引导定语从句的关系代词that和which，在一般情况下，不管关系代词在从句中作主语或宾语都可替换使用。例如：
He bought a mobile phone that／which looks like a lighter．（作主语）他买了一个样子像打火机的手机。
I've found the book that／which he lost three days ago．（作宾语）我找到了他三天前丢的那本书。
但在下面几种情况下，引导定语从句的关系代词只能用that，而不用which：
1．先行词是复合不定代词everything，anything，nothing等时。例如：
She didn't forget anything that her mother had told her to buy．她没忘记妈妈让她买的任何东西。
注意：先行词是something时，关系代词用that或which都可以。例如：
I want to buy something that／ which the old men like to eat．我想买点老人喜欢吃的东西。
2．先行词被序数词或the last修饰时。例如：
This is the first textbook that I studied in the primary school．这是我在小学学的第一本教科书。
He is in the last row that is next to the window．他在挨着窗户的最后一排。
3．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。例如：
That is the highest building that I have seen．那是我见到过的最高的大楼。
Have you worked out the most difficult maths problem that our teacher told us to do？你解出老师让我们做的那道最难的数学题了吗？
4．先行词是或被all，no，some，any，little，much等修饰时。例如：
I've written down all that（＝ what）the teacher doesn't allow us to do．我已记下了老师不允许我们做的一切事情。
They haven't got any dictionaries that we need．他们没有我们所需要的任何字典。
5．先行词被the only，the very，the same等修饰时。例如：
This is the very novel that you want to borrow．这就是你想借的那本小说。
注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。例如：
I need the same dictionary that／as you have．我需要同你的一样的字典。
关于as的用法，我们以后在高中阶段还会学到。
6．先行词是两个或多个分别表示人和物的名词时。例如：
He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard．他给我们讲了我们从没听到过的人和事。
7．主句是以who，which引导的特殊疑问句时。例如：
Who is the man that you spoke to just now？你刚才跟他说话的那个人是谁？
Which is the book that you want to borrow？你想要借的书是哪一本？
8．先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：
China is no longer the country that it used to be．中国再不是以前那样的国家了。
关系代词 ?1、关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如： The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom 既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。） 2、关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见表： ?例如： This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。 (whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语) He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书。 （which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略） ★关系代词的用法 1、关系代词的句法功能 1）关系代词在句中作主语 例如：I prefer music that/which has great lyrics 2）关系代词在句中作宾语 例如：I like music that I can sing along with. 3）关系代词在句中作表语 例如：The house is not the one (that) it used to be. 2、关系代词在从句中作名词的定语 例如：Is she the teacher whose hair is very short? 3、关系代词的用法 1）who和whom的用法：二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom 在定语从句中作宾语。Whom在从句中能坐介词的宾语，而who则不能。 例如：I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday. 2）whose的用法：一般指人，有时也指物。在定语从句中作定语。 例如：I have got a friend whose brother is training for the Olymoics. 3）which的用法：一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、偶尔作定语。 例如：The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min. 4）that的用法：指人或物，指人时可与who、whom互换，指物时可与that互换。在从句中可作主语、宾语，还可作表语。
.在there + be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。例如： There are two novels that I want to read. 我要读的有两本小说。 There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。 2.当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。例如： This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。 3.以Here is (are)开头的句子时。例如： Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。 4.It is (high)time +定语从句中。例如： It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。 It is high time that they started out. 他们该动身了。 5.当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。例如： This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。 She admired the way in which I answered the questions. 她羡慕我回答问题的方式。 6.在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。例如： He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。 My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn’t far from here. 我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。 7.当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。例如： This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。 The only book I want to read is missing. 我唯一想看的书不见了。 8.在强调句子中，并且以who ,which, what开头时。例如： Who was it that was lost ? 究竟是谁迷路了？（此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复。） What was it that you did last week? 你上周究竟做什么了？ 9.当先行词有序数词时。例如： You are the first person that I want to ask for.你是我要见的第一个人。This is the second book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。 10.当先行词被all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both等修饰时，例如： This is all that I want to say at the meeting.这就是我在会上要说的。Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值的看的书吗？ 11.当先行词既指人又指物时。例如： The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them .
