2018年青海省西宁市中考真题(含答案及解析)

2018年中考语文试题分类汇编：词语成语（二）【2018山东东营】下列句中加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（）A．夺冠而归，大家决心重整旗鼓，以高昂的斗志和更科学的方法投入到日常训练中，力争明年再创辉煌。

B． 2017年7月，全国互联网金融整顿拉开帷幕，一些非法集资、庞氏诈骗等组织机构成为中流砥柱。

C．只要是3G上网用户，即便分别处在地球东西半球的双方，也既能“闻其声”又能“见其人”，真可谓咫尺天涯。

D．古往今来，阐释孔子思想的论著汗牛充栋，专家学者潜心探寻包含在《论语》中的奥秘，把握其中蕴藏的真谛。

【答案】D【2018山东临沂】下列句子中加点的成语使用不恰当的一项是（）（2分)。

A．临沂市第八届全面健身运动会，发令枪一响，近万名健身爱好者忘乎所以地向终点——市文化广场奔去。

B．认认真真地读上几本，研究几个人物，深究几个案例，吃透这些材料，让它化为自己的血肉，写作上就会左右逢源。

C．有些不良媒体为吸引眼球，不惜断章取义，制造噱头，失实报道，不仅误导了舆论，更对当事人造成了伤害。

D．《经典用流行》将诗词和音乐相融合，古典高雅的韵味和现代美的韵律相得益彰，让传统文化在古今现实中得到传承和发扬。

【答案】A【2018山东泰安】下列句子中加点的词语运用错误的一项是（）A．那些野马远比大多数家马来得强壮、轻捷和遒劲。

B．人类的智慧与大自然的智慧相比实在是相得益彰。

C．那些屏总勾不起我的诗意，原因似乎是造型不够轻巧，色彩又觉伧俗。

D．再小的事物，借助这对眼睛都能看得清清楚楚，哪怕是微不足道的细节。

【答案】B【2018山东威海】下列句中加点词语运用正确的一项是( )。

(2分)A．在他们的感觉里，时间似乎已经过去了数千亿光年。

B．他在北京大学上了10年学，从本科利到博士，期间，获得过9次奖学金。

C．这件小事把他的虚伪暴露得淋漓尽致。

D．他这次一下子拿出100多万元帮助乡亲们修路，真是大方之家。

【答案】C【2018山东潍坊】下列各句中，加点成语使用恰当的一句是A．全面建成小康社会时不我待，青年一代要勇立时代潮头，只争朝夕，在伟大实践中放飞青春梦想。

2018-2018年全国历年中考文言文汇编：《愚公移山》2018年中考《愚公移山》汇编2018年青海省西宁市阅读《愚公移山》（节选），完成9～13题。

北山愚公者，年且九十，面山而居。

惩．山北之塞，出入之迂也，聚室而谋曰：“吾与汝毕力平险，指通豫南，达于汉阴，可乎？”杂然相许。

其妻献疑曰：“以君之力，曾不能损魁父之丘，如太行、王屋何？且焉置土石？”杂曰：“投诸渤海之尾，隐土之北。

”遂率子孙荷担者三夫，叩石垦壤，箕畚运于渤海之尾。

邻人京城氏之孀妻有遗男，始龇，跳往助之。

寒暑易节，始一反焉。

河曲智叟笑而止之曰：“甚矣，汝之不惠。

以残年余力，曾不能毁山之一毛，其如土石何？”北山愚公长息曰：“汝心之固．，固不可彻，曾不若孀妻弱子。

虽我之死，有子存焉；子又生孙，孙又生子；子又有子，子又有孙，子子孙孙无穷匮也，而山不加增，何苦而不平？”河曲智叟亡以应。

1、解释下列句子中加点词的意义。

（1）惩．山北之塞，出入之迂也。

惩：（2）汝心之固．，固不可彻。

固：2、用现代汉语写出文中两处划线句子的意思，并要注意准确表现说话者的不同语气。

（1）吾与汝毕力平险，指通豫南，达于汉阴，可乎？（2）子子孙孙无穷匮也，而山不加增，何苦而不平？3、文中将愚公率领子孙们决心挖山不止的壮举与智叟的态度形成鲜明对比；并主要运用的描写手法来表现情节内容，塑造人物形象。

4、在你所熟知的古代寓言、神话故事中，还有哪些与《愚公移山》的意义相同？请写出故事的题目，不少于2个。

（1）（2）5、读完这则故事后，有人认为愚公不愚，智叟不智；但也有人认为愚公确实很愚，而智叟才是有头脑的人。

对此，你是如何看待的？请写出你的真实想法．．．．。

要求观点明确，言之成理。

参考答案：1、（1）苦于（2）顽固2、略。

意思表达符合原意，能准确表达言者的语气即可。

3、嘲讽、怀疑语言、动作4、示例：夸父逐日精卫填海等5、充分尊重学生独特的理解认识，只要符合要求即可。

2018年中考《愚公移山》汇编2018年恩施自治州愚公移山《列子》太行、王屋二山,方七百里,高万仞,本在冀州之南,河阳之北。

一、选择题目[来源:学。

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K]1．【2018年甘肃省白银市、平凉山】党的十九大提出要加快生态文明体制改革，建设美丽中国。

下列做法正确的是（）A．为保护环境，把废旧电池深埋处理B．为增加粮食产量，大量使用农药、化肥C．为节约水资，用工业废水直接灌溉农田D．为节约资源，大力开发新能源替代化石然料2．【2018年重庆市A】我市拥有丰富的页岩气，它与天然气的主要成分相同。

下列关于页岩气的说法不正确的是A．它是混合物 B．它是不可再生能源C．它的主要成分是种有机物 D．加压使它液化，其分子间的间距不变3．【2018年山东省潍坊市】NSR技术通过BaO和Ba(NO3)2的相互转化实现NOx，(氮氧化物)的储存和还原，能有效降低柴油发动机在空气中过量条件下的NOx排放。

