Language change

change用法Change是一个很普遍的英文单词，它的用法十分广泛，几乎可以用以描述所有的变化。

而且，它也可以有不同的寓意。

以下将介绍change的用法。

一、change作名词Change作为名词，可以指变化，不论是物质上的变化，还是心理上的变化，都可以用change来表达。

例如：The change of the seasons comes with new opportunities.季节的变化带来新的机会。

She making big changes in her life.她正在她的生活中做出重大变化。

二、change作动词Change作为动词，一般可以表达改变的意思。

例如：I need to change my phone number.我需要换掉我的手机号码。

He changed his mind after thinking it over.他考虑了之后，改变了想法。

三、change作介词Change也可以作为介词，用来表达变成的意思，代替into或者to表达变换。

例如：The caterpillar changed a beautiful butterfly.毛毛虫变成了一只漂亮的蝴蝶。

He changed a lion from a coward.他将一个懦夫变成了一只狮子。

四、change作副词Change也可以作为副词，表达有变化的意思，例如：The situation is changing all the time.形势一直在变化。

His attitude toward life has changed dramatically since he moved to the city.他搬到城里之后，对生活的态度发生了翻天覆地的变化。

以上就是change的用法，change几乎可以用于描述任何变化，它可以是名词、动词、介词、副词，它的寓意也很广泛，运用起来非常灵活。

《新编简明英语语⾔学教程》1_6章期末复习题Chapter one Introduction1.1什么是语⾔学1.1.1定义语⾔学LinguisticsLinguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.1.1.2The scope of linguistics语⾔学分⽀必考P2普通语⾔学General LinguisticsThe study of language as a whole is often called General linguistics.The study of sounds, which are used in linguistic communication, is called phonetics.（语⾳学）The study of how sounds are put together and used in communication is called phonology. （⾳位学）The study of the way in which morphemes are arranged to form words are called morphology. （形态学）The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax（句法学）The study of meaning in language is called semantics. （语义学）The study of meaning in context of use is called pragmatics. （语⽤学）1.1.3 Some important distinctions in linguistics 成对的概念辨析差异必考P3 （1）Prescriptive and descriptive 规定与描写If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive, if it aims to lay down rules to tell people what they should say and what they should not say, it is said to be prescriptive.Modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar. Traditional grammar is prescriptive while modern linguistics is descriptive. The task of linguists is supposed to describe the language people actually use, whether it is “correct” or not.规定性PrescriptiveIt aims to lay down rules for ”correct” behavior, to tell people what they should say and what should not say.描述性DescriptiveA linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use.（2）Synchronic and diachronic 共时和历时The description of a language at some point in time is a synchronic study; the description of a language as it changes through time is a diachronic study. In modern linguistics, synchronic study is more important.历时语⾔学Diachronic linguisticsThe study of language change through time. a diachronic study of language is a historical study, which studies the historical development of language over a period of time.共时语⾔学Synchronical linguisticsThe study of a given language at a given time.（3）Speech and writing ⼝头语与书⾯语Speech and writing are the two major media of communication. Modern linguistics regards the spoken form of language as primary, but not the written form. Reasons are: 1. Speech precedes writing; 2. There are still many languages that have only the spoken form; 3. In terms of function, the spoken language is used for a wider range of purposes than the written, and carries a larger load of communication than the written.（4）Langue and parole 语⾔和⾔语必考名解P4The Swiss linguist F. de Saussure made the distinction between langue and parole early 20th century.Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. Saussure made the distinction in order to single out one aspect of language for serious study. He believes what linguists should do is to abstract langue from parole, to discover the regularities governing the actual use of language and make them the subjects of study of linguistics.语⾔langue（抽象）The abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.⾔语parole（具体）The realization of langue in actual use.（5）Competence and performance 语⾔能⼒和语⾔运⽤Proposed by American linguist N. Chomsky in the late 1950’s.He defines competence as the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication. He believes the task of the linguists is to discover and specify the language rules.语⾔能⼒Competence（抽象）Competence is the ideal user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.语⾔运⽤performance（具体）Performance is the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.语⾔运⽤是所掌握的规则在语⾔交际中的具体体现。

