1:1．Which sentence in the first paragraph establishes the link between the driving of a nail and the choice of a word?2．So with language firmly and exactly.2. what does the word “this” in sentence 1,para 2, refer to? Getting the word that is completely right for the writer’s purpose.3．Do you agree with the author that there is a great deal of truth in the seemingly stupid question “How can I know what I think till I see what I say?”The question sounds irrational, but is true. Unless we have found the exact words to verbalize our own thoughts, we can never be very sure of what our thoughts are. Without words, our thoughts can not be defined or stated in a clear and precise manner.4. expain why the word “imprison” in the example given in para.9, though not a malapropism, is still not the right word for the writer’s purpose?“malapropism” means the unintentional misuse of a word by confusing it with one that resembles it, such as “human” for“humane”, “singularity” for “singleness”. But the mis use of imprison is different case, it is wrongly chosen because the user has failed to recognise its associations.5.Please make comments on the three pairs of examples given in this section. Compare and contrast their differences in meaning.human: of, or relating to man. (human being; human nature; human rights)humane: characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassion. (humane judge,humane officer)Human action = action taken by human;Humane action = merciful action;Human killer = person that kills human;Humane killer = instruments which kill but cause little pain, esp. those for the painless killing of animals.6. what does the word “alive” in the sentence “a student needs to be alive to these differences” (para.9)mean?Sensitive, alert.7. the writer begins his article with an analogy between the unskilled use of the hammer and the improper choice of words.indentify the places where the analogy is referred to in the rest of the article.“we don’t have to look far afield to find the evid ence of carpentry”(para.5)“it is perhaps easier to be a good craftman with wood and nail than a good craftsman with words.”(para.9)“a good carpenter is not distinguished by the number of his tools, but by the craftsmanship with which he uses them. So a good writer is not measured by the extent of his vocabulary, but by his skill in finding the “mot juste”, the word that will hit the nail cleanly on the head.”(para.11)Paraphrase1.A writer who pay great attention to expressing the exact English will never be satisfied with a word which can not express an idea accurately.2.For the reader can easily understand what kind of feelings and thoughts we want to convey, we need to be careful to choo se the words we used in article.3.Finding the most suitable word is in no sense easy. Butthere is nothing like the delight and excitement we shall experience when we pick up such a word.4.If we can use language accurately we are in a position to totally understand the subject matter.Tanslation1. 在举出许多事实并列出一些统计数字后，他终于把他的论点说清楚了。

上册L1 Rock SuperstarsB.Translate the following into Chinese:1.他说：“贾格尔拿着装有半加仑水的罐子沿着舞台前沿跑动，把水洒到前几排狂热的观众身上。

2.你如何看待这种赞美和英雄崇拜？3.你是不是莫名其妙地被这个怪异的小丑所吸引，因为他表现出你最疯狂的幻想。

4.一些社会学家认为你对这些问题的回答很能说明你在想些什么，你的社会在想些什么。

换句话说，就是可以说明你和社会的态度。

5.只不过是艾尔维斯设法体现了50年代青少年那种失落的精神风貌。

6.感情，作为任何音乐形式的一个组成部分，是个永恒的主题。

7.这一乡村气息，赫罗威次感到，帮助听众表达了一种“逃避现实”，“重归往昔”的愿望。

8.在1972年进行的一次全国性民意调查中，有10％以上的高中男生和20％以上的女生把摇滚巨星视为自己的偶像。

F. Translate the following into EnglishRock music began in America in the late 1950’s. It was not only a new musical form, but a debating forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life. In this forum, the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights, war arid peace, the disaffection of their society, and a range of emotions between love and hate. All in all, in this forum, the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelings of their society. The typical representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley, singer and poet Bob Dylan, the Beatles, and the Rolling Stones and so on. They were the culture heroes whom the young people worshipped. L2 Four Choices for Young PeoplsB.1．很显然他所说的代表了许多同龄人的想法。