that常用作关系代词，可指代某人，也可指代某物，指物时有的时候可用which替换that，指人时可用who替换。但在下列情况下，一般用that。 一、that指代某物事时 1.先行词为all, few, little, much, the one, something, anything, everything, nothing等时。如： 2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, (a)few, (a)little, much等限定词修饰时。如： 3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如： 4. 先行词被the only, the very, the right, the last 等修饰时。如： 5. 先行词是并列结构，既有人又有物时。如： 6. 先行词前有the same 修饰，表示和先行词是同一物时。如： 注：如果表示的是与先行词同一类或相似的某物，则用the same…as….如： 7. 先行词为数词时。
8. 如果which引导的定语从句中又含有一个定语从句，为避免重复，第二个定语从句用that。如： 9. 以which作主语开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复，定语从句用that。如。 10. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，而且通常省略。如： 11. 关系代词在there be 句型中作主语时,而且常可以省略。如： 二、that 指代某人时。 1. 泛指某人时。如： 2. 主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊问句，为了避免重复时。如： 3. 先行词前有the same时。如： 4. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如： 另外，that也可用作关系副词，表示时间、地点、原因和方式，在口语中可以用来代替when, where, why 引导的定语从句。在以下名词day, year, time, moment, reason, place等作先行词时，可用that作关系副词引导定语从句。如：
关系代词的用法 The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020
关系代词的用法 关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语等。常用的关系代词有who ,whom ,whose, that, which, as等 关系代词有三个作用：代替先行词；在定语从句中做句子成分；连接先行词与定语从句 This is an old computer 。it works much slower 这是一台老式电脑。它工作起来速度较慢 This is an old computer which∕ that works much slower 这是一台工作速度较慢的老电脑。 普通代词只起替代作用，如在上例中it替代an old computer ,而关系代词除可以替代an old computer 外，还可以引导定语从句 those who break the rules shall be punished 违反制度的人将会受到惩罚 who∕whom的用法：两者都可指人。Who在定语从句中做主语，宾语，表语，whom在主语从句中做宾语，表语。Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those who don’t 每天喝超过两杯咖啡的妇女与那些不喝这么多的咖啡的妇女相比患心脏病的可能性要大 In this accident ,the number of people who died reached as many as 25 在这次事故中，死亡人数多达25
定语从句中which和that用法 在定语从句中，which 和that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样。 一、宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情况. ①先行词为不定代词all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one 等 1. We should do all that is useful to the people. 2. There's nothing that can be said about it. 3. Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday ②先行词被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等词修饰时。 1 .The only thing that we could do was to wait. 2 .That's the very word that is wrongly used. 3 .The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works. 4 .You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free. 5 .I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them. ③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。 1. When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake. 2. This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. ④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。 1. This is the best that can be done now. 2. The most important thing that should be done right now is how to stop him from going on. ⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that. 如： writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known . rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police. ⑥被修饰词为数词时. 1. Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .
定语从句关系代词只能用that的情况 1.在there + be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。 例如： There are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。 There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。 2.当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。 例如： This is the book that was bought yesterday.这就是昨天买的书。 Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。 3.以Here is (are)开头的句子时。 例如： Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。 Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。 4.It is (high)time +定语从句中。 例如： It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。 It is high time that they started out. 他们该动身了。 5.当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。 例如： This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。 She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羡慕我回答问题的方式。 6.在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that 引导。 例如： He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.他是我曾经看到过跳得最高的学生。 My brother studies in the school which is the most beautiful in our city that isn't far from here. 我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。 7.当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。 例如： This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。 The only book I want to read is missing. 我唯一想看的书不见了。 8.在强调句子中，并且以who ,which, what开头时。 例如： Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了？（此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复。）What was it that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了？
英语中关系代词用法 1）关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。） 2）关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见表： 限定性非限定性限定性 指人指物指人或指物 主格who which that 宾格 whom that that 属格 whose of which/whose of which/whose 例如： This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。
(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语) He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书。（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略） 3）关系代词which的先行词可以是一个句子，例如： He said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。 说明：关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略，例如： I've forgotten much of the Latin I once knew. 我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。 He's changed. He's not the man he was. 他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。
定语从句中的that和which的用法 引导定语从句的关系代词有：that（指人或物）,which （指物）,who (指人）.指人时可用that或who ；指物时可用that 或which 。 That和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语，做宾语时可以省略。指物时，两者一般可以互换，但在下列情况下只能用that： 1）当先行词是all ,any ,anything ,everything ,nothing 或被它们修饰时.例如： Is there anything that I can do for you 有什么可以为你做的吗? All that can be done must be done . 凡是能做的都必须做. 2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时.例如：That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop . 那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一. The first thing that we should do is to get some food . 我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的. 3）当先行词有：the only ,the very ,the same ,the last 等修饰时.例如：
My necklace is not the only thing that's missing . 我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西. 4）当主句以who或which开头时,定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或who .以避免重复.例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat 正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁? 5）当先行词既有人又有物时,用that .例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known . 你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名. 请注意: 以下几种只能使用which的情况: 1.引导非限制性定语从句，用which。 2.在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。 如：The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that，例如：This is the question which/that we've had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we've had so much discussion.