XXXXXXXXXEnglish and American Literature11 November, 2011The Change of the English LanguageAs the year goes by, English has changed a lot from ancient times to modern times. I supposed that English language has changed into an easier and more international one. We can see that more and more people throughout the world begin to learn and use English. The English language has changed in many ways, pronunciation, spelling, grammar etc.After reading Beowulf, a poem written in Old English, the only thing I have in my mind is that Old English is just a mystery, I can’t understand it, even just read one word. After searching for some information, I have known something about Old English (450-1100AD), Middle English (1100-1500), and Modern English (1500-present).The brief introduction of Old English teaches me the history of the English language. “The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English, Old English did not sound or look like English today. About half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. ”(1) Then, in 1066, the Duke of Normandy, William has conquered England, because of this, Old English has developed into Middle English. He brought his own language to England——French. “French became the language of Royal Court, and the ruling and business classes. In the 14th century English became dominant in Britain again, but withmany French words added. This language is called Middle English.”(2)Here comes the Modern English, it is easier for us to understand nowadays. In early Modern English, the pronunciation has changed a lot. “The vowels were pronounced shorter, many new words and phrases entered the language. The invention of printing meant that there was now a common language in print. It also brought standardization to English.”(3) In order to see what changes have come about, I will list a simple phrase that expresses in the three different periods. The phase is “I love you.”Old English: “ic lufie þe.”(4)Middle English: “I love thee.”(5)Present Day English: I love you.The words in Old English are more complicated, ic is pronounced /it∫/, lufie is pronounced /luvie/, and þe is /θe:/. According to the history, this language came from the Angles and the Saxon. In Middle English, the words are more like the words today, though some differences still exist. At that time, the language has been influenced by the Latin, the English have absorbed in culture of other countries, as well as the language. With the development of the country, many old things have been replaced by the new one. Present Day English, as we have learned for many years, are very familiar with it, the phrase is pronounced /ai lʌv ju:/.From this example, I think that we can all have a direct view about the changes of English language. It has changed not only in pronunciation and spelling, but also in grammar and vocabulary.Why these changes have occurred? I may ask myself this question after that. In my pointof view, there may be three reasons.First, as the time passed by, the language itself will change along with historical development.Second, as many other countries like Anglo-Saxons, French conquered England, they brought their own culture to England, influenced the English language. Latin, German have been used in the English language in Old English and Middle English. I’ve found an example from the textbook, how the Anglo-Saxons influenced Britain, they brought their religious belief to the country. “The Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the seventh century. Then monasteries were built all over the country.” (6)The third, with the development of the modern society, the language changes because of the needs of its speakers. “New technologies, new products, and new experien ces require new words to refer to them clearly and efficiently.” (7)The changes are creatures of the age.All in all, maybe the English language has lost its own characteristic through the changes, but it has become a worldwide language now, almost all the people around the world are learning English. Changes sometimes are bad, sometimes are good. The changes of the English language must be a good one.Bibliography1、“What is English.”. phylovsw, n.d. 18 Nov.2010.< /view/887e574e852458fb770b56ae.html>2、“What is English.”. phylovsw, n.d. 18 Nov.2010.< /view/887e574e852458fb770b56ae.html>3、“What is English.”. phylovsw, n.d. 18 Nov.2010.< /view/887e574e852458fb770b56ae.html>4、“How to say I love you in Old English.”. n.p. n.d. 18 Dec.2007</question/41675259.html>5、“How do I love thee” in Hypertext.Kitten. n.d./article/reading/1/200611/1389.html6、Liu Bingshan. A Short history of English Literature. Henan: Henan people's press, 2007 Page 3, line 67、“About language changes.”.camillayoung. n.d. 13 Jun. 2010</view/c07bf784b9d528ea81c77935.html>。

change 的用法Change 的用法Change 是一个常用的英语单词，它的意思是“改变”、“变化”、“零钱”等。

在不同的语境中，change 的用法也有所不同。

1. Change 作为动词，表示“改变”、“变化”。

例如：- She has changed a lot since we last met.（自从我们上次见面以来，她变化很大。

）- We need to change our plan.（我们需要改变我们的计划。

）- The weather is changing.（天气在变化。

）2. Change 作为名词，表示“零钱”、“找头”。

例如：- Do you have any change for a dollar?（你有没有一美元的零钱？）- I don't have any change.（我没有零钱。