其工作原理如图所示。

下列说法不正确的是()A．BaO属于金属氧化物，Ba(NO3)2属于硝酸盐B．CO2、甲烷(CH4)、臭氧(O3)等气体都能产生温室效应C．该技术实现了由NOx到N2的转化，减少了对空气的污染D．还原时发生反：5CO+Ba(NO3)2N2+BaO+5CO2，其中N、C、Ba三种元素的化合价在反应前后均发生改变4．【2018年四川省广安市】“绿水青山就是金山银山”，说的是自然环境与人们的生活关系密切，倡导大家要爱护自然环境。

下列做法符合这一理念的是A．农业上为增加农作物产量，可以大量施用化肥农药B．任意排放工业产生的废气、废水、废渣C．大量植树造林，严禁乱砍滥伐森林D．采取就地掩埋的方法来处理各种生活垃圾5．【2018年山东省潍坊市】“绿水青山就是金山银山”是建设生态文明的重要理念。

下列说法不正确的是()A．用乙醇汽油替代部分燃油可减少空气污染B．电动机车逐步替代燃油机车符合绿色发展理念C．“可燃冰”主要含有甲烷水合物，将成为未来新能源D．含磷污水是很好的肥料，可灌溉庄稼，能直接排放到自然界水体中6．【2018年青海省西宁市】2018年6月5日是第47个世界环境日，中国确立的主题是：“美丽中国，我是行动者”。

专题08 功和能一、多选题1．2017～2018赛季，辽宁队首次获得CBA总冠军。

如图是辽宁队在比赛时的情景，下列说法正确的是（）A．篮球出手后能继续上升，是因为篮球受到惯性的作用B．运动员听到观众的呐喊声是通过空气传来的C．篮球离开手后，在空中运动过程中，手对篮球做了功D．“盖帽”时运动员用力击球，手感到疼，说明物体间力的作用是相互的【来源】辽宁省辽阳市2018年中考物理试题【答案】BD【解析】【点睛】本题是一道综合性的题目，考查的知识点较多，涉及了惯性、声音的传播、力是否做功的判断以及力的作用是相互的，但总体难度不大。

2．测量滑轮组机械效率的装置如图所示，用5N拉力F将重8N的物体匀速提升，用时不计摩擦和绳重，则下列说法中正确的是A．拉力做的总功为8J B．有用功为4JC．滑轮组的机械效率为 D．拉力的功率为【来源】2018年黑龙江省龙东地区中考物理试题【答案】BC【解析】【点睛】涉及机械效率的问题时，关键是要清楚总功、有用功、额外功都在哪，特别要清楚额外功是对谁做的功，弄清楚这些功后，求效率和功率就显得简单了。

二、单选题3．一位质量约50kg的同学从一楼走到五楼，他上楼过程中克服重力所做的功可能为A． 60J B． 600J C． 6000J D． 0000J【来源】贵州省毕节市2018年中考物理试题【答案】C【解析】【详解】上楼过程中要克服重力所做的功，根据题意知道，该同学的质量是50kg，所以体重是：G=mg=500N，楼层高度越是3m，一楼走到五楼的高度大约是：h=4×3m=120m，所以，上楼过程中克服重力所做的功是：W=Gh=500N×12m=6000J，故选C。

【点睛】本题考查的是做功的计算，关键是公式的应用，重点是对楼层的估测，难度不大。

4．如图所示是台球比赛中球杆击球后两球相撞分离运动的情景。

下列说正确的是A． A球在桌面滚动过程中，球杆对A球要做功B． A球遇到B球相撞后两球运动状态改变说明力是物体运动状态改变的原因C． A球撞击静止的B球，使B球运动，说明力是物体运动的原因D． B球在桌面上滚动是由于惯性力的缘故【来源】贵州省毕节市2018年中考物理试题【答案】B【解析】【点睛】本题是一道综合题，考查了力的作用效果、做功的条件、惯性等，总体难度不大，掌握基础知识即可。