定从中只用That不用which的情况 1.在there + be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。例如：There are two novels that I want to read.我要读的有两本小说。There is no work that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。 2.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时 3.以Here is (are)开头的句子时。例如： Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。 Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。 4.It is (high)time +定语从句中。例如： It is time that we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。 It is high time that they started out. 他们该动身了。 5.当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。例如： This is the way that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作 的方式。 She admired the way in which I answered the questions.她羡慕我 回答问题的方式。 6.在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。例如： He is the student that I have ever see who can jump highest.他是我曾
关系代词 1、关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如： The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin. 跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom 既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。） 2、关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见表： 指人指物指人或物 主格who which that 宾格who m that that 属格whos e whose/of which of which/whose 例如： This is the pencil whose point is broken. 这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。 (whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语) He came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回来取他丢下的书。 （which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）
★关系代词的用法 1、关系代词的句法功能 1）关系代词在句中作主语 例如：I prefer music that/which has great lyrics 2）关系代词在句中作宾语 例如：I like music that I can sing along with. 3）关系代词在句中作表语 例如：The house is not the one (that) it used to be. 2、关系代词在从句中作名词的定语 例如：Is she the teacher whose hair is very short? 3、关系代词的用法 1）who和whom的用法：二者都用于指人。Who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom 在定语从句中作宾语。Whom在从句中能坐介词的宾语，而who则不能。 例如：I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party in the shopping center yesterday. 2）whose的用法：一般指人，有时也指物。在定语从句中作定语。 例如：I have got a friend whose brother is training for the Olymoics. 3）which的用法：一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、偶尔作定语。 例如：The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min. 4）that的用法：指人或物，指人时可与who、whom互换，指物时可与that
关系代词that 的用法 (1)不用that的情况 (a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。 (错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here. (b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from. (2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 (a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 (b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 (c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。 (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。 (f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时． (g) 为了避免重复． (h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略 (i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时 举例：Is this the book that you borrowed in the library? 这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？ Who that break the window should be punished．谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．
定语从句中的that和which的区别： that和which在从句里都可以做宾语和主语，做宾语时可以省略。在定语从句中,有种说法叫"关宾省",意思是关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语可以省略,不管是that，which，还是whom。但是which能引导非限制性定语从句，that则不行。 只能用that的几种情况： 1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。We should do all that is useful to the people. Please tell me anything that you know about the matter. 2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。 You can take any seat that is free. There is little work that is fit for you. 3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to my mind is Beijing. This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term. 4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 The best that I could do was to apologize. This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read. 5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。 This is the very book that I’m looking for. The only thing that we could do was to wait. 注意：先行词被the same修饰时，关系代词也可用as。 I need the same book that / as you have. 6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。 They are talking of the heroines and their deeds that interest them. 7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。 Who that has ever worked together with him doesn’t admire him? Which is the star that is nearer to the earth？ 8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。 That’s a good book that will help you a lot. Our school is no longer the place that it used to be. 9. 先行词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。当表示时间，可用that 或when引导，都可省略。 I do remember the first time(that) I had ever heard the sweetest voice in the world. I did't remember the exact time （when/that）I arrived in Shanghai last month. 只能使用which的情况: 1. 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。 The house in which we live is very large. This is the reference book（参考书）of which the teacher is speaking. 注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that。 This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 2. 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时，关系代词通常只用which而不用that。 You should grasp well those skills which may be used in the future work.
