2017青海西宁一模文综试题及答案
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第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1。
5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍.1. Where are the two speakers probably talking?A. In the hospital.B. In the classroomC. On the road.2. What docs the man mean?A。
He knows Jock’s birth dale.B。
The woman is good with dates.C. He has trouble remembering dates。
3. How is the weather now?A. It’s fine.B。
It’s rainy。
C. It’s hot.4. What will the speakers do tomorrow afternoon?A。
Go to a park. B。
Co shopping. C. Eat out with Tom。
5. What is the man complaining about?A。
His work。
B. The weather。
C。
The noise from neighbors.第二节(共15小题;每小题1。
5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟时间阅读各个小题;听完后,各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。
6。
What did Helen do during her stay abroad?A. She stayed inside studying all day long.B。
2017年青海省西宁市高考物理一模试卷二.选择题(共8小题,每小题6分,共48分,其中1~5为单选,6~8为多选)1.(6分)卢瑟福通过α粒子散射实验得出了原子核式结构模型,实验装置如图所示,有带电粒子打到光屏上都产生光斑.为验证α离子散射实验结论,现在1、2、3、4四处放置带有荧光屏的显微镜.则这四处位置一段时间内统计的闪烁次数符合实验事实的是()A.2、10、625、1205B.1202、1305、723、203C.1305、25、7、1D.1202、1010、723、2032.(6分)一物体做直线运动,其加速度随时间变化的a﹣t图象如图所示。
下列v﹣t图象中,可能正确描述此物体运动的是()A.B.C.D.3.(6分)如图所示,斜面顶端固定有半径为R的轻质滑轮,用不可伸长的轻质细绳将半径为r的球沿斜面缓慢拉升.不计各处摩擦,且R>r.设绳对球的拉力为F,斜面对球的支持力为N,则关于F和N的变化情况,下列说法正确的是()A.F一直增大,N一直减小B.F一直增大,N先减小后增大C.F一直减小,N保持不变D.F一直减小,N一直增大4.(6分)发射地球同步卫星时,先将卫星发射至近地圆轨道1,然后经点火,使其沿椭圆轨道2运行,最后再次点火,将卫星送入同步圆轨道3.轨道1、2相切于Q点。
轨道2、3相切于P点(如图),则当卫星分别在1,2,3,轨道上正常运行时,以下说法正确的是()A.卫星在轨道3上的速率大于在轨道1上的速率B.卫星在轨道3上的角速度大于在轨道1上的角速度C.卫星在轨道1上经过Q点时的加速度大于它在轨道2上经过Q点时的加速度D.卫星在轨道2上经过P点时的加速度等于它在轨道3上经过P点时的加速度5.(6分)日常家庭用电为220V,发电厂输出电压为380V,同时为了减少电能传输中的损失,通常要用变压器改变电压.如图为用户端的电路结构,其中变压器可视为理想变压器.其原副线圈的匝数比为8:1,副线圈上电压的瞬时值u=220sin100πt(V),副线圈接家用电器热水器和抽油烟机,开关S闭合吋,电流表示数是0.6A,开关S断开时,电流表示数是0.5A,下列说法正确的是()A.S闭合时,抽油烟机消耗的功率是22WB.原线圈两端电压的最大值是1760VC.S闭合时,热水器消牦的功率减小D.S闭合时,热水器消耗的功率是880W6.(6分)如图所示,平行板电容器与电动势为E的直流电源(内阻不计)连接,下极板接地,静电计所带电荷量很少,可被忽略。
考点一:《共产党宣言》01.(北京市朝阳区2017届高三第二次(5月)综合测试(二模)文综历史试卷)下图是19世纪末流行于欧洲的一幅漫画。
根据所学知识,对其理解准确的是全世界的无产者站在岸边,在马克思的指引下,准备登上标志着他们的要求的船。
A. 马克思领导着第一国际B. 马克思主义是思想主流C. 无产阶级要求暴力夺权D. 工人运动推动社会变革【答案】D【解析】根据题意此漫画的时间为19世纪末期,可以判断出A项错误。
第一国际的领导人不是马克思,而且1864年第一国际就已经解体;马克思主义指引无产阶级并不能说明马克思主义是思想主流,故B项错误;从漫画内容并不能看出无产阶级要求暴力夺权,所以C项错误;根据“全世界的无产者站在岸边,在马克思的指引下,准备登上标志着他们的要求的船。
”可以看出马克思主义指导工人运动,并且工人阶级的要求得到了满足,所以可以得出工人运动推动社会变革的结论,所以D项正确。
02.(2017届江苏省扬州市学业水平第三次模拟试卷)“至今一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史。
自由民和奴隶、贵族和平民、领主和农奴、行会师傅和帮工,一句话,压迫者和被压迫者,始终处于相互对立的地位,进步不断的、有时隐蔽有时公开的斗争,而每一次斗争的结局是整个社会受到革命改造或者斗争的各阶级同归于尽。
”(《共产党宣言》)这段材料A. 揭示了人类社会发展规律B. 阐明了无产阶级的历史使命C. 指出了阶级斗争的作用D. 号召全世界无产者联合起来【答案】C【解析】由“至今一切社会的历史都是阶级斗争的历史……”可以看出社会的发展是阶级斗争推动的结果,故本题答案选C项;A项人类社会的发展规律材料中没有体现;B项错误,材料中没有特定为无产阶级;D项与题干材料无关。
03.(2017届安徽省舒城中学高三仿真(一)文综-历史试卷)门德尔逊在他的著作中这样叙述1825年的英国:“工业空前萧条,工业区的许多工人无工可做,忍饥挨饿的工人发生了公开的暴动。
2017年青海省西宁市高考历史一模试卷一、单选题(本大题共12小题,共48.0分)1.《礼记•曲礼下》:“天子死曰崩,诸侯死曰薨,大夫曰卒,士曰不禄,庶人曰死。
”几种称呼间不能相互僭越。
这种规定反映了()A. 宗法制和分封制下丧葬礼仪的等级性B. 封建专制主义中央集权制下的等级观念C. 中国几千年来礼仪制度的延续性D. 严格规范的丧葬礼仪稳定了周的统治2.唐代公私学校通常开设的课程有《孝经》《论语》《礼记》《诗》《周礼》《仪礼》《易》《尚书》《春秋左氏传》《春秋公羊传》《春秋谷梁传传》《史记》《汉书》《后汉书》《三国志》等。
这些课程的开设()A. 具有复兴夏商周三代文化的倾向B. 说明儒学正统地位得到强化C. 适应了科举考试的需要D. 反映了君主专制的极端强化3.军机处最主要的职掌是所谓的“承旨书谕”,上谕下发分为“明发”和“廷寄”两种。
“明发”上谕是指交给内阁发抄,宣示天下的谕旨;“廷寄”上谕是由军机大臣直接密寄具奏人的谕旨,需封入信函,交兵部加封后加急传递;这表明()A. “明发”上谕是为了监督内阁的政务公开B. “廷寄”上谕有利于加强中央对地方的监管C. 军机处突破“承旨书谕”职能,成为内阁的上级机构D. 军机处直接参与机要政务的决策4.黄宗羲认为:“秦变封建而为郡县,以郡县得私于我也;汉建庶孽(指诸侯王国),以其可以藩屏于我也;宋解方镇之兵,以方镇之不利于我也。
此其法何曾有一毫为天下之心哉!而亦可谓之法乎?”黄宗羲这一表述()A. 具有朴素辩证法思想B. 反对诸侯分封和藩镇割据C. 具有近代的民主法治情神D. 主张为天下之人立法5.杨秀清、萧朝贵发布的《奉天讨胡檄布四方谕》中写道:“夫中国有中国之形象,今满洲悉令削发,拖一长尾于后,是使中国之人变为禽犬也。
”在太平军将领眼里,清政府强制民众剃发后所蓄的辫子是()A. 民族文化习俗融合的象征B. 清朝专制统治、民族压迫的象征C. 儒家传统文化习俗的象征D. 农民起义军挑战清朝统治的象征6.以下不能鲜明地体现中国近代民族企业家爱国精神的是()A. 张骞认为,国家如同一棵大树,教育是花,军队是果,而实业是根B. 宋裴卿的天津东亚毛呢股份公司,把服务社会、服务祖国作为企业宗旨C. 范旭东宁愿关厂,也不愿屈膝日伪,发出“宁举丧,不受奠仪”的哲言D. 周学熙的新华纱厂提出了“互助合作”的“新华精神”7.1936年,蒋介石命驻苏大使馆武官邓文仪找中共驻共产国际代表团接触,2月又派宋子文通过同中共有密切关系的宋庆龄表示愿意谈判之意。
绝密★启用前【全国市级联考word 】青海省西宁市2017届高三下学期复习检测一(一模)理综-化学试题(缺28题答案)试卷副标题考试范围:xxx ;考试时间:33分钟;命题人:xxx学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________注意事项.1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷(选择题)一、选择题(题型注释)1、如图甲是一种既能提供电能,又能实现氮固定的新型燃料电池(采用新型电极材料,N2、H 2为电极反应物,HCl —NH 4Cl 为电解质溶液);图乙是利用甲装置产生的电能在铁上镀铜。
下列说法中正确的是A .通入H 2—极与图乙中的铜电极相连B .电池工作一段时间后,溶液pH 减少C .当消耗0.025molN 2时,则铁电极增重1.6gD .通入N 2―端的电极反应式为:N 2+ 8H ++ 6e -=2NH 4+2、下列实验能达到目的的是3、原子序数依次递增的四种短周期元素可形成简单离子X2-、Y+、Z3+、M2-,下列说法错误的是A.工业上常采用电解法冶炼Z单质B.气态氢化物的稳定性:H2X>H2MC.离子半径由大到小:M2->Y+>Z3+>X2-D.X、Y形成的化合物中阳离子、阴离子个数比一定是2:14、N A为阿伏伽德罗常数的值。
下列说法正确的是A.14g分子式为C n H2n的链烃中含有的C—H键的数目为2N AB.0.1molCl2与足量石灰乳反应,转移电子的数目为0.2N AC.室温下,lLpH =13的NaOH溶液中,由水电离出的OH-离子数目为0.1N AD.标准状况下,2.24 LNO2和N2O4混合气体中含有氧原子数目为0.2N A5、化学与生产、生活、社会密切相关,下列说法错误的是A.人造纤维、合成纤维和光导纤维都是有机高分子化合物B.利用CO2合成聚碳酸酯类可降解塑料,有利于减少白色污染C.黄河入海口沙洲的形成与用卤水点豆腐,都体现了胶体聚沉的性质D.我国汽油标准由“国III”提高到“国1V”,目的是减少有害气体的排放,改善环境质量。
