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英语语言学五课件

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英语语言学及应用课件PPT胡壮麟史上最全面

英语语言学及应用课件PPT胡壮麟史上最全面

举例: too 和 tea 中的 /t/ 发too中的/t/时, 舌位更靠近口腔前部 发tea中的/t/时，舌位更靠近口腔后部 所以too 和 tea 中的 /t/两个不同的音子
Hale Waihona Puke Phoneme(音位): phonological and abstract unit, a unit of distinctive value; the smallest unit of sound in a language which can distinguish two words.
1. Bilabial双唇 ; 2. Labiodental唇齿的; 3. Dental or
interdental齿音和齿 间; 4. Alveolar齿龈音 ; 5. Palatoalveolar腭齿音; 6. Palatal 腭音; 7. Velar软腭音; 8. Uvular小舌音; 9. Glottal声门.
2019/12/24
What is linguistics
Linguistics, the scientific study of language, concerns itself with all aspects of how people use language and what they must know in order to do so.
The diagram of single vowel classification by applying the two criteria so far mentioned:
I Language as a Formal System
The study of how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. is called phonology音系学.
英语语言学语言学知识点课件

英语语言学语言学知识点课件


英语语言学语言学知识点
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• Phonetics studies all speech sounds in human languages: how they are produced, transmitted and how they are received.
• Phonology: aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.
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• 4. Important Distinctions in Linguistics • (语言学研究中几对重要的概念) • 1) descriptive & prescriptive • 2) synchronic & diachronic
• 3) langue & parole
• 4) competence & performance
英语语言学语言学知识点
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• 音系学定义：study of how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.
• 浊音: [b,z,d]
英语语言学语言学知识点
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• The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in the obstruction of airstream.
语言学课件

语言学课件


7. Text and discourse


The development of modern linguistic science has helped push the study of syntax beyond the traditional sentence boundary. Linguists are now exploring the syntactic relation between sentences in a paragraph or chapter or the whole text, which leads to the emergence of text linguistics and discourse analysis.



John’s sister John’s sister’s husband John’s sister’s husband’s uncle John’s sister’s husband’s uncle’s daughter, etc.
that house in Beijing the garden of that house in Beijing the tree in the garden of that house in Beijing a bird on the tree in the garden of that house in Beijing
7.1 Sentential Connection

Hypotactic (主从) (subordinate clauses):
You can phone the doctor if you like. However, I very much doubt whether he is in. We live near the sea. So we enjoy a healthy climate.
英语语言学课件Chapter 5 The Sounds of Languag

英语语言学课件Chapter 5 The Sounds of Languag

• [k], [g], [ŋ]
精选课件ppt
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Glottals 声门音
• Glottis is the space between the vocal cords in the larynx.
• When the glottis is open, but there is no manipulation of the air passing out through he mouth, the sound produced is represented by [h]: have, house, who, whose.
sounds
• How to represent consonant and vowel sounds of English words
• Human vocal tract involved in what way?
精选课件ppt
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Phonetics
• The general study of characteristics of speech sounds
精选课件ppt
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Place of Articulation
• Most consonant sounds are produced by using the tongue and other parts of the mouth to constrict, in some way the shape of the oral cavity through which the air is passing.
• Forensic phonetics: legal cases involving speaker identification and analysis of recorded utterances
语言学第五章PPT课件

语言学第五章PPT课件

Kinds of meaning Major sense relations
Sentence meaning Semantic analysis
Componential analysis Predication analysis
.
What is semantics?
英文semantics来自希腊语semantikos，意 思是siginificant(有意义)。是研究语言意义 的科学。
词的意义和句子意义. 20世纪60年代以前， 语言学家只注重研究词的意义，忽略了句子 意义。
研究语言单位的意义，尤其是词语和句子的 意义 。
.
Semantics--the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular.
the meaning which arises in cases of multiple conceptual meaning, when one sense of a word is so strong that it forms part of our response to another
Within the domain of linguistics, semantics is mainly concerned with the analysis of meaning of words, phrases, or sentences and sometimes with the meaning of utterances in discourse or the meaning of a whole text.
sense.
Example: words having a taboo meaning, such as ‘gay’,
戴炜栋主编英语语言学教程第5章课件 _Syntax

