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阿真舍湾赫尔曼沃克一、阿真舍湾一片灰色的宁静笼罩着蛮荒环布的纽芬兰阿真舍湾那些美国军舰就停泊在这里静候着温斯顿丘吉尔的到来。
轻烟薄雾将一切都染成了灰色灰色的海水灰色的天空灰色的空气还有那略带着一点绿意的灰色的山丘。
在尖厉的哨声和扩音喇叭声中那些军舰上的水兵和军官们如往常一样在执行着各自的军务。
在军舰上那些日常的喧闹声所及的范围之外便是那笼罩着阿真舍湾的一片原始蛮荒的静寂。
九点钟三艘灰色的驱逐舰驶入了视线后面跟着出现一艘涂着蛇皮般迷彩伪装色的战列舰那便是英国皇家海军的“威尔士亲王号”也是在场的最大军舰舰上装备着的大炮曾经击中德舰“俾斯麦号”。
当它驶过“奥古斯特号”时甲板上的军乐队打破寂静奏响了美国国歌《星条旗》。
此曲一终“奥古斯特号的后甲板上的军乐队接着奏起了英国国歌《上帝保佑吾王》。
在一号炮塔上临时支起的帆布凉篷下面帕格亨利同海陆军将领们以及艾弗里尔哈里曼和萨姆纳韦尔斯等显要文职官员们一起站在总统的身边。
他们可以清楚地看到距离不到五百码远的丘吉尔他穿着一身式样古怪的蓝色衣服手中挥动着一根大亨茄。
身材比所有的人都高大得多的总统则穿着一套正正规规的大号棕色西装撑在装着支架的病腿上僵直地站着一只手拿着礼帽故于胸前另一只手抓着儿子的胳膊。
他的儿子是海军航空队的一位军官面貌同他极为相像。
罗斯福那粉红色的大脸上有意识地露m一副庄重严肃的表情。
《上帝保佑吾王》演奏既毕总统的表情轻松起来。
“唷我还从来没有听到过演奏得比这更好的《我的祖国这是您》。
”周围的人对总统的这句玩笑报以礼貌的微笑罗斯福本人也笑了起来随着水手长吹出的一声尖厉的哨音巡洋舰甲板上的这场检阅活动结束了。
二、哈利霍普金斯海军上将金招呼帕格。
“坐我的快艇到…威尔士亲王号‟上去给哈利霍普金斯先生送个信。
总统希望在丘吉尔来访之前同他先谈谈因此请赶快去办。
” “是长官。
” 维克多亨利坐着金的快艇驶过几百码平静的水面从“奥古斯特号”来到“威尔士亲王号”。
他实际上是从美国来到了英国从和平跨进了战争。
新版剑桥商务英语高级第三版课后答案unit141、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] * A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have2、I paint a lot of pictures. [单选题] *A. 评论B. 注意C. 悬挂D. 画(正确答案)3、20．Jerry is hard-working. It’s not ______ that he can pass the exam easily. [单选题] * A．surpriseB．surprising (正确答案)C．surprisedD．surprises4、52．I'm happy to ________ a birthday card from an old friend. [单选题] *A．buyB．makeC．loseD．receive(正确答案)5、—Do you like to watch Hero?—Yes. I enjoy ______ action movies. （）[单选题] *A. watchB. watching(正确答案)C. to watchD. watches6、19．Students will have computers on their desks ________ . [单选题] *A．in the future(正确答案)B．on the futureC．at the momentD．in the past7、It is reported that the fire caused serious（）to that school building. [单选题] *A. damage(正确答案)B. destroyC. harmD.hurt8、16．Lily is a lovely girl. We all want to ________ friends with her. [单选题] * A．haveB．make(正确答案)C．doD．take9、Jeanne's necklace was _____ 500 francs at most. [单选题] *A. worthyB. costC. worth(正确答案)D. valuable10、I?have to?_______ my younger brother on Sunday. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look upC. take careD. look out11、We are very hungry now. Can you _______ us something to eat? [单选题] *A. carryB. takeC. borrowD. bring(正确答案)12、He made ______ for an old person on the bus. [单选题] *A. room(正确答案)B. roomsC. a roomD. some rooms13、His new appointment takes（）from the beginning of next month. [单选题] *A. placeB. effect(正确答案)C. postD. office14、David ______ at home when I called at seven o’clock yesterday evening. （）[单选题] *A. didn’tB. doesn’tC. wasn’t(正确答案)D. isn’t15、You might not like the way Sam behaves, but please be kind to him. _____, he is your grandfather. [单选题] *A. After all(正确答案)B. Above allC. In allD. At all16、The relationship between employers and employees has been studied（）. [单选题] *A. originallyB. extremelyC. violentlyD. intensively(正确答案)17、Guilin is _______ its beautiful scenery. [单选题] *A. famous for(正确答案)B. interested inC. fond ofD. careful with18、Jim, we have _______ important to tell you right now . [单选题] *A. someB. something(正确答案)C. anyD. anything19、_____ whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision. [单选题] *A. What is not yet knownB. It is not yet known(正确答案)C. As is not yet knownD. This is not yet known20、Tom didn’t _______ his exam again. It was a pity. [单选题] *A. winB. pass(正确答案)C. beatD. Fail21、In 2019 we moved to Boston,（）my grandparents are living. [单选题] *A. whoB. whenC. where(正确答案)D. for which22、Is there going to ______ a football match in the stadium next month?（）[单选题] *A. beingB. haveC. be(正确答案)D. having23、I arrived _____ the city _____ 9:00 am _______ April [单选题] *A. at, in, atB. to, on, atC. in, or, atD. in, at, on(正确答案)24、--_______ do you have to do after school?--Do my homework, of course. [单选题] *A. What(正确答案)B. WhenC. WhereD. How25、9．There will be a lot of activities at English Festival nest month. Which one would you like to ________? [单选题] *A．take part in (正确答案)B．joinC．attendD．go26、Three ______ died of water pollution last winter. [单选题] *A. hundreds of villagersB. hundred villagers(正确答案)C. hundreds villagersD. hundred of villagers27、—______ do you play basketball?—Twice a week.（）[单选题] *A. How often(正确答案)B. How muchC. How manyD. How long28、Many young people like to _______ at weekends. [单选题] *A. eat out(正确答案)B. eat upC. eat onD. eat with29、My sister _______ listen to music when she was doing her homework．[单选题] *A. used to(正确答案)B. use toC. is used toD. uses to30、9．—Will there be more cars in the future?—________. [单选题] *A．See youB．Well, I'm not sure(正确答案)C．You're welcomeD．Thank you。
《高级英语》（第三版）重排版（第一册）Lesson 14 Speech on Hitler’s Invasion of the U.S.S.R.Key to ExercisesIII. Paraphrase1. “I think the Red Army men will be surrounded and captured in very large numbers.”2. Hitler was hoping that if he attacked Russia, he would win in Britain and the U.S. the support of those who were enemies of Communism.3. Winant said the United States would follow the same policy.4. I would say a word in favor of anyone who is attacked by Hitler, no matter how bad, how wicked or evil he had been in the past.5. The Nazi state does not have any ideal or guiding principle at all. All it has is a strong desire for conquest and rule by the Aryan race, the allegedly most superior race in the world.6. “I see German bombers and fighters in the sky, which have suffered severe losses in the aerial Battle of England and now feel happy because they think they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss.”7. “We shall be more determined and shall make better and fuller use of our resour ces.”8. Let us strengthen our unity and our efforts in the fight against Nazi Germany when we have not yet been overwhelmed and when we are still powerful.IV. Practice with Words and ExpressionsA.1. surprise: to attack suddenly and without warning; to come upon suddenly or unexpectedly2. round up: to herd/collect together (people or animals who are scattered, or who have fled, etc.)3. count on: to expect that something will happen4. theme: a recurring, unifying subject