商务英语中的平行结构及其翻译

论文题目： 商务英语中的平行结构及其翻译 Parallelism and Its Translation in Business English 课题目的、意义及相关研究动态：

课题目的： 平行结构是一种商务英语经常使用的修辞手段和表达方法，在商务英语中广泛使用。本课题在通过对商务英语中平行结构的研究和分析，找到准确翻译商务英语中平行结构的原则和方法。 课题意义： 在经济全球化、教育国际化的今天，英语是竞争力，因此学习和掌握商务英语是很重要的。在商务英语中，平行结构的使用是很普遍的，了解英语的平行结构及其翻译，将有助于学好并掌握商务英语。 相关研究动态：我国国内有许多研究平行结构的文章，如王益民的《论英语平行结构的翻译》，提出了英语平行结构常用的翻译方法：陈丽的《英汉平行结构对比在翻译中的应用》则参照英汉语在平行结构方面的可比框架，总结归纳了此可比框架对英汉平行结构翻译的启示。但是把平行结构与商务英语中的应用与翻译》虽然提及了此方面，却没有说明具体的商务英语中平行结构的翻译方法。 课题的主要内容、创新之处：

课题的主要内容：本文分析了商务英语句子中平行结构的组成，探讨了平行结构的内容和形式特点，提出了商务英语句子中的平行结构翻译原则并通过实例阐述了平行结构的翻译方法。 创新之处： 本论题不仅在理论上陈述了商务英语中平行结构的组成、内容和形式特点，而且着重结实例分析了商务英语中平行结构的翻译和其翻译方法。

摘要 近年来，随着全球经济一体化的发展，国际商务日益频繁，商务英语在国际社会中发挥上越来越重要的作用，商务英语的翻译也越来越重要。平行结构是一种商务英语经常使用的修辞手段和表达方式，在商务英语中使用广泛。研究平行结构，并了解其翻译方法，对学习和掌握商务英语会很大的帮助，但如何将商务英语中的平行结构译成贴切的汉语，有时候并非是一件易事。本文文分析了商务英语句子中平行结构的组成，提出了商务英语句子中的平行结构翻译原则，并通过实例阐述了平行结构的翻译方法。

关键词：平行结构；翻译；商务英语 Abstract Recently with the globalization of economy,international business has become more and more frequent and business English is playing an increasingly vital role in the international community.Hence the business translation is becoming more and more important.Parallelism,as a common and effective rhetoric method,expressing teo or more juxtaposed elements in the same or similar grammatical structure, is widely used in business English. A study of parallel structure and its corresponding translation methods is for sure conductive to the learning and mastery of business English. But a good translation of parallelism in business English is no easy thing. The paper analyses the forms of parallelism,puts forward the translation principles of parallelism and elaborates the translation methods of parallelism with some examples.

Key words: parallelism; translation; business English Introduction From ancient to now, many researchers in China and abroad have contributed a lot to English translation, such as Yan FU, Lu Xun, XUYuanchong, Nida and so on . However, most of there traditional Chinese translation theories focus on literary translation and ignore business translation. Nowadays there is a rapid development in business English translation in China,but few books systematically concentrate on business English translation. It is urgent for Chinese researchers to do more in this field. Parallelism is an important an widely uses expression in business English. It has some forms in business English, such as lexical parallelism, phrasal parallelism, syntactical parallelism. Business English is a variety of English concerned with such economic affairs within or outside a country as international trade, international marketing, economics, finance, accounting, law, administration, and so on. As an applied style, business English has its own stylistic characteristics,.when translating parallelism in business English three important translation principles “faithfulness”, “exactness” and “consistency” should be followed. This thesis, from a comparatively practical point, attempts to combine the features of business English with the study of parallelism translation with an aim to provide some pracitical methods for translation in translating parallelism in business English.