2018年青海省西宁市中考英语试卷二、单项选择（每小题1分，共15分）1. ﹣﹣ Do you like the movie Amazing China？ It's ________ educational movie．﹣﹣ Yes． I like it very much and I am very proud ______ our country．（）A a； inB the； inC a： ofD an； of2. ﹣﹣ Tony is only shorter than Jim， right？﹣﹣ Yes， he is ________ student in his class．（）A the second tallestB the two tallestC second tallestD two tallest3. He can't refuse you if you ask ______.A slowlyB quietlyC politelyD loudly4. ﹣﹣ Hi， Tony! _________ you __________ to the newly﹣opened shopping mall， Tangdao637lately？﹣﹣ Yes． I went there with my parents last week．（）A Did； goB Have： beenC Have； goneD Do： go5. We planned to meet at 10:30 at the station yesterday, but Bob didn't ______ until 11:00.A turn upB stay upC show upD grow up6. ﹣﹣Xining， Summer Resort （夏都）， has friendly people and _______ weather．﹣﹣ Yes． I hope ________ more tourists coming here to enjoy their cool summer．（）A a pleasant； there will beB pleasant； there will hayC a pleasant； there will haveD pleasant； there will be7. Mille's mother _________ her to be a great dancer like her．（）A hopesB warnsC wantsD makes8. —Lisa, don't let ______ in. I am too busy to meet anyone this morning.—OK, I ______.A somebody; don'tB anybody; don'tC anybody; won'tD nobody; will9. It's time to say goodbye to my school． I'll never forget the days ______ we spent together．（）A thatB whatC whoD when10. ﹣Thanks _____our government，we can play sports and on the new playground next week．﹣That's for sure!And we'll have a sports meeting _____one month．（）A for； inB to； inC for； afterD to； after11. ﹣﹣ Mr． Wang， I have trouble ________ the text． Could you help me？﹣﹣ Certainly． First， remember _________ it three times at least． Then， I will tell you more．（）A to understand； readingB understanding； readingC understanding； toread D to understand； to read12. ﹣﹣ Don't be shy! Foreigners will not laugh at you． ________， they will encourage you．﹣﹣ Thanks for your reminding and support．（）A InsteadB SoC OrD Nor13. We couldn't find out _______， so we wrote a "Lost and found"．（）A whose it was bikeB whose bike it wasC whose bike was itD whose was itbike14. ﹣﹣ __________ big success the fashion show is!﹣﹣ Yes， it's really fantastic．（）A HowB How aC WhatD What a15. ﹣﹣ Would you mind turning up the music？﹣﹣ _________． Dad is sleeping now．（）A Sorry， I can't do itB Yes， pleaseC No， not at allD Ok． I will三、完形填空（每小题10分，共10分）16. Our children grew up on peanut butter （花生酱） and jelly （果酱）sandwiches． The delicious jelly made them （1）_______, and homemade was the best choice． I wasn't the jelly maker in this big family． My（2）_______was． It was always there． Jelly making was just a way of life for her． She （3）_______did it, following the same steps﹣from picking the fruit to setting the finished jelly on the shelf．In April, my mother left us forever． We decided to （4）_______potted things in the house． Each of us chose from the many pots of tomato juice, green beans and jelly． The other day I （5）_______the jelly for a quick sandwich． I suddenly（6）_______something that I had not paid attention to before． This was the last pot we would have from my mother's loving hands． Our children had never known a day without their grandmother's jelly． It seemed like such a small thing, （7）_______it was a great treasure． Holding the last pot in my hand, my （8）_______traveled back to the old days． I saw her crying on my wedding （婚礼）． I saw her （9）_______and hugging our children．I put the jelly back on the shelf． No longer was it just a pot of jelly．（10）_______it was there, my mother would always live on．（1）A angryB disappointedC pleasedD sad（2）A sisterB fatherC husbandD mother（3）A neverB alwaysC hardlyD seldom（4）A divideB sellC spareD waste（5）A ran awayB took outC threw awayD put away（6）A searchedB createdC discoveredD realized（7）A orB andC butD so（8）A hairB memoriesC handsD head（9）A beatingB pickingC kissingD spreading（10）A As long asB As far asC As well asD As soon as四、阅读理解（1-10题，每小题10分：11-15题，每小题10分．共25分）17. You may know the English letters A, B and C． But do you know there are people called ABCs? You may like eating bananas． But do you know there are such people with the name of "banana persons"? Are these people from "another planet （星球）"? No． They are just Chinese people like you and me．ABC means American﹣born﹣Chinese． An ABC is a Chinese, but was born in the United States． Sometimes, people call an ABC a "banana person"． A banana is yellow outside and white inside． So, a "banana person" is white inside ﹣﹣ thinking like a westerner and yellow outside ﹣﹣ looking like a Chinese．Do you know why? Usually, ABCs know little about China or Chinese language． Most of them don't speak Chinese． Also, they are not interested in Chinese politics （政治）． But if ABCs can't speak Chinese． can we still call them Chinese people? Yes, of course． They are Chinese． They are overseas （海外的） Chinese． These people may be citizens （公民）of other countries like the US, Canada or Singapore． But they have Chinese ________． Their parents, grandparents or even great﹣grandparents were from China． They all have black eyes and black hair． But they are not Chinese citizens． They are not people of China． For example, we all know the famous scientist C．N． Yang （杨振宁）． He got the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957． Chinese people love him． But he is an American citizen．（1）"ABC" in this passage means "________"．A a kind of banana．B three English letters．C American﹣born﹣Chinese． D Chinese﹣born﹣America．（2）Chinese born in western countries are called "banana persons" because________．A their bodies are white inside but yellow outside．B they think like westerners but look like Chinese．C they were born in China but go to study in America．D they were born in America but work in China．（3）The underlined word "blood" may probably mean________ in the passage．A 血统．B 洪水．C 血样．D 流血．（4）C． N． Yang is mentioned here to show that________．A American Chinese are great．B Chinese people can win NobelPrize． C American Chinese aren't Chinese citizens． D we don't like him．（5）This passage mainly talks about________．A Chinese．B the Nobel Prize．C the story of C．D the meaning of "ABC"．18. Nowadays, phone calls and messages help us get in touch with others． It means that we seldom write letters now． But a TV show, Letters Alive （《见字如面》）, is bringing back this old habit．Letters Alive invites famous actors and actresses, but there are no funny jokes or competitions． It's just one person walking up to a microphone and reading a letter． The letters were written by people from different times in history． For example, in one period, they read a letter written by famous writer Xiao Hong to her younger brother in 1941． The letter shows that Xiao Hong missed her brother so much and had great hopes for his future．"Every letter opens another world for us, " according to Guan Zhangwen, the director ofthe TV show． "We can also touch the heart of the writers'．" Since its first period on Dec． 5, Letters Alive has been widely praised． Many audiences （观众） said that it had provided a breath of fresh air to today's TV shows．Besides Letters Alive, some other cultural TV shows have also been well received by Chinese audiences． Chinese Poetry Conference is a traditional Chinese poetry competition． And Readers invites people to read poems and articles they like or wrote． It suggests that cultural values and true feelings are becoming our interest．（1）Letters Alive， a TV show， invites famous people to________．A tell audiences jokesB read and share lettersC walk up to a microphone tosing D take part in different competitions．（2）According to the passage， which sentence is RIGHT？________A Xiao Hong missed her brother but had no hopes for his future．B The heart of the writers' can be touched by reading letters．C Letters Alive is not popular enough to audiences．D Chinese Poetry Conference invites people to read poems．．（3）How many cultural TV shows are there in the passage？________A One．B Two．C Three．D Four．．（4）Chinese audiences________ these cultural TV shows．A likeB dislikeC show no interest inD doubt about．（5）Which is the best title for the passage？________A Phones Have Taken the Place of LettersB Welcome to Our Cultural TVShows C Letters Make Us Communicate D Cultural TV Shows Are Becoming Popular．19. 阅读短文，根据短文内容，从所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，然后完成第5题．It is probably no exaggeration （夸张） to say that, these days, anyone who uses WeChator QQ also uses memes．（1）________Memes are usually pictures or GIFs （动图） of famous people， TV and film scenes． They are often paired with a line of words explaining the pictures．（2）________Others include actor Zhou Jie shouting with anger and basketball player Yao Ming laughing but looking like crying． If there is something in common with these people，it is probable that they all have exaggerated facial expressions． Users make memes of them for fun．（3）________For some people， like youth， they can chat online only using memes without typing a single word． Sometimes this turns into a kind of competition to see who has the。

