标准高考英语阅读理解解题技巧
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近年来英语高考的趋势是“得阅读者得天下”，可见阅读在高考中的重要地位。
分析全国一、二卷和各自主命题省份的高考试卷可以看出，阅读题的分值一般为30-45分，每小题的分值都是一样的，均为2分，只是题目的数量有所差异。
对阅读的考查越来越多地注重于语言运用能力之上的逻辑思维能力和批判思维能力的考查。
所以同学们要加强阅读训练，提高自己的理解能力。
高考考试大纲对英语阅读作了以下说明：1. 理解语篇主旨大意；2. 理解文中具体信息；3. 根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义；4. 作出简单的判断和推理；5. 理解文章的基本结构；6. 理解作者的观点、意图和态度。
四、知能提升（一）知识讲解I. 主旨大意+作者的观点、意图和态度题设题方式：①考查文章的中心思想The main idea/key point of this passage is that_________ .The passage is mainly about _________.From the passage we can learn/conclude that_________ .Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?②考查文章的标题The best title/headline for this passage is_________ .Which of the following is the best title?What would be the best title for the text?The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.③考查作者的写作态度和意图What is the author‟s main purpose in this passage?The writer‟s purpose in writing this story is_________.In the passage the author wants to tell_________.The writer‟s attitude toward ... is_________.干扰项特点：1. 以偏概全。
干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
2. 断章取义。
干扰项常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
3. 主题扩大。
干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所表述的内容。
4. 张冠李戴。
命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。
5. 无中生有或似是而非。
有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。
解题指导：1. 分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句。
主题句是归纳表达文章中心思想的句子,它的出现有四种情况:1）主题句在开头｡主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义､点明主题的作用,它可以使读者一开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨｡支撑句则使用一些具体的人、物、数字或具体的步骤来阐述或论证主题，常伴有for example/ i.e./ that is /first /second / finally/ once /another time/ for one thing 等词。
2）主题句在结尾｡用归纳法写的文章,其结构是表述细节的句子放在前面,概述性的句子放在后面,并以此而结尾,所以结尾的句子起着总结归纳､画龙点睛的作用，多伴有so /therefore/thus/in short/ as a result/that is why 等词。
3）快速浏览每段首尾两句来确定每段的主题句，从而确定文章的主题句。
4）有些文章和段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题｡这就要求在阅读过程中,根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意｡【考题链接】My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity. （节选自文章最后一段）What is the message mainly expressed in the story?A. We should learn to be generous.B. It is honorable to help those in need.C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.答案：D解题思路：主旨大意题。
根据文章最后一句Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity. 可知，作者想要表达的是不要以貌取人。
由此判断选D项。
2. 理清层次关系,，选出最佳标题标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名词词组，短小明了,涵盖性强｡做这类题目时,要在阅读全文的基础上,把握好层次关系。
注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是局部信息，是某一小节或文章里的某一句。
所以我们在解题时要反复推敲，把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。
【考题链接】When you‟re lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera, the stresses(压力) of the world seem a million miles away. Hey, stop! This is no vacation-you have to finish something!Here lies the problem fat travel writer and food critic (评论家) Edie Jarolim. "I always loved traveling and always liked to eat, but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things.”What would be the best title for the text?A. Adventures in Travel WritingB. Working as a Food CriticC. Travel Guides on the MarketD. Vacationing for a Living答案：D解题思路：答案在文章第一段结尾句“Hey, stop! This is no vacation-you have to finish something!”和第二段第二句“but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things.”说明了没有想到“度假也可以谋生”的欣喜之情。
[即学即练]Too much TV-watching can harm children‟s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.What would be the best title for this text?A. Computers or TelevisionB. Effects of Television on ChildrenC. Studies on TV and College EducationD. Television and Children's Learning Habits3. 抓住关键词，判断作者意图作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地会在文章中反映出来｡常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类词（approving, positive, optimistic,等），贬义类词(critical, pessimistic, doubtful, questioning等)和中性类词(indifferent, serious, objective, concerned, neutral等)。
这就要求考生在阅读时应特别注意文章的措辞,尤其注意那些表达感情色彩的形容词如improving, encouraging, disappointing, fail, ignore等，以及作者对人物语言、行为和思想的描写,从中领悟作者的写作意图和态度｡【考题链接】The world of make-believe is not necessarily bad. But when the world of fantasy becomes the only outlet(出路) for our sense of wonder, then we are really missing something. We are missing a connection with the living world. Other wonderful worlds exist all around us. But even more interesting is that if we look closely enough, we can see that these worlds, in a broad sense, are really part of our own.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To show us the hidden beauty in our world.B. To warn us not to get lost in the fantasy world.C. To argue against the misuse of the sense of wonder.D. To discuss the influence of the world of make-believe.答案：B解题思路：文章最后一段可知，作者写这篇文章的目的就是要告诉我们不要沉迷在幻想之中。