2017-2018学年青海省西宁五中、四中、十四中高考生物一模试卷一、选择题(本题共6小题,每小题6分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.下列有关生物学实验的叙述中正确的是()A.用3H标记的胸腺嘧啶研究转录和翻译的过程B.选用紫色洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞观察到质壁分离现象时观察不到染色体C.观察线粒体用新鲜的藓类叶片代替口腔上皮细胞效果较佳D.光合色素的分离实验中,滤纸条上的胡萝卜素扩散最快是因为含量最多2.细胞是生物体结构功能的基本单位.A~D为四个细胞模式图,对如图有关叙述正确的是()A.能进行光合作用的细胞只有细胞A,细胞C一定不能发生质壁分离B.作为合成蛋白质场所的结构只分布在细胞A、B、D图代表的生物C.A、B的细胞中含有线粒体、高尔基体等细胞器,而C、D的细胞只含有核糖体D.C和D细胞中的基因传递遵循基因的自由组合定律,但不遵循基因的分离定律3.下列关于细胞化合物的叙述,正确的是()①A TP、脱氧核苷酸、核糖体共有的组成元素是C、H、O、N、P;②内环境中发生的丙酮酸氧化分解给细胞提供能量,有利于生命活动的进行;③酶、激素、ATP和神经递质等都是细胞中的微量高效物质,作用后都立即被分解;④T细胞释放的淋巴因子能使受到抗原刺激的B细胞增殖;⑤叶肉细胞内的[H]都在光反应阶段产生,用于暗反应C3的还原.A.①⑤ B.①④ C.③⑤ D.①②4.下列细胞内的物质变化或生理过程发生在生物膜上的是()A.DNA复制B.光合作用的暗反应C.叶绿体色素吸收光能的过程D.氨基酸脱水缩合5.下列有关生物多样性和进化的叙述中,不正确的是()A.细菌在接触青霉素后会产生抗药性的突变个体,青霉素的选择作用使其生存B.蜂鸟细长的喙与倒挂金钟的筒状花萼是它们长期协同进化形成的相互适应特征C.异地新物种的形成通常要经过突变和基因重组、自然选择及隔离三个基本环节D.自然选择能定向改变种群的基因频率,决定了生物进化的方向6.如图表示人体通过体液免疫消灭破伤风杆菌外毒素的过程,下列相关叙述错误的是()A.细胞2、细胞3均起源于造血干细胞B.仅细胞4中含有合成物质a的基因C.②、③过程与细胞膜上蛋白质有关D.细胞5属于保留分裂能力的细胞二、解答题(共4小题,满分39分)7.甲、乙两图分别表示光照强度和空气中CO2浓度对某绿色植物光合作用的影响,其中S1S2S3的面积大小表示有关生理过程产生或消耗有机物的量.丙图示探究叶片光合作用速率的装置.请据图回答以下问题:(1)在甲图中,呼吸作用消耗有机物的量可表示为,光合作用产生有机物的量可表示为(用S1S2S3和数学符号).写出与呼吸作用有关的反应式(底物为C6H12O6).(2)若将图丙中的CO2缓冲液换成1%的NaOH溶液,则植物幼苗叶绿体中C5含量将,产生〔H〕的速率将.(3)在图丙的装置中,若改变光照强度:从无到有且逐步增加,发现液滴的移动情况是,直至液滴不再移动,此时的光照强度对应于甲图的点,此时液滴不再移动的原因是.保持此光照强度下将图丙中的阳生植物换成阴生植物,如果其他条件不变,则有色液滴将向移动.(4)若图乙表示在光合作用最适温度下测得的气体体积变化,现将温度适当升高(已知呼吸作用最适温度大于光合作用),则乙图中G点将如何移动(上移,下移,不移动).8.豌豆是遗传学研究常用的实验材料.请分析回答:(1)选用豌豆作为遗传研究的材料,易于成功的原因是(至少写出两点).孟德尔利用豌豆圆形种子的植株和皱缩种子的植株进行杂交,F1自交得到的F2中圆形和皱缩种子之比大约为3:1.F2出现3:1性状分离比的原因是F1形成配子的过程中,分别进入不同的配子中,且受精时雌雄配子随机结合.若F2植株全部自交,预测收获的圆形和皱缩种子的比例约为.(2)研究发现,皱缩种子在发育过程中缺乏一种合成淀粉所需的酶,导致细胞内淀粉含量,种子因成熟过程中水分缺乏而表现为皱缩.由此说明基因是通过控制来控制代谢过程,进而控制生物的性状.(3)豌豆素是野生型豌豆产生的一种抵抗真菌侵染的化学物质.决定产生豌豆素的基因A 对a为显性.当基因B存在时,豌豆素的产生受到抑制.已知A和a、B和b两对基因独立遗传.现用两个不能产生豌豆素的纯种(品系甲、品系乙)和野生型豌豆(AAbb)进行如下两组实验:亲本中品系甲和品系乙的基因型分别为、.为鉴别Ⅱ组F2中不能产生豌豆素豌豆的基因型,可取该豌豆进行自交,若后代全为不能产生豌豆素的植株,则其基因型为.如果用品系甲和品系乙进行杂交,F1(填“能”或“不能”)产生豌豆素,F2中能产生豌豆素的植株所占比例约为.9.如图表示某草原生态系统中两类动物(植食动物和肉食动物)食物利用的部分过程.请分析回答下列问题.(1)如果将上图中生物构建成一条食物链,需要添加上,草原生物群落除上图中生物所代表的成分外,还有.(2)图中两类生物之间通过捕食与被捕食相互制约,体现了生态系统有的能力.(3)植食动物的粪便属于图解中的(填字母)部分,能量由植食动物流向肉食动物的传递效率可表示为×100%(用图中序号表示).(4)气温逐渐降低时,若⑥保持不变,青蛙的⑦/⑥的值将,而狼的⑦/⑥的值将.10.多数鱼类的体色会随着环境条件的变化而改变,经研究发现,鱼类的眼和松果体能感知光照变化而产生兴奋,当兴奋到达肾上腺时,其分泌的肾上腺素能使体表黑色素细胞的色素颗粒聚集,使体色变浅;而当兴奋到达副交感神经时,其神经末梢分泌的乙酰胆碱能使体表黑色素细胞的色素颗粒扩散,使体表颜色加深.请回答下列问题:(1)从反射弧角度分析,眼和松果体为,其接受刺激产生兴奋,兴奋部位的膜电位表现为.肾上腺素能被体表黑色素细胞感知,原因是体表黑色素细胞膜上有.(2)乙酰胆碱是一种神经递质,由此推测,副交感神经末梢与体表黑色素细胞接触部位类似于(结构),此处信息传递的方向是(填“双向”或“单向”)的.(3)鱼体色的调节方式是.(4)为验证肾上腺素和乙酰胆碱对鱼体色的影响,科研人员进行了相关实验,请完善下列实验内容.实验对象:体长约10cm左右且体色相近的同种鲫鱼若干条.药品及用具:鱼用生理盐水、适宜浓度的肾上腺素、乙酰胆碱、注射器等.实验步骤:第一步:将鲫鱼平均分成三组,编号为甲、乙、丙,分别放入三个玻璃缸中置于无光处饲养一段时间.第二步:给甲组鲫鱼腹腔中注入2mL乙酰胆碱,乙组鲫鱼腹腔中注入,而丙组鲫鱼腹腔中注入作为对照.第三步:将装有上述处理后鲫鱼的玻璃缸置于(无光/有光)处,约2h后,观察比较三组鲫鱼体表颜色的变化.预期实验结果:甲、乙、丙三组鱼的体色由浅到深依次是.【生物----生物技术实践专题】11.现在大力提倡无纸化办公,但是每年仍然不可避免地产生了大量废纸,其主要成分是木质纤维,人类正努力将其转化为一种新的能源乙醇.下图是工业上利用微生物分解纤维素生产乙醇的基本工作流程,请回答相关问题:(1)图中①环节所需的微生物大多分布在环境中,筛选该微生物的方法是.图中②环节获得的酶是一种复合酶,一般认为它至少包括三种成分,即C1酶C x酶和,前两种酶使纤维素分解成,第三种酶将纤维二糖分解成葡萄糖.(2)纸张加工过程中,有时加入一些由植物芳香油制成的香精,你是植物芳香油提取的常用方法;也可以用植物色素使纸张着色,根据植物色素易溶于有机试剂的特点,可以考虑使用方法提取植物色素.(3)④过程要注意对接种器材进行,⑤环节常用的菌种是,产生酒精的过程中,要注意对发酵装置进行.【生物-选修3现代生物科技专题】12.抗虫稻是一种被导入了bt毒蛋白的转基因稻,图是获取目的基因的流程:回答下列问题(1)图中基因组文库(小于/等于/大于)cDNA文库,B过程需要的酶是;A、C过程中(可以/不可以)使用同一种探针筛选含目的基因的菌株.(2)构建基因表达载体时用限制酶切割DNA后可能产生黏性末端,也可能产生平末端,后者需用(E•coil/T4)DNA连接酶通过催化键使目的基因与质粒连接起来,为了检测目的基因是否成功翻译,可能需要用做探针来检测是否转录出mRNA.(3)抗虫水稻的培育还需要借助技术才能得到完整植株,培育过程中的受体细胞可以选用愈伤组织细胞,与采用叶肉细胞相比较,其优点是.(4)上述基因工程中的核心步骤是,其目的是使目的基因在中稳定存在,并且可以遗传给下一代,同时使目的基因能够表达和发挥作用.(5)稻蟹种养是根据稻养蟹、蟹养稻、稻蟹共生的理论,在稻蟹种养的环境内,蟹能清除田中的杂草,吃掉害虫,排泄物可以肥田,促进水稻生长;而水稻又为河蟹的生长提供丰富的天然饵料和良好的栖息条件,互惠互利,形成良性的生态循环.生态工程所遵循的基本原理有整体性、协调与平衡、和等原理.2016年青海省西宁五中、四中、十四中高考生物一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本题共6小题,每小题6分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.下列有关生物学实验的叙述中正确的是()A.用3H标记的胸腺嘧啶研究转录和翻译的过程B.选用紫色洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞观察到质壁分离现象时观察不到染色体C.观察线粒体用新鲜的藓类叶片代替口腔上皮细胞效果较佳D.光合色素的分离实验中,滤纸条上的胡萝卜素扩散最快是因为含量最多【考点】观察植物细胞的质壁分离和复原;叶绿体色素的提取和分离实验;遗传信息的转录和翻译.【分析】胸腺嘧啶是合成DNA的原料,转录和翻译过程都不会用到胸腺嘧啶.紫色洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞已经高度分化,不再分裂,不会出现染色体.观察线粒体时需要用健那绿将线粒体染成蓝绿色,最后选用无色的细胞进行该实验,否则会有颜色干扰.分离绿叶中的色素时,四种色素在层析液中的溶解度不同,溶解度越大,扩散的速度越快.【解答】解:A、胸腺嘧啶是合成DNA的原料,所以用3H标记的胸腺嘧啶能研究DNA复制过程,但不能研究转录和翻译的过程,故A错误;B、紫色洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞已经高度分化,不再分裂,所以选用紫色洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞观察到质壁分离现象时观察不到染色体,故B正确;C、观察线粒体时需要用健那绿将线粒体染成蓝绿色,而藓类叶片含有绿色的叶绿体,会干扰观察,故C错误;D、光合色素的分离实验中,滤纸条上的胡萝卜素扩散最快是因为其在层析液中的溶解度最大,故D错误.故选B.2.细胞是生物体结构功能的基本单位.A~D为四个细胞模式图,对如图有关叙述正确的是()A.能进行光合作用的细胞只有细胞A,细胞C一定不能发生质壁分离B.作为合成蛋白质场所的结构只分布在细胞A、B、D图代表的生物C.A、B的细胞中含有线粒体、高尔基体等细胞器,而C、D的细胞只含有核糖体D.C和D细胞中的基因传递遵循基因的自由组合定律,但不遵循基因的分离定律【考点】原核细胞和真核细胞的形态和结构的异同.【分析】判断图中各细胞类型是解答本题的关键.