高考十选九阅读讲解及巩固提升(四)(有答案)

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高考十选九阅读巩固提升练习“十选九”解题思路大部分的后缀能改变一个词的词性,也有小部分的后缀改变了词的意思。

后缀及其意义对应单词(1)-able (-ible)=that can be ~ed; able to be ~ed exchangeable能相互交换的;movable可移动的;能被……的,可……的(形容词后缀)permissible可允许的;avoidable可避免的;believable可相信的;understandable能理解的;adaptable可适应的;breakable易破碎的;readable 可读的;lovable可爱的,讨人喜欢的;reliable可信赖的;durable耐用的;respectable被尊敬的(2)age - =the act or result of ~ing;the condition of一状态,集合(名词后缀)marriage婚姻;shortage缺少;leakage泄露;wastage浪费(3)-al (-ial, -ical, -ual) ①=of一;like一;having the nature of 像……,有…性质的形容词后缀②the act of ~ing…,的行为(名词后缀)national民族的;、industrial工业的;mental内心的;personal个人的;practical实践的;logital 逻辑的;casual偈然的;historical有关历史的;continual连续的;arrival到达;denial否认;refusal拒绝;approval赞同;betrayal背叛;removal移动(4) –an= person人(名词后缀)American美国人;Italian意大利人;意大利籍;African非洲人(5) -ance (-ence, - ency)=the act or fact of ~ing; appearance出现;annoyance使烦恼;disturbance(情绪等)失调;the state or quality of being ~ed endurance忍耐;reliance依赖;assurance 确信;……的性质,—,…|的状态(抽象名词后缀)performance表现,表演;attendance出席,到场;dependence依靠;difference区别;urgency 紧急;tendency趋向;preference更喜欢;frequency频繁;influence影响;fluency流利;excellence优秀,杰出(6) -ant (-ent)- brilliant光芒四射的;resistant抵抗的;abundant丰富的;①……的形容词后缀absorbent能吸收的;indulgent纵容的,宽容的;orient东方的;②-a person or thing that-s人或物(名词后缀)distant远离的;vacant没人占据的;arrogant 骄傲自大的assistant助手,帮手;merchant商人;servant 仆人;occupant占有者;accountant会计师;defendant被告;patient耐心的;diligent勤奋的;patient病人;opponent对手;agent代理人;correspondent通讯者注:以-ance为后缀的名词通常对应-ant为后缀的形容词;以-ence或者-ency为后缀的名词通常也对应-ent为后缀的形容词。