一、选择题目1．【2018年云南省】下列选项属于溶液的是A．泥水 B．白糖水 C．玉米粥 D．蒸馏水【答案】B2．【2018年重庆市B】一定温度下，向不饱和的氯化铜溶液中加入足量的下列固体，其对应关系正确的是（）A．A B．B C．C D．D【答案】D【解析】A、一定温度下，向不饱和的氯化铜溶液中加入足量的氯化铜，开始氯化铜溶质的质量分数大于零，错误；B、氢氧化钠和氯化铜反应生成氢氧化铜沉淀和氯化钠，氯化铜和氯化钠的质量比为：135:117，反应中溶液的质量变小，但不会减少到零，完全反应后，继续加入氢氧化钠，溶液的质量增加，氢氧化钠达到饱和后，溶液的质量不再改变，错误；C、锌和氯化铜反应生成铜和氯化锌，开始时，固体的质量为零，随反应的进行，固体的质量不断增加，反应后，随锌的加入，剩余固体的质量仍然增加，错误；D、氯化铜和硝酸银反应生成氯化银沉淀和硝酸铜，反应中氯化银的质量由零开始不断增加，氯化铜完全反应后，氯化银的质量不再增加，正确。

故选D。

3．【2018年云南省昆明市】把少量下列物质分别放入水中，充分搅拌，可以得到溶液的是（）A．沙子 B．食盐 C．面粉 D．橄榄油【答案】B【解析】A、沙子不溶于水，与水混合形成悬浊液，错误；B、食盐易溶于水，与水混合形成均一、稳定的混合物，属于溶液，正确；C、面粉不溶于水，与水混合形成悬浊液，错误；D、橄榄油不溶于水，与水混合形成乳浊液，错误。

故选B。

学科#网4．【2018年浙江省温州市】某“天气瓶”通过樟脑在酒精溶液中的结晶情况反映气温变化。

如图为该“天气瓶”在三种不同气温下的状况，则瓶内溶液一定为相应气温下樟脑饱和溶液的是A．甲、乙 B．甲、丙 C．乙、丙 D．甲、乙、丙【答案】C【解析】瓶内溶液一定为相应气温下樟脑饱和溶液的是乙和丙，均有未溶解的晶体。

故选C。

5．【2018年山东省潍坊市】下列物质不属于溶液的是()A．碘酒 B．矿泉水 C．白醋 D．蒸馏水【答案】D6．【2018年陕西省】规范的实验操作是实验成功的关键。

青海省西宁市中考物理真题试题第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、选择题（每小题2分，共26分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1.下列关于声音的说法中正确的是A．“隔墙有耳”说明固体也能传声 B．“震耳欲聋”主要说明明声音的音调高C．北京天坛的丘，加快了声音的传播速度，从而使人听到的声音更加洪亮D．用超声波清洗钟表等精密仪器，说明声波能传递信息2.下列实例中，属于光的折射现象的是A．日食和月食的形成 B．利用红外遥感技术监视森林火灾C．注水后的游泳池看起来池底变浅 D．用平面镜改变光的传播方向3.古语道：“人要实，火要虚”。

此话的意思是说做人要脚踏实地，才能事业有成：可燃物要架空一些，才能燃烧更旺。

“火要虚”的目的是A．增大可燃物物的热值 B．降低可燃物的着火点C．能使可燃物完全燃烧 D．提高了可燃物的利用率4．能源、信息和材料是现代社会发展的三大支柱，下列说法错误的是A．在倡导“节能环保”、“低碳生活”的今天，人类特别重视太阳能的利用B．超导材料可应用于电饭锅和远距离输电线 C. 卫星导航在传递信息过程中依靠电磁波D.光纤通信具有抗干扰、信号衰减小的特点，适用于远距离、大容量信息传输5．下图中说法错误的是A．图甲是发电机原理装置图 B．图乙是电动机原理装置图C．图丙中动圈式话筒是电流磁效应原理D．图丁是安培定则判断通电螺线管的极性6．我国计划在2025年实现首次载人登月。

已知月球上无大气、无磁场，物体在月球上所受重力只相当于地球上的1／6，假设月球表面粗糙程度与地面相同。

在月球上，你认为下列情况可能的是A．月球车行驶时所受摩擦力变小 B．用指南针确定方向C．利用降落伞降落，以确保安全落月 D．月球车可以用汽油机驱动7．图1是课木“探究电流通过导体产生的热量与导体电阻间关系”的实验装置，两个透明容器中封闭着等量的空气，电路正确连接后，通电进行实验过程中，下列说法正确的是A．左边容器电阻丝中的电流比右边容器电阻丝中的电流大B．U形管中液面高度的变化反映电阻丝产生热量的多少C．要保持两个电阻丝两端电压相等D．通电时间相同，两个容器中空气吸收的热量相同8．下列是初中物理的几个探究实验：①探究“平面镜成像的特点”；②探究“物体动能跟哪些因素有关”；③探究磁场时，引入“磁感线”；④探究“电流与电压的关系”，其中，采用了“控制变量法”的是A．①和③ B．②和③ C．①和④ D．②和④9．小明用弹簧测力计拉动木块，使它沿同一水平木板滑动，图2是他两次拉动同一木块得到的距离随时间变化的图象。

考生注意：1．本试卷满分120分，考题时间120分钟。

2．本试卷为试题卷，不允许作为答题卷使用，答题部分请在答题卡上作答，否则无效。

3．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考点、考场、座位号写在答题卡上同时填写在试卷上。

4．选择题用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的解答标号涂黑（如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他解答标号）。

非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔答在答题卡相应位置，字体工整，笔迹清楚。

第Ⅰ卷（选择题共70分）一、昕力理解（每小题1分，共20分）第一节听对话，根据对话内容选择图片。

（读一遍）1. When is the English Festival?2. Which show is the boy going to see?3. What club will Mike join?4. What is Judy’s mother?5. Where did Nancy lose her sweater?第二节听对话，根据对话内容和所给问题选择正确解答。