戴炜栋主编英语语言学教程第5章课件 _Syntax


4.2 Categories范畴
4.2.1 Word-level categories Category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same or similar functions in a particular language e.g. a sentence a noun phrase a verb
4.2.2 Phrase categories and their structure短语范畴及结构

Definition: Phrases refer to the syntactic units which are built around a certain word category. 围绕某一词范畴构成的句法单位
The most central categories to the syntactic study are the word-level categories (traditionally, called parts of speech) .
Here, word-level categories are divided into two kinds: major lexical categories and minor lexical categories.
Noam Chomsky [ˈnoʊm ˈtʃɒmski] (1928--)
---- He is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, logician,political commentator and activist, the most influential linguist of the 20th century,and was voted the "world's top public intellectual"(世界顶级公共知识分子) in a 2005 poll. Chomsky has spent most of his career at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he is currently Professor Emeritus.
《语言学教程》 chapter 5 Meaning

《语言学教程》 chapter 5 Meaning


5.1 What is the meaning of meaning?
Health means everything.
His look was full of meaning.
What is the meaning of meaning?
What is the meaning of meaning?
批注本地保存成功开通会员云端永久保存去开通
Good morning, everyone!
Review questions
1. What are the three syntactic relations? 2. What is the difference between endocentric and exocentric constructions? Give one or two examples. 3. What is predicate?
flower, garden, colour, village, etc. – handsome: boy, man, car, vessel, overcoat, airliner, typewriter, etc.
(7) Thematic meaning
What is communicated by the way in which a speaker or writer organizes the message, in terms of ordering, focus, and emphasis.
The communicative value an expression has by virtue of what it refers to, over and above its purely conceptual content. (sense or concept of a word)
chapter 5 Semantics英语专业语言学PPT

chapter 5 Semantics英语专业语言学PPT

• Problem: What is the link?
Triangle of Reference by Ogden & Richards
Contextualism
3. Contextualism: Meaning should be studied in terms of situation, use, context.
• morning star 启明星 , evening star冥王星
Major sense relations— homonymy 121
• Homonymy 同音/形异义,including: ➢Homophones同音词: rain/reign,
night/night, ➢Homographs同形词:bow v./ n., tear v./
• Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations.
• Linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.
5.Reflective/reflected meaning反映义
(association with another sense of the same expression) e.g. intercourse, nucleur
6. Collocative meaning 搭配义 p.116:
• The associations of a word gets because of the meanings of words which tend to occur in its linguistic context.
Unit5-Languageppt课件

Unit5-Languageppt课件


10. suede: [sweɪd] leather with a soft brushed surface
11. rouge: [ruːʒ] blusher, make up, lipstick
12. deluxe: [də'lʌks] luxurious
13. delicatessen: [,delɪkə'tes(ə)n] a store that sells good quality cooked meat, cheese, and food from other countries.
reflect the social and cultural changes.
8
Question 2. What is the relationship between language and thinking?
Answer 2. Language reflects the way people think. Different thought patterns have different language code, just like Chinese and English.
6
Background
Classification of world languages 1. Indo-European Family 印欧语系 2. Sino-Tibetan Family 汉藏语系 3. Non-Pacific languages Family 非太语系 4. Artificial International Languages 人造国
6. Hysterical: n. hysteria; behaving in an uncontrolled way because one is extremely excited, afraid, or upset
英语专业语言学课件

英语专业语言学课件

Gradable antonyms---there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair, e.g. old-young, hot-cold, tall-short, …
Complementary antonyms
Note
Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations; on the other hand, there are also occasions, when linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense, e.g. the morning star and the evening star, rising sun in the morning and the sunset at dusk.
Meaning should be studied in terms of situation, use, contex—elements closely linked with language behavior. Two types of contexts are recognized: Situational context: spatiotemporal situation Linguistic context: the probability of a word’s cooccurrence or collocation.
Chapter 5 Semantics
What is semantics
英语语言学讲课PPT课件