or idea appetite: very strong desire5. unsay; to retract a statement6. fresh: recently returned tie down: (obsolete) to reduce to bondage; to enslave7. smarting: feeling pain and resentment8. democracies: countries that have democracy, meaning here Britain, the Commonwealth countries, the United States9. moralise: (usu. derog) to express one’s thought on the wrongness of10. hurl: to throw something using a lot of force11. hearth: (literary) referring to home and family12. quarter: place of abodeB.1. preparing, writing down2. very fast and violently3. obtaining, getting4. returned5. frontiers6. ancient time7. evil8. agree9. hold talks with our enemy10. sadly, deplorablyC.1. standing on the borders of their country2. still feeling the pain of great losses in the aerial Battle of England they can easily beat the Russian air force without heavy loss3. behind all this hostility and fighting let off this flood of suffering and disasters4. launch a fierce attack with overwhelming forces on this Island5. pave the way for his planned invasion of the British Isles6. the stage will be ready for the final actV. TranslationA.1. This is true of the rural area as well as of the urban area.2. He was counting on their support.3. I don’t remember his exact words, but I’m sure he did say something to that effect.4. The guests were overwhelmed by the warm reception.5. They overwhelmed the enemy by a surprise attack.6. Their difficulty is our difficulty just as we view their victory as our own victory.7. It is clear that German fascists were trying to subjugate the people in that region.B.1. “我只有一个目标，那就是摧毁希特勒，这样一来，我的生活目标也大为简化了。
paigns celebrating the Big Apple, those T-shirts with a heart design proclaiming “I love New York,”are signs, pathetic in their desperation, of how the m ighty has fallen. New York City used to leave the bragging to others, for bragg ing w as “bush” Being unique, the biggest and the best, New York didn’t have to assert how special it was.’t the top anym ore, at least if the top is m easured by who begets the styles and sets the trends. Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste as often as it is out of step with Am erican politics. Once it was the nation’s undisputed fashion authority, but it too long resisted the incom ing casual style and lost its m onopoly. No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing Am erican trends, a place to escape Comm on Denom inator Land.ore and m ore evident. A dozen other cities have buildings m ore inspired architecturally than any built in New York City in the past twenty years. The giant Manhattan television studios where Toscanini’s NBCSym phony once played now sit empty m ost of the time, while sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preem pt the airways from California. Tin Pan Alley has m oved to Nashville and Hollywood. Vegas casinos routinely pay heavy sum s to singers and entertainers whom no nightspot in Manhattan can afford to hire. In sports, the bigger superdom es, the m ore exciting teams, them ost enthusiastic fans, are often found elsewhere.–being regarded as unfriendly, unsafe, overcrowded, and expensive –but it is m aking som ething of a com eback as a tourist attraction. Even so, m ost Americans would probably rate New Orleans, San Francisco, Washington, or Disneyland higher. A dozen other cities, including m yhom etown of Seattle, are widely considered better cities to live in.any Europeans call New York their favorite city? They take m ore readily than do m ost Americans to its cosm opolitan com plexities, its surviving, aloof, European standards, its alien mixtures. Perhaps som e of these Europeans are reassured by the sight, on the twin fashion avenues of Madison and Fifth, of all those familiar international nam es – the jewelers, shoe stores, and designer shops that exist to flatter and bilk the frivolous rich. But no; what m ost excites Europeans is the city’s charged, nervous atm osphere, its vulgar dynam ism .share of articulate losers, it is also about m ockery, the put-down , the loser’s shrug (“whaddya gonna do?”). It is about constant battles for subway seats, for a cabdriver’s or a clerk’s or a waiter’s attention, for a foothold , a chance, a better address, a larger billing. To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proxim ity to the frustrated majority.e. And though I have lived there m ore than half m y life, you won’t find m e wearing an “I Love New York”T-shirt. But all in all, I can’t think of m any places in the world I’d rather live. It’s not easy to define why.’s pleasures are m uch qualified in New York. You never see a star-filledsky; the city’s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens. Sunsets can be spectacular: oranges and reds tinting the sky over the Jersey m eadows and gaudily reflected in a thousand windows on Manha ttan’s jagged skyline. Nature constantly yields to m an in New York: witness those fragile sidewalk trees gamely struggling against encroaching cem ent and petrol fum es. Central Park, which Frederick Law Olm sted designed as lungs for the city’s poor, i s in places grassless and filled with trash, no longer pristine yet lively with the noise and vivacity of people, largely youths, blacks, and Puerto Ricans, enjoying them selves. On park benches sit older people,m ostly white, looking displaced. It has becom e less a tranquil park than an untidy carnival.our of the city, which never beckoned to m e from a distance, but itsopportunity –to practice the kind of journalism I wanted –drew me to New York. I wasn’t even sure how I’d m easure up against others who had been m ore soundly educated at Ivy League schools, or whether I could com pete against that tough local breed, those intellectual sons of immigrants, so highly m otivated and single-minded, such as Alfred Kazin, who for div ersion (for heaven’t sake!) played Bach’s Unaccompanied Partitas on the violin.ost banal and m arketable of one’s