(7) -ar (-ular, -icular)=of一;like一;popular流行的;lunar月亮的;familiar熟悉的;peculiar古惺的having the nature of有……性质的(形容词后缀)(8) –ary ①= a place for一,有关的library图书馆;dictionary词典;boundary 边界;人或者物名词后缀secretary秘书(参与秘密的人);statuary 雕像;salary薪水;②形容词后缀secondary第二的;military军人的,军队的;contrary相反的;ordinary普通的;temporary暂时的(9) –ate ①- of一(形容词后缀)fortunate幸运的;liberate自由的;fascinate 迷人的;private私人的;②=to become-or cause to be affectionate亲爱的;terminate使终止;dictate听写;activate使活跃;成为……,使成为……(动词后缀)accumulate使积累;evaporate便蒸发(10)--ation (-ition)=the state of一;determination决心;industrialization工业化;preparation准备;……的动作;……的状态(名词后缀) competition竞争;repetition重复;creation 创造;imagination想像(11) –dom = the rank of一;……的职位、queendom女王的地位;chiefdom首领的地位领域;状态、事实(名词后缀) freedom自由;kingdom王国;wisdom智慧;(12) -ee = a person who is ~ed; 被……者employee雇员;refugee难民;interviewee 被面试/采访者(名词后缀) 指人(13) –en=①- to cause to be一;to cause to have一使变的……(动词后缀)weaken变弱;wooden木头的;waxen蜡制的;golden金子的②=made of一由……制成的(形容词后缀) sharpen削尖;soften使变软;strengthen使坚强;lengthen使变长;(14) -er (-eer) =一人,动作者(名词后缀) fighter战士;worker工人;writer作家;thinker 思想家;harvester收割机;admirer饮佩者;philosopher哲学家;Londoner伦敦人;engineer工程师;volunteer志愿者(15) -ese = 的人,语言(名词后缀)Chinese中国人,中文;Japanese日本人,日文一般改变国家或者地方的词义(16) -ess - female女性名词后缀actress女演员;princess公主;goddess女神(17) -ful=full“;having the qualities of ;充满……的;具有……性质的;易于……的;可……的(形容词后缀)cheerful高兴的;harmful有害的;fruitful富有成果的;powerful强大的;doubtful疑惑的;awful可怕的;respectful恭敬的;thankful感谢的;faithful忠实的;regretful遗憾的;plentiful大量的(18) -fy (-ify, -efy)=to make一,to cause to be一;to become一使……动词后缀beautify使美丽;classify招……分类;identify 认出;purify使纯净;horrify使恐怖;notify 使…注意,通知(19) –hood =the state of quality of一;the character of一;a group of body of --'s身份,境遇,状态(名词后缀) childhood童年;womanhood女性;neighborhood四邻,街坊;likelihood 可能性;knighthood骑士身份(20) -ian=the person of一人名词后缀musician音乐家;guardian卫护者;Christian基督教徒(21) --ic①=of一;having the nature of; made or caused by;like有……性质的;由……组成的(形容词后缀)②- an art or system of thought; a person connected with一学术,艺术;有关的人(名词后缀)atmospheric大气的heroic英雄的;alcoholic酒精的;volcanic火山的;poetic富有诗意的;symphonic交响乐的;music音乐;logic逻辑;arithmetic算术;magic魔术;medic医生(22) -ion = the result of ~ing; the condition of being ~ed; a thing or process that中……的动作、结果和状态(名词后缀) attraction吸引;calculation计算;fascination迷恋;admission允许进入;derivation衍生,派生;competition竞争;resolution决心;observation观察; repetition重复;deduction扣除;omission省略;revelation揭露(23) -ism = the doctrine, theory or system of ……主义;教(名词后缀)communism共产主义;socialism社会主义;revisionism修正主义;humanism人道主义;heroism英雄主义;industrialism产业主义;realism现实主义(24) -ist = the person who follows the doctrine of……主义者,人(名词后缀)communist共产主义者;artist艺术家.(25) -ity (-ty, -ety)=the condition, quality or fact of 'being……的性质、状态(名词后缀)possibility可能性;ability能力;equality平等;royalty王权;quality质量;poverty贫穷;minority少数;certainty必然;curiosity好奇心;sensibility敏感性;timidity 胆怯,羞怯;activity活动;generosity慷慨大方(26) -ive -= ing; having the quality of-ing; tending to一与……有关的;具有……性质的(形容词后缀)attractive有吸引力的;imitative模仿的;decisive,决定的;talkative健谈的;competitive竞争的;definitive确定的,限定的;progressive进步的;extensive广阔的;respective各自的,分别的(27) -less = without;lacking;free from;无……的;缺乏……的从不……的;不可……的(形容词后缀)homeless无家可归的;rainless无雨的;painless不痛酌;tireless不疲劳的;countless不计其数的;aimless没有目的的;shameless无耻的;boundless无限的;nameless不知其名的;speechless说不出话来的;senseless无知觉的(28) -logy =the doctrine, study or science of一;the speech or of……论;……学;……科(名词后缀)biology生物学家;zoologist,动物学家;technology技术;philosophy哲学;geology地质学注:相应的词缀还有-logical表示“……学的”,是形容词后缀;-logist表示“……者”,是名词后缀。