）3. Change 还可以表示“更换”、“替换”。

例如：- I need to change my phone.（我需要更换手机。

）- Can you change the light bulb?（你能换一下灯泡吗？）4. Change 还可以表示“变革”、“改革”。

例如：- The company is going through a lot of changes.（公司正在经历很多变革。

）- The government is planning to change the tax system.（政府计划改革税制。

）5. Change 还可以表示“转变”、“转化”。

例如：- She has changed her mind about the trip.（她改变了对旅行的想法。

）- The company is changing its focus to online sales.（公司正在转变其重心，转向在线销售。

）总之，change 是一个非常常用的单词，它的用法非常广泛。

变化系动词
变化系动词是指在句子中帮助表达变化本身及变化的过程的动词。

它们是英语中重要的词汇之一。

这些动词经常出现在句子中，可以用来描述动作的过程或状态的变化。

例如，grow（生长）、change（变化）、evolve（进化）、develop（发展）和shrink（收缩）。

例如：
She grew taller as she got older.
天气变得越来越温暖。

他们进化成了一种新的生物。

人类社会在时间的洪流中不断发展。

由于他们节约能源，该工厂的污染量在短短几年内被缩小了一半。

The pollution from the factory was halved in just a few years due to their conservation efforts.
变化系动词除了用于表达改变本身之外，还可以帮助描述一些涉及行为的变化、生理和心理过程及其它变化，例如，increase（增加）、decrease（减少）、accelerate（加速）、reverse（倒转）、rise（上涨）、lower（降低）以及vary（变化）。

气温每天逐渐升高。

The temperature increased day by day.
他的心率正在加速。

在今年，由于经济不景气的影响，全球的股票市场受到了下跌的压力。

这种新的技术改变了那个行业的游戏规则。

变化系动词的掌握有助于提高英语表达能力。

明白变化系动词的意义，熟练运用变化系动词，无疑会给书面表达带来很大的帮助和改变。

Change的用法总结一、Change的基本含义和用法解析1.1 Change的基本含义Change是英语中常用的动词，表示使得某事物从一种状态或情况转变为另一种状态或情况。