talents, still draws m any of the young to New York. That and, as always, the com pany of others fleeing som ething constricting where they cam e from. Together these young share a freedom, a community of inexpensive am usements, a casualliving, and som e rough tim es. It can’t be the living conditions that appeal, for only fond mem ory will forgive the inconvenience, risk, and squalor. Comm ercial Broadway m ay be inaccessible to them, but there is off- Broadway, and then off-off-Broadway. If painters disdain Madison Avenue’s plush art galleries, Madison Avenue dealers set up shop in the grubby precincts of Soho. But the purity of a bohem ian dedication can be exaggerated. The artistic young inhabit the sam e Greenwich Village and its fringes in which the experim entalists in the arts lived during the Depression, united by a world against them. But the present generation is enough of a subculture to be a source of profitable boutiques and coffeehouses. And it is not all that estranged.ost respects from mainland America, but in two areas it remains dominant. It is the banking and the comm unications headquarters for America. In both these roles it ratifies m ore than it creates. Wall Street will advance the m illions to m ake a Hollywood m ovie only if convinced that a bestselling title o r a star name will ensure its success. The networks’ news centers are here, and the largest book publishers, and the biggest m agazines – and therefore the largest body of critics to appraise the films, the plays, the m usic, the books that others have created. New York is a judging town, and often invokes standards that the rest of the country deplores or ignores. A m arket for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.arkets and devising the catchy jingles that will m ove m illions from McDonald’s to Burger king, so that the adagency’s “creative director”can lunch instead in Manhattan’s expense-account French restaurants. The bankers and the admen. The m arketing specialists and a thousand well-paid ancillary service people, really set the city’s brittle tone— catering to a wide American public whose num bers m ust be respected but whose tastes do not have to shared. The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity. So does an attitude which sees the public only in terms of large, malleable numbers— as impersonally as does the clattering subway turnstile beneath the office towers.surprised by the lack of cynicism, particularly am ong the younger ones, of those who work in such fields. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype, delights in much of it, and has no scruples about practicing it. Men and wom an do their jobs professionally, and, like the pilots who from great heights bom bed Hanoi, seem unmarked by it. They lead their real lives elsewhere, in the Village bars they are indistinguishable in dress or behavior from would-be artists, actors, and writers. The boundaries of “art for art’s sake” aren’t so rigid anym ore; art itself is less sharply defined, and those whose paintings don’t sell do illustrations; those who can’ get acting jobs do comm ercials; those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the m agazines. Besides, serious art often feeds in the popular these days, changing it with fond irony.e the newcom ers find or from their won worlds; Manhatten is m any such words, huddled together but rarely interaction. I think this is what gives the city itssense of freedom. There are enough like you, whatever you are. And it isn’t asnecessary to know anything about an apartm ent neighbor- or to worry about his judgm ent of you- as it is about som eone with an adjoining yard. In New York, like seeks like, and by econom y of effort excludes the rest as stranger. This distancing, this uncaring in ordinary encounters, has another side: in no other Am erican city can the lonely be as lonely.uch m ore needs to be said. New Your is a wounded city, declining in its am enities . Overloaded by its tax burdens. But it is not dying city; the streets are safer than they were five years age; Broadway, which seem ed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environm ent, is astir again.enace, the noise, the brusqueness- all confirm outsiders in their conviction that they wouldn’t live here if you gave them the place. Yet show a New Yorker a splendid hom e in Dallas, or a swimming pool and cabana in Beverly Hills, and he will be admiring but not envious. So m uch of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world. Too static, the New Yorker would say. Tell him about the vigor of your outdoor pleasures; he prefers the unhealthy hassle andthe vitality of urban life. He is hopelessly provincial. To him New York- despite its faults,which her will impat iently concede (“so what else is new?”) — is the spoiler of all other American cities.erican cities to visit first-rate art m useum s, to hear good m usic and see lively experim ental theater, to m eet intelligent and sophisticated people who know how to live, dine, and talk well; and to enjoy all this in congenial and spacious surroundings. The New Yorkers still wouldn’t want to live there.issing is what m any outsiders find oppressive and distasteful about New York –its rawness, tension, urgency; its bracingcom petitiveness; the rigor of its judgm ents; and the congested, dem ocratic presence of so m any other New Yorkers, encased in their own worlds, the defeated are not hidden away som ewhere else on the wrong side of town. In the subways, in the buses, in the streets, it is impossible to avoid people whose lives are harder than yours. With the desperate, the ill, the fatigued, the overwhelm ed, one learns not to strike upcon versation (which isn’t wanted ) but to m ake brief, sy m pathetic eye contact, to include them in the hum an race. It isn’t m uch, but it is the fleeting hospitality of New Yorkers, each jealous of his privacy in the crowd. Ever helpfulness is