只能用that 的情况： 1. 先行词为不定代词all, much, everything, nothing, none, the one 2. 先行词被only, any, few, little, no ,just, very, one of 修饰 3. 先行词被序数词或就是序数词时 4. 先行词是最高级 5. 先行词既是人又是物 6. 先行词是次数时two, ten, a hundred 7. 两从句一个已用which ，另一个用that,避免重复 8. 疑问词是who/which,宜用that 9. 主句there be 10. 被修饰部分为表语or 关系代词本身是定从的表语时：主+be+n./adj. ; 主+系+adj. 只能用which 的情况： 1. 介词后 2. 非限制性定从 3. 当关系词后带插入语时 只能用who 的情况: 1. 先行词为anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people 2. 非限制性定从 3. There be 先行词为way 时，定从常用that, in which, how, that. that 可省 As 的用法： 正如……As 是关系代词，代替整个句子，在后面的句子中充当动词know 的宾语。 He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent. 如为限制定从，多用于the same…as, such…as…, as many/much as, so as I have the same book as you (have). Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. I live in the same house that he used to live in. I’m wearing the same shirt as you were yesterday. 非限制定从中，as 常至于句首。 As we all know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. as 做主语 as is well known (to us) as was mentioned before as could be expected as could be judged from her eyes as may be seen from the book as is recounted in his stories
关系代词which用法说明 1.既可引导限制性定语从句，也可用作非限制性定语从句。如： This is the photo (that) I took. 这就是我拍的照片。 The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。 2. which引导定语从句时，它在从句中主要用作主语或宾语，但有时也可用作定语， 在意义上大致相当于this或that。如： We told him to consult the doctor, which advice he took. 我们叫他去看医生，他听取了我们的劝告。 He is studying economics, which knowledge is very important today. 他学经济学，这种知识现今很重要。 注意，它与用作定语的关系代词whose用法不同——whose引导定语从句时，它在意 义上大致相当于one’s。如： Wolves are highly social animals whose success depends upon cooperation. 狼是高度群体 化的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。 3.关系代词which原则上只指物，不指人；指人要用who。但是，有时指的不是具体的某人，而是指人的属性（如职业、身份、地位、职务、品质、特征等），则要用which 而不用who。如： He talked like a scholar, which he was not. 他说起话来像个学者，其实他没什么学问。 She talked like a native, which she hardly was. 她说起话来像是个本地人，其实她不见得是。 They accused him of being a traitor, which he was. 他们指控他是叛徒，他真是叛徒。 4.注意不要一看到句前有逗号，就以为一定要用which来引导非限制性定语从句。如以下几句逗号后的that均不能换成which（原因是逗号前的句子为状语从句）：If a book is in English, that means slow progress for you. 如果一本书是用英语写的，那就意味着你要读慢些。 If he’s only interested in your looks, that just shows how shallow he is. 如果他只对你的相 貌感兴趣，那就说明他相当浅薄。 When I say two hours, that includes time for eating. 我说两小时，那是包括了吃饭的时间。
定语从句中只能使用that的情况 1.当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。 例：Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能给你做点什么吗? 2.当先行词为all，any，much，many词时，只能使用“that”。 例：Tom told her mother all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。 3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。 例：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。 4.当先行词是序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”。 例：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。 5.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that”。 例：This will be the last chance that he can get. 这将会是他得到的唯一机会。 He is the only person that can help you out. 他是唯一能帮你的人。 6.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that”。
例：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。 7.当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that”。 例：Which is the book that he bought from the library yesterday? 哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书？
定语从句中关系代词“that”和“which”的用法之别 【摘要】定语从句是初中英语中的一个重要语法点，它既是历年来中考的语法重点，也是学生们难学的一个语法难点。为了使学生更好地掌握这语法知识，现用英语与汉语相结合的形式将“定语从句中关系代词’that’和’which’的用法之别”进行归纳与总结，便于学者参考。 【关键词】定语从句;关系代词;that ;which ;区别 定语从句是初中英语中的一个重要语法点，它既是历年来中考的语法重点，也是学生们难学的一个语法难点。为了使学生更好地掌握这语法知识，现将定语从句中关系代词“that”和“which”的用法之别浅析如下。 1 在下列情况下，一般用引导词that，不用which． 1.1 指物，先行词为all，few，much，little，none，the one以及由some，any，no，every等构成的不定代词时，宜用that，不用which．如： ①．Our English teacher wants to teach us all that he knows． 我们的英语老师想把他所知道的都教给我们。 ②．The few of hundreds of new records that are produced each week get into the chart． 每周推出的数以万计的新唱片中没有几张能进入每周的流行榜。 ③．The much that Chairman Mao said has influenced me a lot． 毛主席说的那些话对我们影响很大。 ④．The little that the doctor gave me that day has really worked． 医生那天给我的那点微量的药确实生效了。 ⑤．I’d like to tell you something that I’m interested in． 我想把我感兴趣的事告诉你。 ⑥．Please tell me anything that you know about the matter． 有关此事，凡是你知道的请告诉我。
关系代词that 的用法 一、当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时 e.g. (1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little (that) I can do for you. (注意1：部分时候that可以省略，如部分例句将that用括号括住。 注意2：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who) 二、当先行词被序数词修饰 e.g. The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 三、当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 e.g. This is the best film that I have seen. 四、当形容词被, the only，the same, the last 修饰时 e.g. (1) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. （当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who ） (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 五、当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 e.g. (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 关系代词who 人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系 代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. whose 人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略