（读两遍）6. How long will it take Daniel to finish his homework in total?A. One hour.B. Two hours.C. Three hours.7. What is Helen’s hobby?A. Collecting toy bears.B. Reading favorite magazinesC. Listening to music.8. Which is the problem of the woman’s new house?A. There is no shop nearbyB. It is far from her office.C. It is a little noisy.9. How are the two shirts similar?A. They are the same style.B. They are made of the same material.C. They are the same price.10. Why couldn’t the woman hear the guide?A. Because the guide had a cold and could not speak loudly.B. Because many people wer spea loudly all the time.C. Beca use the guide used too many long words.第三节，听长对话，根据对话内容和所给问题选择正确解答。

青海省西宁市2018年中考英语试题第I卷(选择题)一、听力理解二、单项选择1. -- Do you like the movie Amazing China? It's ________ educational movie.-- Yes. I like it very much and I am very proud ______ our country.A. a; inB. the; inC. a: ofD. an; of2. -- Tony is only shorter than Jim, right?-- Yes, he is ________ student in his class.A. the second tallestB. the two tallestC. second tallestD. two tallest3. He can't refuse you if you ask ______.A. silentlyB. quietlyC. politelyD. loudly4. -- Hi, Tony! _________ you __________ to the newly-opened shopping mall, Tangdao 637 lately?-- Yes. I went there with my parents last week.A. Did; goB. Have: beenC. Have; goneD. Do: go5. We planned to meet at 10: 30 at the station yesterday, but Bob didn't _________ until 11: 00.B. stay upC. show upD. grow up6. --Xining, Summer Resort (夏都), has friendly people and _______ weather.-- Yes. I hope ________ more tourists coming here to enjoy their cool summer.A. a pleasant; there will beB. pleasant; there will hayC. a pleasant; there will haveD. pleasant; there will be7. Mille’s mother _________ her to be a great dancer like her.A. hopesB. warnsC. wantsD. makes8. -- Lisa, don't let _______ in. I am too busy to meet anyone this moming.-- Ok. I _________.A. nobody; willB. anybody; won'tC. somebody; don'tD. anybody; don't9. It's time to say goodbye to my school. I'll never forget the days ______ we spent together.A. thatB. whatC. whoD. when10. -- Thanks ________ our government, we can play sports on the new playground next week. -- That's for sure! And we'll have a sports meeting _________ one month.A. for; inB. to; inD. to; after11. -- Mr. Wang, I have trouble ________ the text. Could you help me?-- Certainly. First, remember _________ it three times at least. Then, I will tell you more.A. to understand; readingB. understanding; readingC. understanding; to readD. to understand; to read12. -- Don't be shy! Foreigners will not laugh at you. ________, they will encourage you. -- Thanks for your reminding and support.A. InsteadB. SoC. OrD. Nor13. We couldn't find out _______, so we wrote a "Lost and found".A. whose it was bikeB. whose bike it wasC. whose bike was itD. whose was it bike14. -- __________ big success the fashion show is!-- Yes, it's really fantastic.A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a15. -- Would you mind turning up the music?-- _________. Dad is sleeping now.A. Sorry, I can't do itB. Yes, pleaseC. No, not at all三、完形填空Our children grew up on peanut butter (花生酱) and jelly (果酱) sandwiches. The delicious jelly made them ___16___ , and homemade was the best choice. I wasn't the jelly maker in this big family. My ___17___ was. It was always there. Jelly making was just a way of life for her. She___18___ did it, following the same steps-from picking the fruit to setting the finished jelly on the shelf.In April, my mother left us forever. We decided to ___19___ potted things in the house. Each of us chose from the many pots of tomato juice, green beans and jelly. The other day I ___20___ the jelly for a quick sandwich. I suddenly ___21___ something that I had not paid attention to before. This was the last pot we would have from my mother's loving hands. Our children had never known a day without their grandmother's jelly. It seemed like such a small thing, ___22___ it was a great treasure. Holding the last pot in my hand, my ___23___ traveled back to the old days. I saw her crying on my wedding (婚礼). I saw her ___24___ and hugging our children.I put the jelly back on the shelf. No longer was it just a pot of jelly. ___25___ it was there, my mother would always live on.16. A. angry B. disappointed C. pleased D. sad17. A. sister B. father C. husband D. mother18. A. never B. always C. hardly D. seldom19. A. divide B. sell C. spare D. waste20. A. ran away B. took out C. threw away D. put away21. A. searched B. created C. discovered D. realized22. A. or B. and C. but D. so23. A. hair B. memories C. hands D. head24. A. beating B. picking C. kissing D. spreading25. A. As long as B. As far as C. As well as D. As soon as四、阅读理解AYou may know the English letters A, B and C. But do you know there are people called ABCs? You may like eating bananas. But do you know there are such people with the name of "bananapersons"? Are these people from "another planet (星球)"? No. They are just Chinese people like you and me.ABC means American-born-Chinese. An ABC is a Chinese, but was born in the United States. Sometimes, people call an ABC a "banana person". A banana is yellow outside and white inside. So, a "banana person" is white inside -- thinking like a westerner and yellow outside -- looking like a Chinese.Do you know why? Usually, ABCs know little about China or Chinese language. Most of them don't speak Chinese. Also, they are not interested in Chinese politics (政治). But if ABCs can't speak Chinese. can we still call them Chinese people? Yes, of course. They are Chinese. They are overseas (海外的) Chinese. These people may be citizens (公民) of other countries like the US, Canada or Singapore. But they have Chinese blood. Their parents, grandparents or evengreat-grandparents were from China. They all have black eyes and black hair. But they are not Chinese citizens. They are not people of China. For example, we all know the famous scientist C.N. Yang (杨振宁). He got the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. Chinese people love him. But he is an American citizen.26. "ABC" in this passage means "_________".A. a kind of bananaB. three English lettersC. American-born-ChineseD. Chinese-born-America27. Chinese born in western countries are called "banana persons" because _________.A. their bodies are white inside but yellow outsideB. they think like westerners but look like ChineseC. they were born in China but go to study in AmericaD. they were born in America but work in China28. The underlined word "blood" may probably mean _________ in the passage.A. 血统B. 洪水C. 血样D. 流血29. C. N. Yang is mentioned here to show that __________.A. American Chinese are greatB. Chinese people can win Nobel PrizeC. American Chinese aren't Chinese citizensD. we don't like him30. This passage mainly talks about _________.A. ChineseB. the Nobel PrizeC. the story of C. N. YangD. the meaning of "ABC"BNowadays, phone calls and messages help us get in touch with others. It means that we seldom write letters now. But a TV show, Letters Alive (《见字如面》), is bringing back this old habit.Letters Alive invites famous actors and actresses, but there are no funny jokes or competitions. It's just one person walking up to a microphone and reading a letter. The letters were written by people from different times in history. For example, in one period, they read a letter written by famous writer Xiao Hong to her younger brother in 1941. The letter shows that Xiao Hong missed her brother so much and had great hopes for his future."Every letter opens another world for us," according to Guan Zhangwen, the director of the TV show. "We can also touch the heart of the writers'." Since its first period on Dec. 5, Letters Alive has been widely praised. Many audiences (观众) said that it had provided a breath of fresh air to today's TV shows.Besides Letters Alive, some other cultural TV shows have also been well received by Chinese audiences. Chinese Poetry Conference is a traditional Chinese poetry competition. And Readers invites people to read poems and articles they like or wrote. It suggests that cultural values and true feelings are becoming our interest.31. Letters Alive, a TV show, invites famous people to _________.A. tell audiences jokesB. read and share lettersC. walk up to a microphone to singD. take part in different competitions32. According to the passage, which sentence is RIGHT?A. Xiao Hong missed her brother but had no hopes for his future.B. The heart of the writers' can be touched by reading letters.C. Letters Alive is not popular enough to audiences.D. Chinese Poetry Conference invites people to read poems.33. How many cultural TV shows are there in the passage?A. Or.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.34. Chinese audiences _________ these cultural TV shows.A. likeB. dislikeC. show no interest inD. doubt about35. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Phones Have Taken the Place of LettersB. Welcome to Our Cultural TV ShowsC. Letters Make Us CommunicateD. Cultural TV Shows Are Becoming PopularC阅读短文,根据短文内容,从所给选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,然后完成第60题。

