英语语言学——重音StressPPT课件

• He ‘isn’t a tech ‘nician.
• 3. be用在一般疑问句句首时，重读与否均可： • ‘Is he a ‘worker? • Is he a ‘worker?
• 比较句中的重音 • 在比较句中，重音落在as或than后的代（名）词上： • This is better than ‘that. • John is taller than ‘Bill. • She’s as happy as a ‘lark. • He’s as sly as a ‘fox.
• You were trying, ‘weren’t you? Yes, I ‘was.
• 2. 助动词、情态动词和be动词与not连成一词时要重读：
• She ‘doesn’t ‘like the ‘weather here.
• I ‘can’t ‘speak ‘French。
• They ‘aren’t ‘waiting for us.
Note
如果前词尾辅音与后词尾辅音相同，前辅
音省略。
I was× so happy. I have got× to go. →I have gotta go.(to轻音化为ta) Do~you want× to dance? →do you wanna dance?
(to轻音化为na)
Note
以辅音结尾的单词 + h开头的单词，h不发

in an hour pick it up an hour and a half let him in
A group of people put on their coats and went out.
2.“辅音+半元音”
i. 英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是 以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是/j/开头， 此时也要连读。

• In order to decide on stress placement, it is necessary to make use of some or all of the information above. • Examples 1) Single-syllable word If they are pronounced in isolation they are said with primary stress.
Quality(音质)
• A syllable will tend to be prominent if it contains a vowel that is different in quality from neighboring vowels.
Levels of stress
• two-level analysis of stress- “stressed” and “unstressed” syllables. • three-level analysis of stress- primary stress, secondary stress and unstressed. ( within the word) primary stress- the prominence that results from this pitch movement, or tone, gives the strongest type of stress around ə'raʊnd
ɪŋ`kaʊntə
‘determine’
*If the final syllable contains a long vowel or diphthong, or ends with more than one consonant, that final syllable will be stressed.

Nasal resonance(共鸣) can be produced due to the lowering the soft palate (velum), resulting the production of nasals. The pharyngeal cavity/ pharynx (咽腔): between the top of the larynx (喉) and the soft palate)
For example, the phoneme /p/ is represented differently in [phit] and [sp=it]. The notion of the phoneme allowed linguists to group together sets of phonetically similar phones as variants or members of the same underlying unit.
11ppt课件termsinphonologicalanalysis?phones?phonemes?allophones?phonemiccontrast?minimalpairsandminimalsets?complementarydistribution?distinctivefeaturesbinaryfeatures12ppt课件phonephonemeandallophone音素音位音位变体p371phone音素phoneisatermusedtorefertothesmallestperceptiblediscrete不连续的segmentofsoundinastreamofspeech
/z v s d g /
/s/ voiceless

‵foreigner ge‵ ometry phi‵ losophy
te/le/com/mu/ni‵ /ca/tion
4.特殊词尾 -ain enter‵ tain
-ee refu‵ gee
-ial in‵ dustrial -ian mu‵ sician
3
6. 三音节和多音节词，除了主重音外，往往还有一个次 重音。次重音的位置通常在第一个或第二个音节上， 与主重音间隔一个轻读音节。 , prepo‵ sition pro, nunci‵ ation
Double stress Stressed syllables
Even stress Unstressed syllables
音节上词的划分 Monosyllables
Disyllables
Tri-syllables
polysyllables Primary stress
Secondary stress
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1. words that have the same spelling: noun → verb ′import — im′ port v.
2. a compound noun & a phrase consisting of the same elements: ′greenhouse vs. green ′house
On the other side, such words are not stressed in a sentence as articles, person pronouns, conjunctions auxiliary verbs and prepositions.
He is driving my car.