图中A细胞中有液泡和细胞壁,属于植物细胞;B细胞中没有细胞壁,有中心体,属于动物细胞;C细胞没有成形的细胞核,属于原核生物;D细胞属于原核生物中的蓝藻.【解答】解:A、能进行光合作用的只有D(蓝藻),因为A植物细胞中没有叶绿体,细胞C(原核生物)具有细胞壁,也能发生质壁分离,故A错误;B、所有细胞生物中均具有核糖体,因此图中细胞所代表的生物均能合成蛋白质,故B错误;C、A和B细胞属于真核生物,线粒体、高尔基体等细胞器普遍存在于真核细胞中,C和D 细胞属于原核生物,核糖体是原核生物唯一具有的细胞器,故C正确;D、基因的自由组合定律只适用于进行有性生殖的真核生物,原核细胞只能进行无性生殖,故D错误.故选C.3.下列关于细胞化合物的叙述,正确的是()①A TP、脱氧核苷酸、核糖体共有的组成元素是C、H、O、N、P;②内环境中发生的丙酮酸氧化分解给细胞提供能量,有利于生命活动的进行;③酶、激素、ATP和神经递质等都是细胞中的微量高效物质,作用后都立即被分解;④T细胞释放的淋巴因子能使受到抗原刺激的B细胞增殖;⑤叶肉细胞内的[H]都在光反应阶段产生,用于暗反应C3的还原.A.①⑤ B.①④ C.③⑤ D.①②【考点】人体免疫系统在维持稳态中的作用;ATP的化学组成和特点;光反应、暗反应过程的能量变化和物质变化;内环境的组成.【分析】内环境由血浆、组织液和淋巴组成,内环境稳态是机体进行正常生命活动的必要条件,有利于机体适应外界环境的变化.【解答】解:①A TP由一分子含氮碱基,一分子核糖和三分子磷酸基团组成,含有C、H、O、N、P,脱氧核苷酸由一分子含氮碱基、一分子脱氧核糖一分子磷酸组成,含有C、H、O、N、P,核糖体由RNA和蛋白质构成,其中核糖核苷酸是由一分子含氮碱基、一分子核糖一分子磷酸组成含有C、H、O、N、P,①正确;②丙酮酸氧化分解发生在线粒体内,不发生在内环境中,②错误;③酶不是微量的,可以重复使用,不是催化作用结束之后就失活,但是酶可以被水解,③错误;④T细胞释放的淋巴因子能促进受到抗原刺激的B细胞增殖,④正确.⑤叶肉细胞内的[H]在光反应阶段产生,用于暗反应;也可以在有氧呼吸第一、二阶段生成,用于第三阶段,⑤错误.故选:B.4.下列细胞内的物质变化或生理过程发生在生物膜上的是()A.DNA复制B.光合作用的暗反应C.叶绿体色素吸收光能的过程D.氨基酸脱水缩合【考点】细胞膜系统的结构和功能.【分析】阅读题干可知,该题的知识点是生物膜系统的组成和功能,梳理相关知识点,然后结合选项中涉及的具体生理过程解答问题.【解答】解:A、真核细胞DNA分子复制过程发生在细胞核内、线粒体基质和叶绿体基质中,原核细胞DNA分子复制发生在拟核区,都不发生在膜上,A错误;B、光合作用的暗反应阶段发生在叶绿体基质中,B错误;C、叶绿体中色素吸收光能的过程是光反应过程,发生在类囊体膜上,C正确;D、氨基酸脱水缩合反应的场所是核糖体,核糖体不具有膜结构,D错误.故选:C.5.下列有关生物多样性和进化的叙述中,不正确的是()A.细菌在接触青霉素后会产生抗药性的突变个体,青霉素的选择作用使其生存B.蜂鸟细长的喙与倒挂金钟的筒状花萼是它们长期协同进化形成的相互适应特征C.异地新物种的形成通常要经过突变和基因重组、自然选择及隔离三个基本环节D.自然选择能定向改变种群的基因频率,决定了生物进化的方向【考点】生物的多样性;自然选择学说的要点;物种的概念与形成.【分析】阅读题干和选项可知,本题涉及的知识有自然选择、生物多样性和进化,明确知识点,梳理相关的基础知识,结合问题的具体提示综合作答.【解答】解:A、细菌中原本存在各种各样的突变个体,接触青霉素后,有抗药性的突变个体存活下来了,其他个体不能生存.青霉素对细菌进行了选择,所以并不是细菌接触青霉素“后”产生突变个体,而是青霉素选择出了抗药突变个体,A错误;B、共同进化是不同物种之间,生物与无机环境之间,在相互影响中不断进化和发展,所以蜂鸟细长的喙与倒挂金钟的筒状花萼是它们长期协同进化形成的相互适应特征,B正确;C、异地新物种的形成通常要经过突变和基因重组、自然选择及隔离三个基本环节,C正确;D、生物的变异是不定向的,自然选择能定向改变种群的基因频率,决定了生物进化的方向,D正确.故选:A.6.如图表示人体通过体液免疫消灭破伤风杆菌外毒素的过程,下列相关叙述错误的是()A.细胞2、细胞3均起源于造血干细胞B.仅细胞4中含有合成物质a的基因C.②、③过程与细胞膜上蛋白质有关D.细胞5属于保留分裂能力的细胞【考点】人体免疫系统在维持稳态中的作用.【分析】根据题意和图示分析可知:细胞1为吞噬细胞,细胞2是T细胞,细胞3是B细胞,细胞4为效应B细胞,细胞5是记忆细胞,物质a为抗体.体液免疫过程为:(1)感应阶段:除少数抗原可以直接刺激B细胞外,大多数抗原被吞噬细胞摄取和处理,并暴露出其抗原决定簇;吞噬细胞将抗原呈递给T细胞,再由T细胞呈递给B细胞;(2)反应阶段:B细胞接受抗原刺激后,开始进行一系列的增殖、分化,形成记忆细胞和浆细胞;(3)效应阶段:浆细胞分泌抗体与相应的抗原特异性结合,发挥免疫效应.【解答】解:A、细胞2和3是T细胞和B细胞,起源于造血干细胞,在骨髓中成熟的是B 细胞,在胸腺中成熟的是T细胞,A正确.B、人体细胞中含有合成物质a的基因,由于基因的选择性表达,只在细胞4中合成物质a 的基因进行了表达,B错误.C、2和3是细胞之间的识别和传递,和糖蛋白有关,C正确.D、相同抗原再次入侵时,记忆细胞很快分裂产生新的浆细胞和记忆细胞,D正确.故选B.二、解答题(共4小题,满分39分)7.甲、乙两图分别表示光照强度和空气中CO2浓度对某绿色植物光合作用的影响,其中S1S2S3的面积大小表示有关生理过程产生或消耗有机物的量.丙图示探究叶片光合作用速率的装置.请据图回答以下问题:(1)在甲图中,呼吸作用消耗有机物的量可表示为S1+S2,光合作用产生有机物的量可表示为S2+S3(用S1S2S3和数学符号).写出与呼吸作用有关的反应式(底物为C6H12O6)C6H12O6+6H2O+6O26CO2+12H2O+能量.(2)若将图丙中的CO2缓冲液换成1%的NaOH溶液,则植物幼苗叶绿体中C5含量将上升,产生〔H〕的速率将下降.(3)在图丙的装置中,若改变光照强度:从无到有且逐步增加,发现液滴的移动情况是左移且速度逐渐减慢,直至液滴不再移动,此时的光照强度对应于甲图的B点,此时液滴不再移动的原因是此时光合作用产生的氧气量等于呼吸作用消耗的氧气量.保持此光照强度下将图丙中的阳生植物换成阴生植物,如果其他条件不变,则有色液滴将向右移移动.(4)若图乙表示在光合作用最适温度下测得的气体体积变化,现将温度适当升高(已知呼吸作用最适温度大于光合作用),则乙图中G点将如何移动(上移,下移,不移动)下移.【考点】影响光合作用速率的环境因素.【分析】分析图解:甲图中,A点是只进行呼吸作用,因此OA段可表示呼吸速率,并且呼吸作用全过程中均存在,并且强度基本不变.B点时,光合作用等于呼吸作用.图中S1+S2表示呼吸作用总量,S2+S3表示光合作用总量.乙图中,F点为光合作用的起始点,G点达到光合作用饱和点.丙图中,NaHCO3溶液可为光合作用提供稳定的二氧化碳,因此装置中气体量的变化表示氧气量的变化.【解答】解:(1)从图可知,呼吸消耗的有机物为呼吸速率与时间乘积,因此可以用S1+S2表示,光合作用产生的有机物=净光合作用量+呼吸消耗量=(S3﹣S1)+(S1+S2),因此光合作用产生有机物的量可表示为S2+S3.有氧呼吸的总反应式为:C6H12O6+6H2O+6O26CO2+12H2O+能量.(2)若将图丙中的CO2缓冲液换成1%的NaOH溶液,植物将缺少二氧化碳的供应,因此暗反应中二氧化碳固定受阻,导致叶绿体中C5含量将在短时间内增加,三碳化合物减少,利用的ATP和[H]减少,从而使光反应产生[H]的速率将降低.(3)在图丙的装置中,没有光照,叶片只进行呼吸作用,消耗装置中的氧气,而二氧化碳量不变,因此气体总量减少,液滴向左移动;随着光照强度的不断增强,当光合作用等于呼吸作用时,光合作用产生的氧气量等于呼吸作用消耗的氧气量,小液滴将停止移动.阴生植物的光补偿点低,因此保持此光照强度下将图丙中的阳生植物换成阴生植物,如果其他条件不变,此时植物的光合作用大于呼吸作用,因此有色液滴将向右移动.(4)若将温度适当升高,则光合速率酶活性降低,呼吸速率酶的活性升高,所以G点下移.故答案为:(1)S1+S2S2+S3C6H12O6+6H2O+6O26CO2+12H2O+能量(2)上升下降(3)左移且速度逐渐减慢 B 此时光合作用产生的氧气量等于呼吸作用消耗的氧气量右移(4)下移8.豌豆是遗传学研究常用的实验材料.请分析回答:(1)选用豌豆作为遗传研究的材料,易于成功的原因是豌豆是自花传粉、闭花受粉的植物;具有易于区分的相对性状(至少写出两点).孟德尔利用豌豆圆形种子的植株和皱缩种子的植株进行杂交,F1自交得到的F2中圆形和皱缩种子之比大约为3:1.F2出现3:1性状分离比的原因是F1形成配子的过程中等位基因分离,分别进入不同的配子中,且受精时雌雄配子随机结合.若F2植株全部自交,预测收获的圆形和皱缩种子的比例约为5:3.(2)研究发现,皱缩种子在发育过程中缺乏一种合成淀粉所需的酶,导致细胞内淀粉含量降低,种子因成熟过程中水分缺乏而表现为皱缩.由此说明基因是通过控制酶的合成来控制代谢过程,进而控制生物的性状.(3)豌豆素是野生型豌豆产生的一种抵抗真菌侵染的化学物质.决定产生豌豆素的基因A 对a为显性.当基因B存在时,豌豆素的产生受到抑制.已知A和a、B和b两对基因独立遗传.现用两个不能产生豌豆素的纯种(品系甲、品系乙)和野生型豌豆(AAbb)进行如下两组实验:亲本中品系甲和品系乙的基因型分别为aabb、AABB.为鉴别Ⅱ组F2中不能产生豌豆素豌豆的基因型,可取该豌豆进行自交,若后代全为不能产生豌豆素的植株,则其基因型为AABB.如果用品系甲和品系乙进行杂交,F1不能(填“能”或“不能”)产生豌豆素,F2中能产生豌豆素的植株所占比例约为.【考点】基因的分离规律的实质及应用;基因、蛋白质与性状的关系;基因的自由组合规律的实质及应用.【分析】孟德尔两对相对性状的杂交试验中,F2共有16种组合方式,9种基因型,4种表现型,其中双显(黄圆):一显一隐(黄皱):一隐一显(绿圆):双隐(绿皱)=9:3:3:。