often delivered as a taunt: a m an, rushing the traffic light, shouts the m an behind him. “ You want to be wearing a Buick with Jersey plates?” — great scorn in the word Jersey, hom e of drivers who don’t belong here.’s definition, New York is m ongrel city. It is in fact the first truly international m etropolis. No other great city- not London, Paris, Rom e or Tokyo- plays host (or hostage) to so m any nationalities. The m ix is m uch wider- Asians, Africans, Latins - that when that tumultuous variety of European crowded ashore at Ellis Island.The newcom ers are never fully absorbed, but are added precariously to the undigested many.20 New York is too big to be dom inated by any group, by Wasps or Jews or blacks, or by Catholics of m any origins —Irish, Italian, Hispanic. All have their little sovereignties, all are sizable enough to be reckoned with and tough in asserting their claim s, but none is powerful enough to subdue the others. Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously, regarding it as an unworkable m ixture of the idealistic, the impractical, and the hypocritical. But New Yorkers them selves are in training in how to live together in a diversity of races- the necessary initiation into the future.education in sights and sm ells. There is wonderful variety of places to eat or shop, and though the m ost successful of such places are likely to touristy hybridcom prom ises, they too have genuine roots. Other Am erican cities have ethnic turfs jealously defended, but not, I think, such an adm ixture of groups, thrown together in such jarring juxtapositions . In the sam e way, avenues of high-rise luxury in New York are never far from poverty and m ean streets. The sadness and fortitude of New York must be celebrated, along with its treasures of art and m usic. The com bination is unstable; it produces friction, or an uneasy forbearance that som etimes becom es a real toleration.es a m atter of alternating m oods, often inthe sam e day. The place constantly exasperates , at times exhilarates . To m e it is the city of unavoidable experience. Living there, one has the reassurance of steadily confronting life.(from the Atlantic, Sept. 1978)NOTES1. Griffith: Thom as Griffith (1915--), Am erican writer and editor. Since 1974 he has been press colum nist, Time magazine; staff contributor, For-tune magazine; colum nist, Atlantic Monthly. He is an uprooted westerner who now calls New York hom e. Publications: The Waist-High Culture; How True? --A Sceptic 's Guide to Believing the News.2. the Big Apple: any large city; specifically New York City3. bush: rustic, countrified, belonging to sm all towns4. Comm on Denom inator Land: uniformity, comm onness, sam eness, the m onotonous, the hum drum5. sitcom s: situation com edies; a radio or television series that involves a continuing cast of characters in a succession of unconnected episodes6. cloned: grown like a clone, all the descendants being derived asexually from a single individual. Cloned and canned: produced and packed, all ready for immediate consum ption (showing).7. Johnny Carson: a m an who runs a late night talk show8. Nashville: Capital of Tennessee State, center of rock-and-roll9. Vegas: sam e as Las Vegas. See text I, exercise I.10. superdom es: extra big sport stadiums11. convention city: city where conventions (assem blies of m embers or delegates of a political, social, professional, or religious group) are regularly held.12. Madison: Madison Avenue13. Fifth: Fifth Avenue, fam ous for fashionable shops14. Whaddya gonna do?: What are you going to do? Connoting a cool lack of concern; indifference; nonchalance.15. Jersey: Jersey City16. Ivy League schools: referring to prominent north-eastern universities in the U.S., such as, Cornell, Harvard, Yale, Princeton, Colum bia and others. It connotes a certain degree of wealth, sophistication, re finem ent, social prominence, and the like.17. Kazin: Alfred Kazin (1915)), Am erican critic. Publications: On Native Grounds ; The Inm ost Leaf; Contemporaries ; and Bright Book of Life.18. Commercial Broadway: The New York comm ercial theater or entertainment industry19.off-off-Broadway: an avant-garde theatrical m ovem ent in New York that stresses untraditional techniques and radical experim entation. Its relation to off-Broadway being analogous to the relation of off-Broadway to Broadway.20. Soho: a district in New York. By the early 1970s the artist colony had shift- ed from Greenwich Village to Soho.21. best-selling title: title of best-selling books22. star nam e: nam e of star actor or actress23. networks: radio and television networks24. McDonald's : McDonald' s chain restaurant selling hamburger25. Burger King: a chain restaurant whose specialty is hamburger26. lunch in expense-account French restaurants: to lunch in expensive French restaurants with the bill being paid by the com pany or em ployer27. hype: extravagant prom otional advertising28. popular: pop art; a realistic art style, using techniques and popular subjects adapted from commercial art and the mass communications m edia29. Beverly Hills: city in California, surrounded by Los Angeles, fam ous for luxurious hom es of rich Hollywood actors and actresses30. So what else is new?: there is nothing new in what you say; connoting the listener is not im pressed nor interested31. You want to be wearing a Buick with Jersey plates?: Do you want to be knocked down by a car carrying a Jersey license plate? Connoting that the m an should have som e pride in being a New Yorker and not let him self be run over by a car from Jersey.32. touristy hybrid com prom ises: a m ixture of different racial characteristics which attracts tourists33. ethnic turfs: districts or areas inhabited by foreign-born Am ericansAims1)Im proving students’ability to read between lines and understand the text properly;2)Cultivating students’ability to m ake a creative reading;3)Enhancing students’ability to