中考传统应用文考查典例解析作者：温志成来源：《课外语文·中》2019年第02期“根据生活需要，写常见应用文”，这是《语文课程标准》明确提出的要求。

应用文是人们生活中最实用的一种文体，其使用范围几乎涉及社会生活的各个方面。

由于应用文最能直观体现语文工具性这一特点，近年来各地中考对应用文的考查权重呈现日益增加的趋势。

下面笔者就2018年全国各地中考出现的传统应用文考查典型试题作一分类解读。

例1.（贵州遵义卷）八年级（3）班开展“遵义旅游资源调查”综合性学习活动。

老师准备儿童节开展本次主题的交流展示活动，要求全班同学参加。

下面是语文小组写的一则通知，请找出三处错误。

通知全班同学：请大家于6月1日下午到学校礼堂参加语文老师开展的活动，望大家做好准备，准时参加。

2018年5月30日八（3）班语文小组【解析】活动通知在日常生活中应用相当广泛，对“通知”这种应用文体的考查在各地中考中也年年出现。

通知的格式主要包括标题（居中）、称谓（要顶格。

有时因通知事项简短、内容单一，书写时可略去称谓直起正文）、正文（首行空两格）、落款（含通知方及通知日期，各占一行，居右）等部分，其中正文部分一定要写清楚活动的时间、地点、参加对象及活动的主要内容等。

例1这则通知在格式与内容上均有错误，其中格式上有三处错误：一是标题“通知”要居中，二是“全班同学”称谓要顶格，三是落款署名和时间位置颠倒;内容上有两处错误：一是没有写活动的具体时间;二是没有写出活动主题。

例2.（山东德州卷）本假条有诸多错误，请至少找出四处并改正。

请假条尊敬的张老师：为了体会“日啖荔枝三百颗，不辞长作岭南人”的深意，我昨天吃多了荔枝，得了急性肠胃炎，在医院要进行抽血化验;肠胃镜检查和输液治疗。

从今天起向您请假，大约三天左右。

请务必批准。

请假人：王佳2018年5月10日【解析】请假条作为我们日常生活中常用的应用文体，一般用于因为有事耽误或生病不能参加工作、学习、活动等事务而做出的请假文书。

青海省西宁市2018年中考英语真题试题考生注意：1.本试卷满分120分,考试时间120分钟。

2.本试卷为试题卷,不允许作为答题卷使用,答题部分请在答题卡上作答,否则无效。

3.答题前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考点、考场、座位号写在答题卡上,同时填写在试卷上。

4.选择题用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑(如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号)。

非选择题用0.5毫米的黑色签字笔答在答题卡相应位置,字体工整,笔迹清楚。

第I卷 (选择题共70分)一、听力理解(每小题1分,共20分)第一节听对话,根据对话内容和所给问题,选择正确图片。

(读一遍)1. What's wrong with Peter?2. Where does the woman's brother work?3. How does the girl usually go to the piano class?4. Which festival are they talking about?5. Which one is NOT Tony's way to study English?第二节听对话,根据对话内容和所给问题,选择正确答案。

(读两遍)6. Who is the writer of the book?A. Deng Wen.B. J.K. Rowling.C. Mary.7. How will the man help the sick kids?A. Give them money.B. Clean up the hospital.C. Help them with their schoolwork.8. What does the woman think of the emperor?A. She doesn't like him at all.B. She loves him.C. She doesn't mind him.9. How old is Alexis now?A. Ten.B. Twelve.C. Twenty-two.10. How many countries are mentioned in the dialog?A. Five.B. Six.C. Seven.第三节听长对话,根据对话内容和所给问题,选择正确答案。

一、选择题目1．【2018年河南省】下列各组元素中，元素符号的第一个字母不相同的一组是( )A．锰、钛 B．氩、金 C．铅、铂 D．氦、汞2．【2018年山东省潍坊市】人体缺铁会引起缺铁性贫血。