青海省西宁市2017届高三下学期复习检测一(一模)英语试卷第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A.B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置.听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍. 1.Where are the two speakers probably talking? _______A.In the hospital.B.In the classroomC.On the road.2.What does the man mean? _______A.He knows Jock’s birth dale.B.The woman is good with dates.C.He has trouble remembering dates.3.How is the weather now? _______A.It’s fine. B.It’s rainy. C.It’s hot.4.What will the speakers do tomorrow afternoon? _______A.Go to a park. B.Co shopping. C.Eat out with Tom.5.What is the man complaining about? _______A.His work. B.The weather. C.The noise from neighbors.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项.每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟时间阅读各个小题;听完后各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间.每段对话或独白读两遍.听第6段材料,回答第6至7题.6.What did Helen do during her stay abroad? _______A.She stayed inside studying all day long.B.She had much free time to do sightseeing.C.She visited Paris all by herself.7.What does Helen say she will do in the future? _______A.She doesn’t want to go to France again.B.She can get the chance to travel around France again.C.She can * t possibly get the chance to go to France again.听第7段材料,回答第8至9题.8.Which team won in the end? _______A.The American team. B.The Spanish team. C.The Chinese team. 9.What’s the woman’s favorite sport? _______A.Basketball. B.Football. C.Ping-pong.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题.10.What happened to Nancy last week? _______A.She had a bad cold. B.She infected Ann. C.Ann infected Nancy. 11.What is the weather like recently? _______A.Cold. B.Hot. C.Changeable. 12.What does the man think of the sweater? _______A.It looks pretty. B.It doesn’t suit her well. C.It was too expensive. 听第9段材料,回答第13至16题.13.What are the speakers going to do tonight? _______A.See a movie. B.Have a meeting C.Attend a party. 14.What kind of food does the woman prefer? _______A.Chinese food. B.Mexican food. C.American food. 15.How are the speakers going there? _______A.By bus B.By bike. C.By subway. 16.Who is Tina? _______A.The speakers’ friend. B.The man’s colleague. C.The woman’s teacher. 听第10段材料,回答第17至20题.17.What did the man use to think of TV? _______A.It wasted too much of people’s time.B.It helped people learn about the world.C.TV made people silly and overweight.18.What happened to the man last year? _______A.He turned 65.B.He retired from work. C.He bought a TV set. 19.What may happen to the man when he turns 65? _______A.He may devote all his time to TV and stop reading.B.He may graduate from an open university.C.He may stop going out in the evenings.20.What is the man’s only problem? _______A.He can’t find time to read books or go out.B.His hearing and eyesight are gradually failing.C.He gets angry when his programs are interrupted.第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项.APersonal RobotMake your parents and teachers happy!Are you having problems finishing your homework on lime? Do you avoid tidying your room until your mom shouts at you? You don’t need to worry if you buy a Mr. Helping Hand personal robot. Mr. H can be programmed to organize your homework. Your own personal robot will follow you around, putting away books and objects that you have left on the floor or bed.Mr. H also has these features:weighs only 500 gramsincludes long-lasting batteriescomes with a 5-year guaranteeremembers simple instructionsOriginally sold for $499, Now only $299!WATCH CONTOOLThis is a watch that James Bond would be proud to wear!This is NOT a watch for ordinary people! You’re electronic PENGO WATCH CONTROLacts as a remote control for TVs and videos.gives you a daily weather forecast.reminds you when to hand in your homework.sets off a silent warning alarm when parents or teachers are near.Besides, your PENGO WA TCH CONTROL will always tell you the time accurately!Originally sold for $199, Now only $99!For further information, click here.21.With help from a Mr. H, you can _______A.stop using batteries B.finish your homework on timeC.remember your teacher’s inactions D.get your room tidied on your way h-me22.A PENGO WATCH CONTROL can help you to _______A.repair your TV B.organize your homeworkC.be a James Bond D.know what the weather is like23.You can get your Mr. H for _______A.$ 499 B.$ 299 C.$ 199 D.$ 9924.Where would you be most likely to find the two texts? _______A.On a notice board. B.In a company brochure.C.On a teenage website. D.In a college newspaper.BIf you choose only to complain and escape from a misfortune, it will always follow you wherever you go. But if you decide to be strong, the hardship will turn out to be a fortune on which new hopes will arise.In an accidents boy lost both his arms and his father who was the main source of support for the family. Since then, he has had to depend on the arms of his younger brother. For the sake of taking care of him, his younger brother became his shadow, never leaving him alone for years. Except for writing with his toes, he was completely unable to do anything in his life.As the two brothers grew up together, they