1.2 Change的用法总结Change可以用于多种不同的场景和情境中，下面将对其常见的用法进行总结和解析。

二、Change的意义与变化2.1 Change的意义Change代表了一种变化的过程，意味着离开了过去的状态进入新的状态。

人们常常希望通过改变来实现进步和成长，变革可以带来新机遇和挑战，激发创新和创造力。

2.2 Change的类型Change的类型可以分为以下几种： 1. 自然变化：大自然中一切事物都在不断变化，如季节交替、日升日落等。

2. 个人变化：人的成长和发展是一个持续的变化过程，如身体变化、思想观念的变化等。

3. 社会变化：社会经济结构、文化形态、价值体系等都在不断变化，如科技的进步、社会制度的演变等。

4. 组织变化：组织为了适应外部环境和实现内部发展，需要进行各种类型的变化，如战略调整、组织结构的变革等。

三、个人变化与成长3.1 个人成长的必要性个人成长是每个人都应该追求的目标，它可以使我们不断地提升自我，适应新的环境和挑战。

个人成长是一种全面的提升，包括身心、智慧、情感和社交等多个维度。

3.2 个人成长的途径和方法个人成长的途径和方法各有不同，要根据个人的情况和需求来选择。

以下是一些常见的个人成长途径和方法：- 学习与知识积累不断学习和积累知识是个人成长的基础，可以通过读书、参加培训、学习新技能等途径来不断提升自己的知识水平。

- 经历与体验通过实践和体验可以帮助我们更好地认识自己和外部世界，从而进一步成长和发展。

- 反思与总结反思和总结是个人成长的重要环节，可以帮助我们从失败和错误中吸取教训，不断改进自己。

- 交流与合作与他人的交流和合作可以拓宽我们的视野，学习他人的经验和智慧，从而快速成长。

四、组织变化与管理4.1 组织变化的必要性组织在不断变化的环境中生存和发展，需要不断进行变革和改进，以适应外部的竞争和内部的发展需求。

《英语语⾔学概论》题与答案（2）ExercisesI.Multiple Choice1. __________ studies language change over time in contrast to looking at language as it is used at a given moment.A. Diachronic linguisticsB. Synchronic linguisticsC. Prescriptive linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics2. Of all the speech organs, the ______ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords3. In terms of place of articulation, the following sounds [p], [b], [m] and [w]share the feature of ______.A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental4. A(n) ______ is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit, a collection of distinctive phonetic features.A. phoneB. soundC. allophoneD. phoneme5. Which of the following sound description is for [d]A. voiced labiodental fricativeB. voiced alveolar stopC. voiceless labiodental fricativeD. voiceless alveolar stop6. What is the phonetic feature of the sound [u]A. close back shortB. semi-close front shortC. semi-open central shortD. open front short7. Which of the following sentences contain a derivational affixB. It was raining.C. Those socks are inexpensive.D. She closed the book.8. The morpheme “ed” in the word “worked” is known as a(n) ______.A. derivational morphemeB. lexical morphemeC. inflectional morphemeD. functional morpheme9. “en-” in “enlarge” is a(n) ______.A. derivational affixB. inflectional affixC. free rootD. bound root10. ______ is the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function.A. SyntaxB. GrammarC. MorphologyD. Morpheme11. Which of the following forms is possible word of EnglishA. sprokeB. bsarnC. mboodD. coofp12. Which pair of words below shows the relation of antonymy. ______A. flourish—thriveB. intelligent—stupidC. casual—informalD. flog—whip13. We call the relation between “furniture” and “wardrobe” as ______.A. hyponymyB. meronymyC. homophonyD. homonymy14. Most of the violations of the maxims of the CP give rise to ______.A. breakdown of conversationB. confusion of one’s intentionC. hostility between speakers and the listenersD. conversational implicatures15. In t he phrase structure rule “S——>NP VP”, the arrow can be read as______.A.is equal toB.consists ofC.hasD.generates16. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is ______.A. lexicalB. morphemeC. grammaticalD. semantic17. The pair of words “hot” and “cold” are ______.A. gradable antonymsB. relational antonymsC. complementary antonymsD. co-hyponyms18. Which pair of the following are complementary antonymsA. alive / deadB. above / belowC. poor / richD. doctor / patient19. What is the relation between the pair of sentences:He likes seafood.He likes crabsA. synonymyB. inconsistencyC. entailmentD. presupposition20. Which pair of the following are homographsA. piece n. / peace n.B. tear v. / tear n.D. flower n. / rose n.21. Which pair of the following are dialectal synonymsA. lorry, truckB. kid, childC. collaborator, accompliceD. amaze, astound22. “Lift” and “elevator” form a pair of ______ synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialecticalC. collocationalD. connotative15. All syllables must have a ______.A. onsetB. codaC. nucleusD. consonant23. ______ studies language and speech as they are used at a given moment and not in terms of how they have evolved over time.A. Diachronic linguisticsB. Synchronic linguisticsC. Prescriptive linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics24. ______ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. PsycholinguisticsB. SociolinguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics25. Of the following sound combination, only ______ is permissible in English.A. iblkB. ilbkC. ilkbD. blik26. Which pair of words below shows the relation of synonymy. ______A. drunk—soberB. uncle—auntD. casual—informal27. The sense relationship between “He has been to France” and “He has been to Europe” is ______.A. hyponymyB. antonymyC. presuppositionD. entailment28. In the phrase structure rule “NP—>(Det) N (PP)…”, the arrowcan be read as______.A. is equal toB. branches intoC. transformsD. generates29. In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][r][s][l][z][n] share the feature of ______.A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental30. Y’s utterance in the following conversation violates themaxim of ______.X: When is Susan’s f arewell partyY: Sometime next month.A.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.manner31. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the ______because this kind of speech act is identical with the speaker’s intention.A. locutionary actB. constative actC. perlocutionary actD. illocutionary act32. We call the relation between “vehicle” and “car” as ______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemy33. Which of the following pairs differs from the others in thesense relation ______A. good, badB. long, shortC. big, smallD. innocent, guilty34. As far as manners of articulation are concerned, which of the followingdiffers from the others ______A.[p]B. [b]C. [t]D. [f]35. Which pair of the following belong to meronymyA. animal, tigerB. hand, fingerC. livestock, dogD. furniture, dresser36. “-En” in “blacken” is a(n) ______.A. derivational affixB. inflectional affixC. free rootD. bound root37. Transformational rules do not change the basic ______ ofsentences.A. formB. structureC. meaningD. sound pattern38. According to Searle, those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called____./doc/18b4b05bef630b1c59eef8c75fbfc77da2699787.html missivesB. directivesB.expressivesD. declaratives39. The illocutionary point of the____ is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.B. expressives/doc/18b4b05bef630b1c59eef8c75fbfc77da2699787.html missivesD. directives40. Y’s utterance in the following conversation exchange viola tes the maxim of ______.X: Who was that you were with last night？Y: Did you know that you were wearing odd socks？A. qualityB. quantityC. relationD. mannerII. Blank filling1.Productivityor___ refers to man’s linguistic ability which enables him to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences in our native language, including the sentences which were never heard before.2.Some antonyms are g radable_ because there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair.3.Duality is the way meaningless elements of language at one level (sounds and letters) combine to form meaningful units (words) at another level.4.According to its position in the new word, affixes are divided into two kinds: prefixes and suffixes.5.Phonological rules that govern the combination of sounds ina particular language are called sequential rules.6.Root_ constitutes the core of the word and carries the major component of its meaning.7. A suffix is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may change its part of speech.8.In terms of morphemic analysis, derivation can be viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.9.Some morphemes cannot normally stand alone, but function only as parts of words, . –s, -er, -ed and –ing, which are called bound______ morphemes.10.When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known asintonation./doc/18b4b05bef630b1c59eef8c75fbfc77da2699787.html nuguge _is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.12.Saussure put forward two important concepts. Langue_ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.13.Broad transcription is normally used in dictionary and teachingtextbooks for general purposes.14.The root _ constitutes the core of the word and carries the majorcomponent of its meaning.15.Prefixes modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change thepart of speech of the original word.to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separationin time and space.17. An independent unit of meaning that can be used freely by itself is calleda free _ morpheme.18.Clear [l] and dark [l] are allophones of the same one phoneme /l/. They nevertake the same position in sound combinations; thus they are said to be incomplementary distribution.19.Stem is the base to which one or more affixes are attached tocreate amore complex form that may be another stem or a word.20.Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language.two sounds [p] and [p h] are in complementary distribution, and they are known as allophones of the phoneme /p/.22. _Syntax_______ is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.23. Cooperative Principle (CP) is proposed by Paul Grice .24. “Words are names or labels for things.” This view is called naming theory in semantic studies.25. The sentence “My unmarried sister is married to a bachelor” is a contradition.III. True or false questions.( T ) 1. “Where did he buy the beer” presupposes “He bought the beer”.( F) 2. Sense and reference are the same aspects of meaning.( F ) 3. A word’s category can be told straightforward from its meaning.( T ) 4. The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by themselves are free morphemes.(T ) 5. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is grammatical.( T ) 6. “The student’’ in the sentence ‘The student liked the linguistic lecture” and “The linguistic lecture”in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student”belong to the same syntactic category.( F ) 7. Compounds with a preposition are in the categoryof the prepositional part of the compound.(T ) 8. Like other phrases, Infl takes an NP as its specifier and a VP category as its complement.( T ) 9. Linguistic context is concerned with the probability of words or expressions co-occurring orcollocating with each other.( T ) 10. When the two words are in the same grammatical category, the compound will be in this category.( F ) 11. Linguistics is the course of language.( F ) the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form.( T ) 13. Articulatory phonetics is concerned about how a speaker uses his speech organs to articulate the sounds.( T) 15. Phonology is the study of the rules governing the structure, distribution,and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.(T) 16. Sentences are not formed by randomly combining lexical items, but by following a set of syntactic rules that arrange linguistic elements in a particular order.( T) 17. Stress has two main semantic functions: distinguish between two words and emphasize the syllable or word.( T) 18. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are closed class words.( T) 19. Linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense.(T) 20. The more commonly used a word is, the more likely it has acquired more than one meaning.( T ) 21. Utterance is based on sentence meaning; it is the realization of the Abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication or simply in context.( F ) , suggesting, warning, ordering are instances of commissives.( T ) 23. When performing an illocutionary act of representative, the speaker is making a statement or giving a description which he himself believes to be true.(T) 24. Coordination refers top the process or result of linking linguistic units so that they have different syntactic status, one being dependent upon the other, and usually a constituent of the other.(T ) 25. Traditionally,sentence is the minimum part of language that express meaning.。