这里“铁”一般是指()A．元素 B．单质 C．原子 D．分子3．【2018年重庆市A】碳12是指含6个中子的碳原子。

下列对氧16和氧18两种氧原子的说法正确的是A．质子数相同 B．质量相同 C．电子数不相同 D．16和18表示原子个数4．【2018年浙江省绍兴市】国际上有铟等7种元素的相对原子质量采用了我国科学家张青莲测的数据。

由图可知铟元素A．是非金属元素 B．质子数为49C．相对原子质量是114.8克 D．与其他元素根本区别是中子数不同5．【2018年山东省烟台市】关于下列五种粒子结构示意图的说法中正确的是()A．①④属于不同种元素 B．②⑤属于金属元素C．④⑤均具有稳定结构 D．①③两种粒子可以形成化合物MgCl26．【2018年山东省潍坊市】2017年9月，我国成功提纯了“超级金属”铼。

铼在元素周期表中信息如图所示。

下列说法不正确的是()A．原子序数为75 B．原子的核外电子数为75C．元素符号为Re D．相对原子质量为186.2g7．【2018年陕西省】在“宏观-微观-符号”之间建立联系是化学学科特有的思维方式。

对下列图示信息的分析不正确的是A．硅单质是制造芯片的重要材料，图①是硅原子的结构示意图B．图②对应的元素属于金属元素C．图②④对应元素组成的化合物是由分子构成的D．若图③中x的值为8,则其粒子符号为O2-8．【2018年湖北省黄石市】小明从下列某粒于结构示意图中，获取了下列信息，其中错误的是A．表示阴离子 B．核电荷数为12 C．有两个电子层 D．表示相对稳定结构9．【2018年山东省滨州市】下表列出了部分元素原子结构示意图。

下列叙述错误的是A．在不显电性的情况下，表中m的值为7B．如果失去第三层电子，上表空格内的微粒符号可表示为Mg2+C．上表中所列元素在元素周期表中属于同一周期D．钠原子在化学反应中易得电子10．【2018年内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市】铷元素在元素周期表中的信息与铷原子结构示意图如图所示，下列说法不正确的是（）A．m=37，n=1 B．铷原子的相对原子质量是85.468C．氧化铷的化学式为RbO D．铷原子的质量主要由构成其原子核的质子和中子的质量决定11．【2018年湖北省宜昌市】单晶硅是信息技术和新能源开发的基础材料。

专题05 表达简明连贯得体1．【2018年中考广西桂林卷】下面语句的排列顺序恰当的一项是（）①显然过于狭隘和短视，不宜提倡。

②这样的立志，既有利于社会进步，又可充分发挥个人的积极性与特长，值得大力倡导。

③何谓立志，如何立志？答案见仁见智，人言人殊。

④在这个大前提下寻找个人的兴趣点，然后确定志向。

⑤一些人立志只注重个人利益，或者纯凭个人志趣。

⑥一些人在立志时则首先考虑国家和人民的需要。

A．③⑤①⑥④②B．③⑥④②⑤①C．⑤④①⑥②③D．⑤①④⑥②③【答案】A【解析】本题考查句子排序能力。

解答此类题，一般通过抓关键词、中心句、句与句之间的连接词去逐句推敲。

要求学生平时加强阅读领悟能力的培养，具备较强的逻辑分析能力，句段的表达顺序主要有空间顺序、时间顺序、事情发展顺序、逻辑推理顺序等。

本题按照议论文总分的论证方法排序，A项正确，③提出问题，⑤①介绍错误的立志方法，⑥④②介绍正确的立志方法。

2．【2018年中考广西柳州卷】填入下面横线上的句子，排列顺序最恰当．．．的一项是谈到桔梗花，朝鲜族人民对其特别有感情①我国的很多地方用桔梗花制作腌菜，颇具风味，并深得人们的喜爱。

②在中医的眼里，桔梗花还是一种中药材，其药用价值在《本草纲目》中有详细记载。

③桔梗原产我国，全国各地都有生产。

④桔梗也可以酿酒，制作糕点，种子可榨食用油。

A．③②①④B．①③④②C．③①④②D．①②④③【答案】C3．【2018年中考广西梧州卷】给下列句子排序，最恰当的一项是（）①“四书”之一的《大学》里这样说：一个人教育的出发点是“格物”和“致知”。

②在中国传统教育里，最重要的书是“四书”③现代学术的基础就是实地的探察，就是我们现在所谓的实验。

④就是说，从探察物体而得到知识。

⑤用这两个词语描写现代学术发展是再恰当没有了。

A．②①③④⑤B．③①②④⑤C．②①④⑤③D．①②④③⑤【答案】C4．【2018年中考广西玉林卷】阅读下面文字，完成小题语文老师在“新闻探究学习”课上说：同学们，一周前，我已布置各位同学收集并阅读半年来国内外的重要新闻，推荐10则你最关注的新闻作品。

一、选择题目1．【2018年黑龙江省哈尔滨市】下列叙述错误的是A．元素周期表有7个周期16个族B．贵重设备、精密仪器失火最好用水基型灭火器灭火C．使用脱硫煤可以减少酸雨的产生D．我国科学院院士张青莲为相对原子质量的测定作出了卓越的贡献【答案】B【解析】A．元素周期表有7个周期16个族，正确；B．贵重设备、精密仪器失火最好用液态二氧化碳灭火器灭火，错误；C．使用脱硫煤可以减少二氧化硫的排放，减少酸雨的产生，正确；D．我国科学院院士张青莲为相对原子质量的测定作出了卓越的贡献，正确。