had their share of problems and they would often quarrel. Then one day, his younger brother wanted to leave, living his own life, as many normal people do. So he was heart - broken and didn’t know what to do.A similar misfortune befell a girl, too. One night, her mother who suffered from chronic mental illness, disappeared. Her father went out to look for her mother, leaving her alone at home. She tried to prepare meals for her parents, only to overturn the kerosene light on the stove, resulting in a fire which took her hands away.Though her elder sister who was studying in another city. Showed her willingness to take care of her, She was determined to be completely independent. At school, she always studied hard. Most of all she learned to be self - reliant.One day, the boy and the girl were both invited to appear on a television interview program. Boy told the TV host about his uncertain future at being left on his own, whereas the girl was full of enthusiasm for her life. They both were asked to write something on a piece of paper their toes. The boy wrote: My younger brother’s arms are my arms; while the girl wrote: Broken wings, flying heart.25.What attitude should we take towards a misfortune in the author s opinion? _______A.Trying to find an escape from it. B.Facing it bravely with a positive mind.C.Asking for help from your relatives. D.Ignoring it and living a normal life.26.After the accident, the boy _______A.decided to live with his brother B.learnt to do things with his toesC.made a living all by himself D.depended wholly on his brother27.Which of the following is True of the girl? _______A.She lost her mother in an accident. B.Her sister took good care of her.C.She was optimistic and full of courage. D.She led a poor life with her father.28.What did the girl mean by “Broken wings, flying heart”? _______A.Never give up hopes in face of hardship. B.If s not easy for her to live a normal life.C.If a bird loses its wings, it can not fly. D.If you lose your hands, your life will be hard.CI was driving home the other day on a sunny afternoon. I had a smile on my face as I sang along to the songs on the radio. It was a beautiful day that I felt full of happiness. My good mood ended, however, when the radio station took a news break between songs. Then suddenly I found myself listening to yet an- other story of a richfamous man who had broken the law. I shook my head as I came to a red traffic light.As I pulled to a stop I noticed four leather-jacketed bikers. They were standing in the middle of the road with two on either side of the light. They looked rough and dangerous, but as I got closer I noticed each one was holding their helmet in their hands. I rolled down my window as one approached my car.“We are the Brother’s of the Wheel”, he said. “We are collecting money for a Christmas Toy Drive for needy children. M As I pulled a dollar out of my wallet I looked past his beard and tattoos and into his eye. They shined with a goodness and kindness that came right from his soul. I dropped the money in his helmet and waved to the other bikers as I drove off. My good mood had returned. My faith in mankind had been bolstered. And I had to remember again never to judge people by their appearance.Our society often judges books by their covers but God reads what is written in our hearts and souls. Perhaps one day we will all learn to see the world through the same eyes. Perhaps one day we will realize that looks matter little and actions matter much.29.The writer’s good mood ended when _______A.he heard news between songs B.he had to stop at a red traffic lightC.he heard a rich man broke the law D.he saw four leather- jacketed kids in need30. What are four bikers doing at the traffic light? _______A.Having a bicycle race in the street. B.Selling helmets to the passers-by.C.Raising money to help kids in need. D.Preparing for Christmas holidays.31.What does “bolstered” in the second paragraph probably mean? _______A.Destroyed. B.Improved. C.Decreased. D.Exploded.32.The writer to tell us that we should _______A.have faith in young people B.judge others by their actionsC.change our attitude to society D.manage to help others in needDEven before my father left U8, my mother had to go back to work to support our family. Once I came out of the kitchen, complaining, “Mom, I can’t peel potatoes. I have only one hand.”Mom never looked up from sewing. “You get yourself into that kitchen and peel those potatoes,” She told me. “And don’t ever use that as an excuse for anything agai n!”In the second grade, our teacher lined up my class on the playground and had each of us race across the monkey bars, swinging from one high steel rod to the next, When it was my turn, I shook my head. Some kids behind me laughed, and I went home crying.That night I told Mom about it. She hugged me, and I saw her “we’ll see about that look. The next afternoon, She took me back to school. At the deserted playground, Mom looked carefully at the bars.