英语语言学讲课PPT课件

第25页/共38页
• Questions: • 1. Do ran and rang form a minimal pair? How about lead and leave, why and high, bought
following types:
第10页/共38页
• Stops/plosives 塞音/破裂音 • Fricatives 擦音 • Affricates 塞擦音 • Liquids 流音: [l]﹙lateral边音﹚ [r]﹙retroflex卷舌音﹚ • Nasals 鼻音 • Glides/semi-vowels 滑音/半元音
第8页/共38页
4. Classifications of English
• Question:
s o u n d s • Analyze the impor tant features of vowels and consonants.
speech
第9页/共38页
• (1) Classification of consonants • In terms of manner of articulation, English consonants can be classified into the
diacritics变音符. Diacritics are a set of symbols added to the letter-symbols to bring out the finer distinctions than the letters alone may possibly do.
第7页/共38页
• Broad transcription 宽式标音: the transcription with letter-symbols only. • Narrow transcription 严 式 标 音 : the transcription with letter-symbols together with the

《英语语言学五》课件

Translation field
English linguistics provides a linguistic foundation for translation theory and practice, which helps improve the accuracy and fluency of translation.
Phonetic symbols
03
The abstract presentation of speech sounds in the mind
Phonological presentation
the set of rules that govern the promotion of English words
02
English PhonicsBiblioteka Chapter01
The study of the sounds of language and the production, structure, and perception of speech
Phonetics
02
a set of symbols used to report speech sounds in writing
03
English Lexicology
Chapter
The source of English vocabulary
English vocabulary is mainly derived from English Saxon, Norman French, Latin and other languages
Education field
English linguistics has a wide range of applications in English education, Chinese language education as a foreign language, and other fields, providing theoretical support for improving the quality of language teaching.

新编简明英语语言学教程ch5PPT课件

The contextualist view of meaning is based on the presumption that one can derive meaning from or reduce meaning to observable contexts. Two kinds of context arc recognized: the situational context and the linguistic context.
The inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; It’s abstract and de-contextualized. It’s the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are interested in. It is concerned with the intralinguistic relations.
Jill
Jack
S_________r--------s_________R
When Jill sees an apple and wants to have it, she has a physical Stimulus, ….
5.3 Lexical meaning
5.3.1 Sense and reference Sense
i. Dialectal synonyms — synonyms used in different regional dialects
British English autumn lift luggage lorry petrol flat windscreen torch

Chapter Five Language Descriptions 英语语言学PPT课件


Applied Linguistics Chapter 2 by TIAN Bing
4
• The descriptive view has led linguists to new insights about language and new ways of talking about and defining units of language. However, in many cases applied linguistics has required a prescriptive grammar recognizing that language teaching is frequently a case of teaching what should be done (Odlin, 1994). In other words, pedagogical grammar has been equated with prescriptive grammar.
II. Lg Description
Language Descriptions Language Corpora. Stylistics. Discourse Analysis. vs CA
III. Cognitive & Social
Language Acquisition: L1 vs L2 Language, Thought, and Culture. Language and Gender. Language and Politics. World Englishes.
Learnin g.
VI. Teaching
Fashions in Language Teaching M ethodology.

英语语言学大全ppt课件


Language & Mind
Language & Culture
Language & Computer
Sociolinguistics 社会语言学
Psycholinguistics 心理语言学
anthropological linguistics
人类语言学
Computational Linguistics
I 语言学导论 II 语言学主要分支学科 III 语言学的流派和理论
I 语言学导论
1. design feature of language （语言的定义特征）
2. Language Families (世界语言分类) 3. important distinctions in linguistics (语言学研究中几对重要的概念) 4. scope of linguistics (语言学的研究范围)
Important Distinctions in Linguistics
4) Competence（语言能力） and performance （语言运用） theorist: Chomsky(乔姆斯基) competence: user's knowledge of rules about the linguistic system. performance: the actual realization of this knowledge in concrete situations.
法语，西班牙语等
东支 罗马尼亚语
West Slavic group 斯拉夫语西支
波兰语，捷克语
东支 俄语
Important Distinctions in
Linguistics