appreciate the text from different perspectives;4)Helping students to understand som e difficult words and expressions;5)Helping students to understanding rhetorical devices;6)Encouraging students to voice their own viewpoint fluently and accurately.Teaching Contents1)Background Knowledge2)Exposition3)Detailed Study of the Essay4)Organization Pattern5)Style and Language Features6)Special Difficulties课文讲解部分1. Background Knowledge1) About the author Thom as Griffith2) About New York City2. Exposition/~arnetha/expowrite/info.html3. Detailed study on Loving and hating New YorkPara.1-5 General introduction — setting forth the present status of New York in the United States and in the eye’s of foreignersTask: Collect evidence to show that “ How the m ighty has fallen.”New York = Big Apple = Mighty—Advertising campaigns publicly praise New York;—Many New Yorkers wear T-shirts with a heart design and the works “ I love New York”—New York is trying desperately to regain her lost prestige and status.Para.2-3: New York: Yesterday & TodayNew York CityYesterday TodayTop, highest, biggest isn’t any m oreLeading city sets styles and trends of nation out of phase with ______ as out of step withUndisputed fashion authority lost its undisputed leadershipLooked up to and im itated no longer so“Nowadays New York is out of phase with Am erican taste “—Nowadays New York connot understand nor follow the taste of the Am erican people and is often in disagreem ent with American politics.“No longer so looked up to or copied, New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends” —Since New York is no longer looked up to or copied as the undisputed fashion authority, it now boasts that it is a city that resists the prevailing trends (styles, fashion) of America, that it is a place where people can escape from uniformity and comm onness.Question:1) From where we can see New York’s deficiencies as a pacesetter are m ore and m ore evident?—Building—Manhattan television studios—Tin Pan Alley—Hiring singers and entertainers—Sports2) The technique used to support author’s view is___________.Para.4: New York: in the eyes of AmericansCom eback: 1 a : a sharp or witty reply : retort b : a cause for com plaint 2 : a return to a form er position or condition (as of success or prosperity) :recovery, revival Para5 New York: in the eyes of foreigner.Question: Why do m any Europeans call New York their favorite city?—Cosm opolitan complexities—European standards—Mixture of m any foreigners—Many jewelers, shoe stores and designers shops—Familiar international nam es—Tense, restless atm osphere; its energetic pulse“… and designer shops that exist to flatter and bilk the frivolous rich.”These shops are set up to cheat and gratify the vanity of the silly rich peoplePara 6 New York: energy, contention and strivingConvention: angry disagreem entStriving: trying very hard to achieve or to defeat the othersPut-down: ( inform al) a remark or criticism intended to m ake the others feel stupid (令人难堪的话，噎人的话)“To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proxim ity to the frustrated majority.”— A person who wins in New York is constantly disturbed by fear and anxiety ( because he is afraid of losing what he has won in the fierce competition); a person who loses has to live am ong the defeated, who are in the m ajority in New York.Para.7: New York in author’s eyes.“New York was never Mecca to m e”Rhetorical devices em ployed in this sentence are: __________ and ___________.The author com pares New York to Mecca; and Mecca is standing for _______________.A place of holy pilgrimage, of a place one yearns to go.Para 8: New York: NatureQuestions:1) The topic sentence is ___________________.2) The rhetorical device employed in “ Nature constantly yields to m an in New York” is __________.3) Are there any other places uses the sam e rhetorical device as m entioned above? What’s the function of it?Para.9 New York: Opportunities & uncertainnessQuestions:1) What do “Ivy League Schools” refer to?2) Why did writer go and live in New York?Para.10: New York : in young people’s eyesQuestion: Why do young people still go to New York?—testing themselves—unwilling to surrender to their m ost comm on and easily sold talents—the fierce competition and challenge—standards of excellence dem anded“But the purity of a bohem ian dedication can be exaggerated.”—But a pure and wholehearted devotion to a Bohem ian life style can be esaggerated. “But the present generation is enough of a subculture to be a source of profitable boutiques and coffeehouses.”As these young writers and artists have distinct cultural patterns of their own, m any businessm en open up profitable boutiques and coffeehouses to cater to their special tastes and interests.“And it is not all that estranged” “It” probably m eans _______________.Para.11: New York: A judging town“A m arket for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.”—In New York, a shrewd understanding or ability to appraise things is appreciated and paid for and skill and learning by themselves are not considered valuable.Para12: New York: An advertising CenterQuestion:1) The rhetorical device used in “The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s …” is _________. And “ The condescending view is the view of __________.2) In sentence “So does an attitude which sees….” The author com pares ______ to ______.Para 13: New York : Lack of cynicismTask: Collect evidence to show New York is lack of cynicism In sentence “ Men and wom en do their jobs professionally and, like pilots who from great heights bombed Hanoi …” the author compares_______ to ______.Para 14: New York: FreedomWhat gives the city its sense of freedom?Para 15: New York: Wounded not dyingAmenity: the attractiveness and value of real estate or of a residential structureTo succum b to: to fail to resist an attack, illness, temptationPara 16-18: New York: N ew Yorkers’ LoveNew Yorker who sees all the faults of the city still prefer to live in New YorkNew York’s faults:—Trash-strewn streets—Unruly school—Uneasy feeling or m enace—The noise—The brusqueness“He is hopeless provincial”—He will always be a New Yorker. His attitude towards and his love for New York will never change“New York … is the spoiler of all other American cities”—New York has spoiled all the other American cities for him.Para 19-10 New York: International MetropolisWhy is New York called an international m etropolis?Para.22: Loving and Hating New York1. exasperate: to excite the anger of; to cause irritation or annoyance to2. exhilarate: to m ake cheerful; to excite“The place constantly exasperates, at times exhilarat es.”