“Now, pull up with your right arm,” She advised. She stood by as I struggled to lift myself with my right hand until I could hook the bar with my other elbow. Day after day we practiced, and she praised me for every rung I reached. I’ll never forget the next lime, crossing the rungs, I looked down at the kids who were standing with theirmouths open.One night, after a dance at my new junior high, I lay in bed sobbing. I could hear Mom come into my room.“Mom,” I said, weeping, “None of the boys would dance with me.”For a long time, I didn’t hear anything. Then she said, “Oh, honey, someday you’ll be beating those boys off with a bat.” Her voice was faint and cracking. I peeked out from my covers to see tears running down her cheeks. Then I knew how much she suffered on my behalf. She had never let me see her tears.33.From the passage, we know monkey bars can help a child train _______A.the skill to throw and catch things B.the speed of one’s hand movementC.the strength and skill to hang and sway D.the bodily skill to rotate round a bar34.What does the s entence “I saw her’ we’ll see about that’look” imply? _______A.Mom believed every aim could be achieved if you stuck to it.B.The race across monkey bars was not difficult enough for a child to give up.C.Mom was determined to prove herself was better than the teacher.D.What the child had said brought Mom great attraction and curiosity.35.When the child looked down at the kids, they were standing with their mouths open because _______ A.they felt sorry for what they had done beforeB.they were afraid the author might fall off and get hurtC.they wanted to see what the author would do on the barsD.they were astonished to find the author’s progress第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中的两项为多余选项.Getting your children to study can be a little like getting them to eat their vegetables.36 Make a study time and have it at the same time every day. This will help your kids to learn to schedule their day and will give them a sense of control over how they spend their time.Allow them to study in blocks of time, such as for half an hour with a five - minute break in the middle. 37 Ideal study times are after dinner or right after school before dinner. Never allow your children to study in front of the television, as that will encourage passive activity. 38 You’ll also need to help your kids find the right place to study. After you’ve set up a good study time for little learners, set up a good place where they can get those creative juices flowing 39 Make sure there is a table or a desk and a comfortable chair.40 This includes helping them out with their homework sometimes and being there for them with the answers to any questions. The input you give your children during study periods will help form a bond and help make studying enjoyable.A.Pick a place where your children can study properly.B.Hold them to the schedule they create for themselves.C.Finally, spend time with your kids when they're studying.D.Keep the atmosphere light and offer lots of encouragement too.E.Instead, use TV as a treat or a reward when the homework is completed.F.Try to stop this bad habit by offering some sort of reward.G.One of the best ways to form good study habits for your kids is to design a schedule that they keep to.第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各題的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.Many students often say that they don’t have “enough time” to do all their schoolwork. My 41 is often brief. You have as much time as the president.” I usually carry on a bit about 42 twenty four hours in the day for everyone, and suggest that “not enough time” is not an 43 explanation of 44 something done.45 in graduate school, I tried to prove to one of my professors 46 saying that f hard. His answer to me was, “That’s irrelevant. 47 is important is the 48 of your work. ” Since then I have had time to think carefully about the trick of “49 ”, and I have come to some 50 all relevant to the problem of how much lime we have.If you analyze the matter, you can identify two parts of the problem: There is, 51 ,the matter of “time”, which we can think of 52 .Then there is the problem of “work” during that time. But, as my professor suggested, it’s not how hard one works 53 the quality of the product that’s important.That led me to a new idea: the quality of the work. That 54 is perhaps best explained by a sign I once saw on the wall in someone’s office: “Don’t work harder. 