英语语言学五ppt课件


（社会意义） （感情意义） （反射意义）
Associative Meaning （联想意义）
• Collocative meaning （搭配意义）
• Thematic meaning （主位意义）
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
可编辑课件
1) Conceptual meaning——central part of meaning
利奇也用“涵义”作为他所说的概念意义的简称。 然而，涵义和指称还有其他的不同。
可编辑课件
可编辑课件
感谢亲观看此幻灯片，此课件部分内容来源于网络， 如有侵权请及时联系我们删除，谢谢配合！
可编辑课件
One problem of this theory is that when we explain the meaning of desk
by pointing to the thing it refers to, we do not mean a desk must be of the particular size, shape, color and material as the desk we are pointing to at the moment of speaking. We are using this particular desk as an example, of something more general. That is, there is something behind the concrete thing we can see with our eyes. And something is abstract, which has no existence in the material world and can only be sensed in

英语语言学PPT

Chapter 3: Morphology
The study of words
精选可编辑ppt
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3.1 Introductions:
• U.S. fast food giant McDonald's Corp said on Tuesday it would give its Chinese employees their first across-the-board pay rise.
dictionary dictation prediction dictograph
dictum
audible audience audiometer auditor auditorium
visual visible visit vision
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Diagram B to classify morphemes
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3.4 Morphs and allomorphs
Morphs are the smallest meaningful phonetic segments of an utterance on the level of parole.
morpheme (langue) morph (parole)
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3.3 What is morpheme??
• Morpheme is the minimal linguistic sign, a grammatical unit in which there is an arbitrary union of a sound and a meaning and that cannot be further analyzed.
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eaning （感情意义） • Reflected meaning （反射意义） • Collocative meaning （搭配意义）
Associative Meaning （联想意义）
• Thematic meaning （主位意义）
英语语言学五
1) Conceptual meaning——central part of meaning
英语语言学五
One problem of this theory is that when we explain the meaning of desk by pointing
to the thing it refers to, we do not mean a desk must be of the particular size, shape, color and material as the desk we are pointing to at the moment of speaking. We are using this particular desk as an example, of something more general. That is, there is something behind the concrete thing we can see with our eyes. And something is abstract, which has no existence in the material world and can only be sensed in our
英语语言学五
5.1 Meanings of “meaning”
One difficulty in the study of MEANING is that the word “meaning” itself has different meanings.
e.g. What is the meaning of life?
Chapter 5 Meaning
英语语言学五
The subject concerning the study of meaning is
called SEMANTICS.
More specifically, semantics is the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular.
英语语言学五
(3)From connotative meaning to collocative meaning are collectively known as associative meaning in the sense that an elementary associationist theory of mental connections is enough to explain their use.
内涵意义到搭配意义合起来称作 联想意义，因为解释这些意义需要依 靠一种关于思维关系的基本的联想理 论。
英语语言学五
(4)Thematic meaning is more peripheral since it is only determined by the order of the words in a sentence and the different prominence they each receive.
英语语言学五
(2) Connotative meaning
• Philosophers use CONNOTATION, opposite to DENOTATION, to mean the properties of the entity a word denotes.
• 哲学家的“内涵”跟“外延” 相对，表示词语所指称实体的 性质。
very popular theory. It is generally possible to explain the meaning of a word by pointing to the thing it refers to.
把词语意义跟它所指称或所代表的事物联系起来的理论，叫作 指称论。这是一种很流行的理论。通过指明词语所代表事物 来解释词义一般来说是可能的。
主位意义是更外围的，因为它是由词序和词语重 音所决定的。
英语语言学五
5.2 The referential theory
The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the REFERENTIAL THEORY, which is a
英语语言学五
Geoffrey Leech (1974, 1981). Semantics: The Study of Meaning. Seven types of meaning:
• Conceptual meaning （概念意义）
• Connotative meaning （内涵意义）
• Social meaning
研究意义的学科叫做语义学。更具体地说，语义学是研究语言 单位的意义，尤其是词和句子的意义的学科。
英语语言学五
Meaning has been studied for thousands of years by philosophers, logicians and linguists. E.g. Plato & Lao Zi.
It is “denotative” in that it is concerned with the relationship between a word and the thing it denotes, or refers to . In this sense, conceptual meaning overlaps to a large extent with the notion of REFERENCE 这种意义是“外延”的，因为它关注词语跟它所指示物之间的联系。 从这点看，概念意义在很大程度上与指称相重合