故选B。

2．【2018年重庆市A】纳米铁粉在空气中能自燃并生成一种红色氧化物。

对比铁丝在空气中不能燃烧，而在氧气中能剧烈燃烧的事实，某同学得出的下列结论不正确的是A．纳米铁粉在空气中自燃的产物不是四氧化三铁B．相同的反应物在不同条件下生成物可能不同C．有些物质燃烧时温度不需要达到着火点D．反应物间的接触面积大小是反应能否发生的因素之一【答案】C3．【2018年云南省昆明市】下列说法错误的是（）A．夜晚发现家中燃气泄漏要立即开灯检查B．在加油站、加气站使用手机可能引发燃烧、爆炸C．逃离火灾现场时，可用湿毛巾捂住口鼻，并尽量贴近地面逃离D．炒菜时，燃气灶的火焰呈黄色，锅底出现黑色物质，此时可将灶具的进风口调大【答案】A【解析】A、燃气属于可燃性气体，与空气的混合气体，遇电火花可能会发生爆炸，所以夜间发现家中煤气泄漏，不能立即开灯，应该立即关闭阀门并开窗通风，错误；B、在加油站附近的空气中弥漫着可燃性气体，与空气混合，接打手机产生的电火花可能会引燃甚至引起爆炸，正确；C、湿毛巾有类似防毒面具作用，用湿毛巾捂住口鼻能防止吸入燃烧时生成的烟尘；气体受热，密度变小，有毒气体上升聚集在高处，故要尽量贴近地面逃离，正确；D、炒菜时，燃气灶的火焰呈黄色，锅底出现黑色物质，是由于燃气燃烧不充分造成的，此时可将灶具的进风口调大，以利于燃气充分燃烧，正确。

青海省西宁市2018年中考物理真题试题第Ⅰ卷（选择题）一、选择题（每小题2分，共26分。

每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1.下列关于声音的说法中正确的是A．“隔墙有耳”说明固体也能传声 B．“震耳欲聋”主要说明明声音的音调高C．北京天坛的丘，加快了声音的传播速度，从而使人听到的声音更加洪亮D．用超声波清洗钟表等精密仪器，说明声波能传递信息2.下列实例中，属于光的折射现象的是A．日食和月食的形成 B．利用红外遥感技术监视森林火灾C．注水后的游泳池看起来池底变浅 D．用平面镜改变光的传播方向3.古语道：“人要实，火要虚”。

此话的意思是说做人要脚踏实地，才能事业有成：可燃物要架空一些，才能燃烧更旺。

“火要虚”的目的是A．增大可燃物物的热值 B．降低可燃物的着火点C．能使可燃物完全燃烧 D．提高了可燃物的利用率4．能源、信息和材料是现代社会发展的三大支柱，下列说法错误的是A．在倡导“节能环保”、“低碳生活”的今天，人类特别重视太阳能的利用B．超导材料可应用于电饭锅和远距离输电线 C. 卫星导航在传递信息过程中依靠电磁波D.光纤通信具有抗干扰、信号衰减小的特点，适用于远距离、大容量信息传输5．下图中说法错误的是A．图甲是发电机原理装置图 B．图乙是电动机原理装置图C．图丙中动圈式话筒是电流磁效应原理D．图丁是安培定则判断通电螺线管的极性6．我国计划在2025年实现首次载人登月。

已知月球上无大气、无磁场，物体在月球上所受重力只相当于地球上的1／6，假设月球表面粗糙程度与地面相同。

在月球上，你认为下列情况可能的是A．月球车行驶时所受摩擦力变小 B．用指南针确定方向C．利用降落伞降落，以确保安全落月 D．月球车可以用汽油机驱动7．图1是课木“探究电流通过导体产生的热量与导体电阻间关系”的实验装置，两个透明容器中封闭着等量的空气，电路正确连接后，通电进行实验过程中，下列说法正确的是A．左边容器电阻丝中的电流比右边容器电阻丝中的电流大B．U形管中液面高度的变化反映电阻丝产生热量的多少C．要保持两个电阻丝两端电压相等D．通电时间相同，两个容器中空气吸收的热量相同8．下列是初中物理的几个探究实验：①探究“平面镜成像的特点”；②探究“物体动能跟哪些因素有关”；③探究磁场时，引入“磁感线”；④探究“电流与电压的关系”，其中，采用了“控制变量法”的是A．①和③ B．②和③ C．①和④ D．②和④9．小明用弹簧测力计拉动木块，使它沿同一水平木板滑动，图2是他两次拉动同一木块得到的距离随时间变化的图象。

2018届青海省西宁市城区中考语文试卷-真题(附答案)2018年青海省西宁市城区初中毕业暨升学考试语文试卷考生注意1．本试卷满分120分，考试时间150分钟2．本试卷为试题卷，不允许作为答题卷使用，答题部分请在答题卡上作答，否则无效。

3．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考点、考场、座位号写在答题卡上，时填写在试卷上4．选择题用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑（如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号）。

非选择题用0．5毫米的黑色签字笔答在答题卡相应位置，字体工整，笔迹清楚。

一、语文基础知识及运用（共25分）1．下列词语中加点字的注音全都正确的一项是（）A．嶙．峋（lín）枯涸．（gù）静谧．（mì）忍俊不禁．（jīn）B，菜畦．（qí）炽．痛（chì）剽．悍（biāo）戛．然而止（jiá）C．执法部门的严厉打击有效地遏制了食品市场上不法分子锐不可当．．．．的造假势头，极大地净化了西宁市的食品市场。

D．我们在引用他人著作中的语句时，首先要理解所引用语句的原意，切不可不顾上下文的联系断章取义．．．．为我所用。

4．下列病句修改不正确的一项是（）A．我们认真讨论并学习了《中学生日常行为规范》。

（删去“认真”。

）B．通过老师和同学的帮助，使我的学习成绩有了很大的提高。

（删去“通过”或“使”。

）C．能否制订一个合理的复习计划是中考取得满意成绩的前提。

（删去“能否”。

或在“取得”前加“能否”。

）D．回眸改革开放的发展历程，我们每个中国人无不为其取得的成绩而由衷叹息。

（将“叹息”改为“赞叹”。

）5．给下列新闻拟写标题最恰当的一项是（）本报讯（记者王紫）记者从省文化新闻出版厅了解到，国家文化和旅游部近日公布了1082名第五批国家级非物质文化遗产项目代表性传承人名单，我省31位民间艺人位列其中，至此，我省巳有国家级非物质文化遗产项目代表性传承人共88人，居西北地区第二位。