—New York constantly irritates and annoys very m uch but at tim es it also invigorates and stimulates.Oral practice: Talking about the following questions:1. What is the main them e of this article? Where is it specifically stated?2. What technique does the writer use to develop his m ain them e? Is the technique effective? Cite exam ples.3. Comm ent on the diction of the writer. Pick out term s and phrases that you think are peculiarly American.4. Does the writer really both love and hate New York? Cite exam ples to back up your analysis.5. How m any paragraphs would you regard as being the introductory paragraphs. Why?6. What is the topic sentence of paragraph 8? How is the paragraph developed?7. Explain fully the following sentence from paragraph 11: “A m arket for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.”8. Pick out som e figures of speech which you think the writer has usid m ost effectively. Cite your reasons.Paraphrase:1. Nowadays New York is out of phase with American taste (Para 2)2. New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends. (Para 2)3. Sitcom s cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, pre-empt the airwaves from California (Para 3)4. It is m aking som ething of a com eback as a tourist attraction (Para 4)5. To win in New York is to be uneasy (Para 6)6. Nature’s pleasures are m uch qualified in New York. (Para 8)7. The city ‘s bright glow arrogantly obscures the heavens (Para 8)8. But the purity of a bohem ian de dication can be exaggerated. (Para 10)9. In both these roles it ratifies m ore than it creates. (Para 11)10. The television generation grew up in the insistent presence of hype (Para 13)11. Those who are writing am bitious novels sustain them selves on the m agazines. (Para 13)12. Broadway, which seem ed to be succum bing to the tawdriness of its environm ent, is astir again (Para 15)13. He prefers the unhealthy hassle and the vitality of urban life (Para 16)14. The defeated are not hidden away som e where else on the wrong side of town. (Para 18)15. The place constantly exasperates, at tim es exhilarates. (Para 22)4. Organization Pattern1) The thesis: Loving and hating New York or m ore specifically: Loving and hating New York becom es a m atter of alternating m oods, often in the sam e day.2) The thesis developed by both objective and em otional description of New York and the life and struggle of New Yorkers3) The structural organization of this essay: clear and sim ple5. Style and Language Features1) Full of Am erican English terms, phrases and constructions.T-shirtholdoutcom ebackput-downexpense-accountadmanhigh-risemeasure up2) Use of various rhetorical devices:metaphorpersonificationmetonym ytransferred epithetalliterationsim ilesynecdocheironyeuphem ism/carroll/faq3.htmlto6. Special Difficulties1) Identifying and understanding Am ericanisms in this essay2) Som e terms/phrases/structuresout-of-phasetelevision generationeconom y of effortwrong sidesitcom s cloned and cannedMeccameasure up againstIvy League schoolscommercial Broadway/off-Broadway/off-off-Broadway Madison Avenue/Wall Streetlike seeks likeWasps词汇(Vocabulary)bush (adj.) : rustic，countrified，belonging to small towns粗俗的；乡土气的；乡下的beget (v.) : bring into being；produce使产生，引起，招致holdout (n.) : [Americanism]a place that holds out [美语]坚固据点deficiency (n.) : the quality or state of being deficient; absence of something essential；a shortage 缺乏，缺少，欠缺；缺陷，不足之处pacesetter (n.) : a person that leads the way or serves as a model标兵sitcom (n.) : [口]situation comedy的缩略clone (v.) : derive all the descendants asexually from a single individual无性繁殖preempt (v.) : radio and TV]replace(a regularly scheduled program)[广播、电视]先占，先取得casino (n.) : a public room or building for entertainments．dancing，or，now specifically，gambling 俱乐部，娱乐场；(现尤指)赌场nightspot (n.) : nightclub夜总会bilk (v.) : cheat or swindle；defraud欺骗，蒙骗dynamism (n.) : the quality of being energetic，vigorous，etc．推动力；活力，精力，劲头put—down (n.) : [American slang]a belittling remark or crushing retort[美俚]贬低的话；反驳；无礼的回答foothold (n.) : a secure position from which it is difficult to be dislodged立足点，据点jostle (v.) : bump or push，as in a crowd；elbow or shove roughly(在人群中)拥挤；用肘推；撞proximity (n.) : the state or quality of being near；nearness in space，time，etc．最近；接近；(地方，时间等)最接近obscure (v.) : darken；make dim使黑暗；使朦胧tint (v.) : give a color or a shading of a color to着上(淡)色gaudy (adj.) : bright and showy, but lacking in good taste；cheaply brilliant and ornate华丽而俗气的，炫丽的。
第一课Face to face with Hurricane Camille1. Each and every plane must be checked out thoroughly before taking off.每架飞机起飞之前必须经过严格的检查。
2. The residents were firmly opposed to the construction of a waste incineration plant in their neighborhood because they were deeply concerned about the plant’s emissions polluting the air.居民坚决反对在附近建立垃圾焚烧厂，因为他们担心工厂排放的气体会污染周围的空气。
3. Investment in ecological projects in this area mounted up to billions of Yuan.在这个地区，生态工程的投资额高达数十亿元。
4. The dry riverbed was strewn with rocks of all sizes.干枯的河道里布满了大大小小的石块。
5. Although war caused great losses to this country, its cultural traditions did not perish.虽然战争给这个国家造成巨大的损失，但当地的文化传统并没有消亡。
6. To make space for modern high rises, many ancient buildings with ethnic cultural features had to be demolished.为了建筑现代化的高楼大厦，许多古老的，具有民族特色的建筑物都被拆毁了。