55 .” There is a lot of sense in that idea.If you can’t get more time, and few of us can, the only solution is to improve the quality of the work. That means thinking of ways to get more out of 56 time than we might otherwise get. That should lead us to an analysis of our work habits. Since “work” for students usually means “homework”, the expression “work habits” should be read as “57 ” habits.Then, as a smart student, you will 58 those skills that you use in study 59 reading and writing, If you learn to read better and write better, there are big benefits that 60 in all your studies. 41.A.question B.idea C.reply D.key42.A.there being B.there are C.there be D.there to be43.A.strange B.acceptable C.surprising D.demanding44.A.no getting B.not getting C.no letting D.not letting45.A.Since then B.Just now C.Ever D.Once46.A.by B.in C.on D.upon47.A.Thai B.What C.Whether D.If48.A.quantity B.amount C.number D.quality49.A.hard worker B.honest student C.busy president D.future graduate 50.A.constructions B.contributions C.conclusions D.concentrations51.A.of course B.in fact C.as a result D.as a whole52.A.if followed B.if fixed C.as followed D.as fixed53.A.so B.but C.nor D.and54.A.concept B.sense C.explanation D.solution55.A.Work smarter B.Work faster C.Think twice D.Think aloud56.A.a little B.the more C.the less D.the same57.A.living B.study C.thinking D.sleeping58.A.seek improving B.seek to improve C.find improving D.find to improve 59.A.chiefly B.briefly C.actually D.occasionally60.A.are paid B.is paid C.pays off D.pay off第Ⅱ卷第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.For many young people, going to university is one of the most important (stage)61 of their lives. It is the time when young people will move out of 62 (they) homes to live with other people, often strangers.63 (especial)in the U.S. people often travel very far 64 home to study. It is a time to be 65 (independence).At university, you will 66 (teach) by lectures and professors who are leading figures in their study. The opportunity to learn from and to discuss with them is 67 drives some people to apply to university. Students are required to choose a major that they wish to study. Apart from the 68 (academy)benefit, life at university also can allow students 69 (develop) their interests in many fields.Therefore, university is a place 70 you attain knowledge, to develop your values and to accept those who may be different.第四部分:写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10分,每小题1分,满分10分)该文中共有十处错误,每句中最多有两处,错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在此符号下面写出该加的词.删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉.修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词.注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改十处,多者(从第11处起)不计分.My favorite sport is playing basketball. In the middle school, I joined in the basketball team. All the teammate practiced hard after school. Once our team had match against another school’s. At the very beginning, we were so nervous which we couldn’t cooperate very good, because this was the first time for us to compete with the school honor. In the half match they fell behind. Our team leader calls us together and said that we must get uniting in order to beat them. Then we tried our best and won the game at last. Play basketball makes me realize theimportance of union and teamwork.第二节书面表达(共25分)假定你是李华,你校将举行一场英语演讲比赛,请写信给外教Paul,邀请他来当评委,给选手打分并点评. 要点如下:1.比赛时间:本周五下午2点到5点;2.比赛地点:学校报告厅(conference hall);3.共30位选手,每人演讲3至5分钟.注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯.3.参考词汇:judge评委青海省西宁市2017届高三下学期复习检测一(一模)英语试卷答案1~5.ACBBC 6~10.ABACA 11~15.CAABC 16~20.AABBC21~25.BDBCB 26~30.DCAAC 31~35.BBCAD 36~40.CBEAC41~45.CABBD 46~50.ABDAC 51~55.ADBAA 56~60.DBBAD61.Stages62.Their63.Especially64.From65.independent66.be taught67.What68.Academic69.to develop70.where71~80.My favorite sport is playing basketball. In the middle school, I joined in the basketball team. All the teammate(去掉in)teammates practiced hard after school. Once our team had ∧match against another school’s. At the very beginning, weawere so nervous which we couldn’t cooperate very good, because this was the first time for us to compete with that well for the school honor. In the half match they fell behind. Our team leader calls us together and said that we mustwe calledget uniting in order to beat them. Then we tried our best and won the game at last. Play basketball makes me united Playing realize the importance of union and teamwork.81.Dear Paul,I’m Li Hua. I am writing to invite you to be judge of the English Speech Competition. It will be held this Friday afternoon, from 2:00 to 5:00, in the school’s Conference Hall. There will be 30 competitors taking part in the contest, each of whom is required to deliver a speech for about 3 to 5 minutes. As a judge, you need to give them marks according to their performances. Besides, you are expected to make some comments on their speeches. The English Speech Competition is an annual activity in our school and it attracts a large number of teachers and students. Could you arrange your time and come to be our judge?I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours,Li Hua。