Chapter1 Overview of Business English and Parallelism

1.1 Fundanmentals of Business English 1.1.1Definition of Business English Business English is rather difficult to define and is traditionally limited in linguistic terms. In general, business English is a variety of English concerned with such economic affairs within or outside a country as international trade, international marketing economics, finance, accounting, law, administration, and so on. And business English can be defined as: (1) English that has direct relation with business, which is the narrowest definition. (2) English that has relation with fields such as economic managements and law, etc. (3) English that is beyond personal relationship, which is the broadest definition. (4) English that is used in analyzing the features of English in business register, making business training plans, choosing and compiling textbooks, but it does not mean that everything can be included. According to Nick Briger, an English expert on business English, the following aspects all fall into the category of business English, that is, “language knowledge, communication skills, professional content, management skills and cultural awareness”(Xiang Yanhong, 2000:21). In Nick‟s viewpoint, a researcher on business English should at least have a good command of the above-mentioned knowledge and skills. Business English combines business knowledge and the English language, and this combination makes business English as functional as other professional English, say, legal and medical English. So, in the definition of business English, there are two points that determine what business English is: one is the English without either of them. 1.1.2 Functions of Business English The most important function of business English is its vital role in communication. In order to be effective in business activities, we must know the variables of communication in international business. International communication , can be defined as follows: It is a process by which a message is exchanged between different individuals of different cultures through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior, with a view to producing actual effects in business. Communication is very important in modern business English. Communication is a two-way process: sending a message and receiving a message. It is essential that ideas be sent and received in a timely and clear manner. A message received too late or one that does not readily disclose its sender‟s intent is at best, useless or, at worst, harmful. Communication serves three broad purposes in business organizations: definition, control and maintenance. At the highest level of importance, an organization has to define itself and articulate its goal. It has to say what it is all about and what it tries to do. This is definition. The organization then has to do what it defined as its goal or mission. The activities aimed at achieving goals have to be monitored. This is control. While goal-oriented activities occur, the organization has to maintain itself and keep going as an organization. This is maintenance. Of course, effective business communication is very important. As an important functional product of English, business English shows its overwhelming strength. It is said that there are altogether 1.6 billion people in the world who use English as their first language or second language and almost 90% of them use business English every day. Business English, as a language form, serves as the means of communication and the carrier of rules and regulations governing the business activities in the world of business. Almost all of the major world economic organizations specify English as their official language. International laws regulating the business affairs across the border are written in the English language by various international authorities. When problems arise from the international business activities, proficiency of business English is a key factor to win the trial in an international court. Business English has been an indispensable communication tool for business people since English nowadays is an international language. 1.2 Definition of Parallelism 1.2.1 Parallelism in Narrow Sense Figures of speech used to be called the flowers of rhetoric which have been multiplied into a garden of enormous variety over time. The number, names, and groupings of figures have been the most variable aspects of rhetoric over its history. It is believed that Aristotle is the first to make the classification and study of figures of speech. Traditionally, figures of speech are greatly and widely discussed to such extent that the study of them are almost thought to be the study of rhetoric is believed to be “not merely concerned with the figures of speech”(Brooks & Warren, 1979:4). So figures of speech can by no means be equated with rhetoric. Parallelism, in narrow sense, is a kind of important figures of speech. As a rhetorical device, parallelism is widely employed in different discourses. “Without employing parallelism, it‟s impossible to talk sensibly about anything”(A.M.Tibbetts,1979:170). Many kinds of works define it with slight differences. “When two or more ideas in a sentence are related in function and purpose, they can and should be phrased in the same grammatical form (words, phrases, clauses, etc). This method of expressing ideas of equal importance in the same grammatical form is called parallelism”(Wang Shuilian, 2000:100-103). Webster‟s New Collegiate Dictionary(1997) points out, parallelism in English is “the recurrent syntactical similarities introduced for rhetoric effect”. Therefore, parallelism is a rhetoric device that is used to achieve some rhetorical effects. 1.2.2 Parallelism in Broad Sense Parallelism changes with the change of rhetoric. With the development of modern rhetoric, rhetoric no longer focuses on persuasion, but focuses more on integration. Scholars believe rhetoric is a means to understand and improve human relationship(Hu Shuzhong,1999:507). It blends with the study of grammar and sociology. It blends with grammar because “the grammar of a language is a systematic account of how the language functions to provide intelligible discourses. Correspondingly,