7. In the earthquake the main structures of most of the poor-quality houses disintegrated.在地震中多数质量差的房子的主体结构都散架了。
第十四课mister speaker, on Friday evening last I received His Majesty’s commission to form a new Administration.1main idea of each paragraph Paragraph1 mainly tells of his approach in forming the War Cabinet and how much of his job he has completed. In para.2, Churchill asks the House for a vote of confidence. Para.3 mainly includes Churchill’s most famous remark:” I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.” In para.4, Churchill declares the policy and the aim of the new Government and appeals for unity and strike with united strength.2 which one is the highlight of this speech?The last paragraph is the highlight of the speech, which lays out the policy and the aim: the policy is to wage war and the aim is victory.3what rhetorical devices does Churchill employ to give strength to his speech? As this is a speech to the House, formal, parliamentary language is used by Churchill. For example,” I now invite the House, by the Resolution which stands in my name, to record its approval of the steps taken and to declare its confidence in the new Government.” In order to give strength to his speech, repetition is employed as the rhetorical device. Besides, short and long sentences are also interwoven to achieve effect.第二课：life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature. There is always the…1topic sentence: life on the farm is an eternal battle against nature.2how does the writer develop the main idea? The writer of this paragraph does not develop the main idea properly.3has the writer succeeded in achieving unity?No, the writer has failed to achieve unity. He/she has forgotten about what he/she had started out to say. Instead of being an "eternal battle against nature", life on the farm becomes a pleasant and exciting experience in his/her description, which deviates from the main theme.第六课：it was amusing to look round the filthy little scullery and think that only a double door was…1 central idea of the paragraph:George Orwell has mainly described “the filthy little scullery”in this paragraph.2how does the paragraph begin? The paragraph begins with a comparison between the little scullery and the splendid dining-room just a few feet away.3what method is used in developing the central idea? He develops the main idea of his paragraph by a lot of descriptive details (“we slithered about in a compound of soapy water, lettuce-leave, torn paper and trampled food”; “a dozen waiters with their coats off, showing their sweaty armpits, sat at the table mixing salads and sticking their thumbs into the cream pots” “The room had a dirty, mixed smell of food and sweat”; etc.) The writer also uses concrete words to make the description vivid.第九课：we heard the plane come over at noon, roaring through the radio news…1where did the story take place? The story took place in the countryside.2what happened at the beginning? The story began by describing how a small plane painted red and silver landed across the road where the fairgrounds used to be. The spot was near the house of the Peebles and so they heard the loud sound of landing.3who is the story narrated by? The narrator was a young girl who worked as a maid for the Peebles.4 what can you infer about the narrator?She came from a farmer’s family and dropped out of high school because of poor performance. Mr. Peebles, who was animal doctor, met her at her home when he was helping her father’s cow deliver twins, and thought she was a clever girl and could be a help to his wife who kept house and looked after two children. The narrator was fifteen then and it was her first time away from home.第十课：my last night in New Jersey, a white friend from New York took me to the nearest big town…1what did James and his white friend do one night in New Jersey?One night James and his white friend went to the movies and had a few drinks in Trenton, New Jersey.2what happened to him? When the movie ended, they walked into a diner named “ American Diner” andasked for a hamburger and a cup of coffee. However, the counterman answered “we don’t serve Negroes here.” Bald made some sardonic comment about the name of the diner and then they walked out into the streets. When they reentered the streets, something happened to Baldwin which had the force of an optical illusion, or a nightmare. The streets were very crowded and Baldwin got the illusion that all the white people were moving toward him, against him, and their faces gleamed. He wanted to defend himself by crushing these white faces which were crushing him. Then he walked for perhaps a block or two and walked into an enormous, glittering, and fashionable restaurant and sat at a table for two, and waited. Once again, he was refused by a waitress who was frightened at seeing a black man. She also said “We don't serve Negroes here." with a note of apology and fear in her voice. Baldwin got so angry that he picked up a water-mug half full of water and threw it at her with all his strength. But it missed her and shattered against the mirror. All the people in the restaurant were shocked and a round man grabbed him as reached the doors and began to beat him about the face. In the end, he managed to get rid of his pursuers and the police with the help of his friend.3what conclusion did he arrive at about himself? From this incident, Baldwin arrived at the conclusion about himself that he could have been murdered and he had been ready to commit murder. He saw that his life, his real life, was in danger, not from anything other people might do but from the hatred he carried in his own heart.