change 的意思"Change" 一词可以表示以下几个意思：1. 改变：指从一个状态、形式或条件转变为另一个。

这种改变可以是物理上的、情感上的、思想上的，或是在行为、观念、环境等方面的变化。

例句：The weather has changed from sunny to rainy.（天气已经从晴转为雨。

）2. 零钱：指用来支付货物或服务中的小额金额的硬币或纸币。

例句：Do you have any change for a dollar?（你有没有一美元的零钱？）3. 替代：指用新的事物或方式取代旧的事物或方式。

例句：We need to change our outdated technology with the latest innovations.（我们需要用最新的创新技术来替代我们过时的技术。

）4. 变化：指在一段时间内发生的差异或进展。

例句：She has undergone a significant change in her attitude towards work.（她在对工作的态度上发生了显著的变化。

）5. 找零：指从一笔交易中返回多余的款项。

例句：The cashier will change your twenty-dollar bill into smaller denominations.（收银员会用更小的面额找零你的二十美元纸币。

）6. 变形：指物体或形状的转变，可以是通过形状的扭曲、变形、变形等方式。

例句：The chameleon can change its color to blend in with its surroundings.（变色龙可以改变颜色以融入周围环境。

）“change”这个词有多个含义，可以根据上下文来确定其具体意义。

（完整版）高一英语必修一课文原文及译文高一英语必修一课文原文及译文必修一 Unit1Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Ki tty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors forso long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. …For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a halfthat I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly…I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasurelooking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.Yours, Anne第一单元友谊Reading 安妮最好的朋友你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢?或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢?安妮·弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她最好的朋友。