2017年青海省西宁市高考数学一模试卷(理科)一、选择题:本大题共12个小题,每小题5分,共60分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.已知集合A={1,2,3},B={y|y=2x﹣1,x∈A},则A∩B=()A.{1,3} B.{1,2} C.{2,3} D.{1,2,3}2.已知z=(m+4)+(m﹣2)i在复平面内对应的点在第三象限,则实数m的取值范围是()A.(﹣4,2)B.(﹣2,4)C.(2,+∞)D.(﹣∞,﹣4)3.某校高二(1)班一次阶段考试数学成绩的茎叶图和频率分布直方图可见部分如图,根据图中的信息,可确定被抽测的人数及分数在内的人数分别为()A.20,2 B.24,4 C.25,2 D.25,44.盒中装有10只乒乓球,其中6只新球,4只旧球,不放回地依次摸出2个球使用,在第一次摸出新球的条件下,第二次也摸出新球的概率为()A.B.C.D.5.秦九韶是我国南宋时期的数学家,他在所著的《数学九章》中提出多项式求值的秦九韶算法,如图所示的程序框图给出了利用秦九韶算法求多项式值的一个实例,依次输入a为2,2,5,则输出的s=()A.7 B.12 C.17 D.346.某几何体的三视图如图所示,且该几何体的体积是3,则正视图中的x的值是()A.2 B.C.D.37.如图,在△ABC中,点D在BC边上,且CD=2DB,点E在AD边上,且AD=3AE,则用向量表示为()A.B.C.D.8.已知正项数列{a n}中,a1=1,a2=2,2a n2=a n+12+a n﹣12(n≥2),则a6等于()A.16 B.8 C.D.49.设函数f(x)在R上可导,其导函数f′(x),且函数f(x)在x=﹣2处取得极小值,则函数y=xf′(x)的图象可能是()A.B.C.D.10.已知实数x,y满足,设m=x+y,若m的最大值为6,则m的最小值为()A.﹣3 B.﹣2 C.﹣1 D.011.在平面直角坐际系xOy中,P是椭圆=1上的一个动点,点A(1,1),B(0,﹣1),则|PA|+|PB|的最大值为()A.2 B.3 C.4 D.512.如图,矩形A n B n C n D n的一边A n B n在x轴上,另外两个顶点C n,D n在函数f(x)=x+(x>0)的图象上.若点B n的坐标(n,0)(n≥2,n∈N+),记矩形A n B n C n D n的周长为a n,则a2+a3+…+a10=()A.208 B.216 C.212 D.220二、填空题若的展开式中,二项式系数和为64,所有项的系数和为729,则a的值为.14.已知点P(2,1),若抛物线y2=4x的一条弦AB恰好是以P为中点,则弦AB所在直线方15.已知平面上共线的三点A ,B ,C 和定点O ,若等差数列{a n }满足: =a15+a24,则数列{a n }的前38项之和为 .16.定义域为R 的可导函数f (x )的导函数f'(x ),且满足f (x )>f'(x ),f (0)=1,则不等式的解集为 .三、解答题(本大题共7小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.) 17.(12分)在△ABC 中,a 2+c 2=b 2+ac .(Ⅰ)求∠B 的大小; (Ⅱ)求cosA+cosC 的最大值.18.(12分)某中学为研究学生的身体素质与课外体育锻炼时间的关系,对该校200名高三学生的课外体育锻炼平均每天运动的时间进行调查,如表:(平均每天锻炼的时间单位:分钟)将学生日均课外体育运动时间在内的人数分别为( )A .20,2B .24,4C .25,2D .25,4【考点】B8:频率分布直方图.【分析】先由频率分布直方图求出内的人数与内的人数与x+(1﹣2k )2=0. 所以有x 1+x 2=﹣∵弦AB 恰好是以P 为中点, ∴﹣=4所以直线方程为 y=2x﹣3,即2x﹣y﹣3=0.故答案为:2x﹣y﹣3=0.【点评】本题主要考查直线与圆锥曲线的综合问题.解决本题的关键在于利用中点坐标公式以及韦达定理得到关于直线的斜率的等式.15.已知平面上共线的三点A,B,C和定点O,若等差数列{a n}满足: =a15+a24,则数列{a n}的前38项之和为19 .【考点】8E:数列的求和.【分析】由向量共线定理可得a15+a24=1.于是a1+a38=1.代入求和公式得出答案.【解答】解:∵A,B,C三点共线,∴a15+a24=1.∴a1+a38=a15+a24=1.∴S38==19.故答案为:19.【点评】本题考查了向量共线定理,等差数列的性质与求和公式,属于中档题.16.定义域为R的可导函数f(x)的导函数f'(x),且满足f(x)>f'(x),f(0)=1,则不等式的解集为(0,+∞).【考点】63:导数的运算.【分析】根据条件构造函数F(x)=,求函数的导数,利用函数的单调性即可得到结论.【解答】解:设F(x)=,则F′(x)=,∵f(x)>f′(x),∴F′(x)<0,即函数F(x)在定义域上单调递减.∵f(0)=1,∴不等式<1等价为F(x)<F(0),解得x>0,故不等式的解集为(0,+∞),故答案为:(0,+∞).【点评】本题主要考查函数单调性的判断和应用,根据条件构造函数是解决本题的关键.三、解答题(本大题共7小题,共70分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.)17.(12分)(2016•北京)在△ABC中,a2+c2=b2+ac.(Ⅰ)求∠B的大小;(Ⅱ)求cosA+cosC的最大值.【考点】HU:解三角形的实际应用.【分析】(Ⅰ)根据已知和余弦定理,可得cosB=,进而得到答案;(Ⅱ)由(I)得:C=﹣A,结合正弦型函数的图象和性质,可得cosA+cosC的最大值.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)∵在△ABC中,a2+c2=b2+ac.∴a2+c2﹣b2=ac.∴cosB===,∴B=(Ⅱ)由(I)得:C=﹣A,∴cosA+cosC=cosA+cos(﹣A)=cosA﹣cosA+sinA=cosA+sinA=sin(A+).∵A∈(0,),∴A+∈(,π),故当A+=时,sin(A+)取最大值1,即cosA+cosC的最大值为1.【点评】本题考查的知识点是余弦定理,和差角公式,正弦型函数的图象和性质,难度中档.18.(12分)(2017•西宁一模)某中学为研究学生的身体素质与课外体育锻炼时间的关系,对该校200名高三学生的课外体育锻炼平均每天运动的时间进行调查,如表:(平均每天锻炼的时间单位:分钟)将学生日均课外体育运动时间在.【点评】本题考查绝对值不等式,求解本题的关键是正确理解题意,区分存在问题与恒成立问题的区别,本题是一个存在问题,解决的是有的问题,故取|a﹣3|≥a,即小于等于左边的最大值即满足题意,本题是一个易错题,主要错误就是出在把存在问题当成恒成立问题求解,因思维错误导致错误.。
2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西宁市高三年级复习检测(一)文科综合能力测试注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题:本题共35个小题,每小题4分,共140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.2023年,花样频出的“联名款”火了:某品牌酒业先与某品牌咖啡联合推出“酱香拿铁”咖啡,单品首日销售额突破1亿元;后又与某品牌巧克力合作上线“酒心巧克力”,开售一秒即被抢光。
该营销模式()①增加商品使用价值,全面提升核心竞争力②顺应消费的新趋势,助推产品价值的实现③实现企业优势互补,降低了商品生产成本④推动品牌跨界携手,实现品牌间互相引流A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④【答案】C【解析】【详解】①:营销模式属于交换环节,不能增加商品使用价值,①排除。
②:单品首日销售额突破1亿元;开售一秒即被抢光,可见该营销模式顺应消费的新趋势,助推产品价值的实现,②符合题意。
③:该营销模式与生产成本没有直接关系,不会降低商品生产成本,③排除。
④:某品牌酒业先与某品牌咖啡联合推出“酱香拿铁”咖啡,单品首日销售额突破1亿元;后又与某品牌巧克力合作上线“酒心巧克力”,可见该营销模式推动品牌跨界携手,实现品牌间互相引流,④符合题意。
故本题选C。
2.投资是拉动经济增长的“三驾马车”之一。
2023年中央经济工作会议明确提出“扩大有效益的投资”,这既为做好2024年投资工作提供了重要遵循,也为今后一段时期投资发展指明了方向。
下列对扩大有效益投资举措产生的影响,推导正确的是()①抓好重大民生项目建设→增加优质公共产品和服务供给→满足人民对美好生活新期待②加大居民消费补贴力度→激发消费潜能释放内需潜力→巩固和增强经济回升向好态势③发挥民间资本牵引作用→破除隐性壁垒降低准入门槛→优化营商环境拓展投资新空间④加大科技和产业的投资→超前开展关键核心技术研发能力建设→塑造经济发展新动能A.①②B.①④C.②③D.③④【答案】B【解析】【详解】①:抓好重大民生项目建设是扩大有效益投资举措的体现,可以增加优质公共产品和服务供给,从而满足人民对美好生活新期待,①正确。
三、古诗文阅读(共12分)
10.读李白的《行路难(其一)》,回答问题
金樽清酒斗十千,玉盘珍羞直万钱。
停杯投箸不能食,拔剑四顾心茫然。
欲渡黄河冰塞川,将登太行雪满山。
闲来垂钓碧溪上,忽复乘舟梦日边。
行路难!行路难!多歧路,今安在?
长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海。
(1)“闲来垂钓碧溪上,复乘舟梦日边”这句话在写法上
最突出的特点是什么?
答:
(2)简要分析“长风破浪会有时,直挂云帆济沧海”一句。
答:
答案:
10.(1)运用典故或借典故抒情言志。
(1分)
(2)诗人用“长风破浪”“济沧海”来比喻自己的政治思
想一定能实现的坚定信念,表现了诗人在失意中仍怀有希望,形象地展现了诗人自强不息的奋斗精神和身处逆境仍保持
乐观进取的人生态度。
(2分)(共3分)。