第十一课：people live in two worlds. Like all living things, we inhabit the natural world, created over the…1main idea of each paragraph: 1= people live in two worlds: the natural world and the world of our own creation. We accept responsibility for events in our own world, but not for what occurs in the natural one.2=the division between these two worlds has now been breached. Humans are responsible for natural catastrophes.3=human activity has altered the global conditions profoundly and caused numerous environmental problems.4=the human attack on the ecosphere has instigated an ecological counterattack and the two worlds are at war.2where is the thesis of the passage stated? The thesis of the passage is stated in the last paragraph.3what striking metaphor does the writer use to…? The writer uses war metaphor to sum up his main argument.第十二课：like others, I learned of Jobs’ passing on an Apple device. S and I were just on our way out the…1 how does the author begin the article? The author begins the article by relating how she learned of Job s’ passing from her iPhone, which is an Apple device.2why does she begin this way? In this way, the author links herself and the readers through the same device that they use in daily life.3the function of Para 2: Para 2 is a transitional one, functioning as a link between the first and the last two paragraphs.4the main ideas of last two paragraphs: the last two paragraphs are about the general influence of Jobs and Apple device.5why does the author say “Jobs had a Promethean quality to him”? Because, like Prometheus, who brought fire to human beings, Jobs also gave us fire, which is knowledge. It is a metaphorical comparison of Apple technology to fire. Jobs changed our notion of technology.第十三课; the only surprise about the economic crisis of 2008 was that it came as a surprise to somany.1 what is the passage about? The passage is mainly about how the American economic crisis of 2008 developed from the bust of the housing bubble and then led to a financial and economic crisis globally.2Main idea of each Para: the first Para is about the cause of the economic crisis: a deregulated market awash in liquidity and low interest rates, a global real estate bubble, and skyrocketing subprime lending. The second Para points out that the current “Made in the USA” crisis spread quickly around the world. The third Para is about the housing bubble and bust in the United States. The fourth Para talks about the real reason behind the housing crisis: being the richest country in the world, America was living beyond its means, and the American pattern of life of borrowing and consuming was unsustainable. In fact, many Americans were deep in debt. The fifth Para points out that the breaking of the bubble at first affected the worst mortgages, but soon affected all residential real estate. The sixth Para is about the role of the banks in the housing mortgage crisis. When the bubble burst, the global credit markets began to melt down. So there was a financial crisis. The last Para explains that America and the world were faced with both a financial and an economic crisis. And the unfolding residential real estate crisis and commercial real estate finally led to the collapse of American manufacturing.3 how the Para logically organized? The Para are logically organized according to the cause and effect of the economic crisis.第十四课in a performance-oriented society such as ours, we strive to do well-but what we do is…1what is the passage about? The passage is mainly about the defects of GDP as a measure for societal well-being. It also touches upon ways to improve it and an alternative measure for societal well-being-GNH. 2what are the problems with GDP…? According to the writer, the problems with GDP are: GDP doesn’t reflect the debts we owe to the nature or the degradation of the environment and the depletion of natural resources in the process of growth; GDP per capita doesn’t reflect the efficiency of social operation; average per capita GDP doesn’t reflect how much growth each member of society can share.3what is GNH? GNH is gross nation happiness, attempted by Bhutan to measure the degree of happiness and sense of well-being among its citizens.第十五课：the Eiffel Town was built in 1889 to commemorate the centennial of the French Revolution.1what is the piece about? This piece is about people’s reaction to the construction of Eiffel Tower in 1889 and what it represents. The Eiffel Tower is a work of pure engineer, a magnificent representation that represents only itself. it is a bridge rotated from horizontal to vertical, going against historical symbolism and the unique historical and cultural traditional of Paris which it dominates.2why did the leaders of French establishment feel outraged about the construction of the…?The leaders of French establishment were outrage when they heard the cry of the Eiffel Tower because they thought it violated artistic taste.3why does the writer call the Eiffel Tower “the first great icon…? Because it is a work of abstract art and can be read as a symbol of many things, but it is none of these things. It forces the viewer to look beyond historical myths to the revolution that surrounds him. It does not argue with history; it ignores history\y.。
lesson fourteenSaturday Night and Sunday Morning星期六的晚上和星期日上午by Alan Sillitoe Text14-1 He sat by the canal fishing on a Sunday morning in spring, at an elbow(赤楊樹) where alders dipped over the water like old men on their last legs, pushed by young sturdy oaks from behind.在春天一个星期日的上午，他坐在运河边钓鱼，在他附近，赤杨树被后面生长着年轻茁壮的橡树向前推挤垂人水中，像垂死的老人一样。
He straightened his back, his fingers freeing nylon line from a speedily revolving reel.他直起腰身，用手指快速地从绕线轮上放出尼龙线。
Around him lay knapsack and jacket, an empty catch-net, his bicycle, and two tins of worms dug from the plot of garden at home before setting out.他周围放着背包、夹克、一个空捕鱼网、他的自行车和出发前在家里花园里挖出的两听虫子。
Sun was breaking through clouds, releasing a smell of earth to heaven.太阳钻出了云层，向空气中散发出泥土的气息。
Birds sang. A soundless and minuscular explosion of water caught his eye.鸟儿在欢唱。
他看到水面忽然间冒出一个无声的小小的水花，He moved nearer the edge, stood up, and with a vigorous sweep of his arm, cast out the line.他走到水边，站起身，用力挥动手臂，将钓鱼线抛了出去。
